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Dong M, Wang F, Yan Z, Yu S, Wei J, Wu Q, Liu Z, Tang Y, Ding J, Dai Q. Structure-Activity Analysis of N-Type Calcium Channel Inhibitor SO-3. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6349-6355. [PMID: 30281282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an ω-conopeptide originally discovered from Conus striatus, SO-3 contains 25 amino acid residues and three disulfide bridges. Our previous study has shown that this peptide possesses potent analgesic activity in rodent pain models (mouse and rat), and it specifically inhibits an N-type calcium ion channel (Cav2.2). In the study presented here, we investigated the key amino acid residues for their inhibitory activity against Cav2.2 expressed in HEK 293 cells and analgesic activity in mice. To improve the inhibitory activity of SO-3, we also evaluated the effects of some amino acid residues derived from the corresponding residues of ω-peptide MVIIA, CVID, or GVIA. Our data reveal that Lys6, Ile11, and Asn14 are the important functional amino acid residues for SO-3. The replacement of some amino acid residues of SO-3 in loop 1 with the corresponding residues of CVID and GVIA improved the inhibitory activity of SO-3. The binding mode of Cav2.2 with SO-3 amino acids in loop 1 and loop 2 may be somewhat different from that of MVIIA. This study expanded our knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of ω-peptides and provided a new strategy for improving the potency of Cav2.2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Dong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Juanjuan Wei
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Qiaoling Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Zhuguo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Yifei Tang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
| | - Jiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Qiuyun Dai
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , China
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2
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Ji S, Yun H, Park G, Min HJ, Lee CW. Expression and characterization of recombinant rattusin, an α-defensin-related peptide with a homodimeric scaffold formed by intermolecular disulfide exchanges. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 147:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kancherla AK, Meesala S, Jorwal P, Palanisamy R, Sikdar SK, Sarma SP. A Disulfide Stabilized β-Sandwich Defines the Structure of a New Cysteine Framework M-Superfamily Conotoxin. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1847-60. [PMID: 25961405 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a new cysteine framework (-C-CC-C-C-C-) "M"-superfamily conotoxin, Mo3964, shows it to have a β-sandwich structure that is stabilized by inter-sheet cross disulfide bonds. Mo3964 decreases outward K(+) currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and increases the reversal potential of the NaV1.2 channels. The structure of Mo3964 (PDB ID: 2MW7 ) is constructed from the disulfide connectivity pattern, i.e., 1-3, 2-5, and 4-6, that is hitherto undescribed for the "M"-superfamily conotoxins. The tertiary structural fold has not been described for any of the known conus peptides. NOE (549), dihedral angle (84), and hydrogen bond (28) restraints, obtained by measurement of (h3)JNC' scalar couplings, were used as input for structure calculation. The ensemble of structures showed a backbone root mean square deviation of 0.68 ± 0.18 Å, with 87% and 13% of the backbone dihedral (ϕ, ψ) angles lying in the most favored and additional allowed regions of the Ramachandran map. The conotoxin Mo3964 represents a new bioactive peptide fold that is stabilized by disulfide bonds and adds to the existing repertoire of scaffolds that can be used to design stable bioactive peptide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswani K. Kancherla
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Srinu Meesala
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Pooja Jorwal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Ramasamy Palanisamy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sujit K. Sikdar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Siddhartha P. Sarma
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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4
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Biondi L, Filira F, Giannini E, Gobbo M, Lattanzi R, Negri L, Rocchi R. Novel glycosylated [Lys7]-dermorphin analogues: synthesis, biological activity and conformational investigations. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:179-89. [PMID: 17177323 DOI: 10.1002/psc.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of the [Lys(7)]- and [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-dermorphin analogues in which either Tyr(5) or Hyp(6) are O-glucosylated are described. For comparison, the carbohydrate-free peptides have also been prepared. Structural investigations by FT-IR and CD measurements were carried out on the synthetic analogues and some preliminary pharmacological experiments were also performed. The biological potency of the glucosylated analogues was compared with that of the micro-opioid receptor agonist dermorphin in GPI preparations. Glucosylation of either Tyr(5) or Hyp(6) reduces the potency of both [Lys(7)]-dermorphin and [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-dermorphin. The effect induced by the Tyr(5) glucosylation is quite strong and the potency of both peptides is reduced by about 150 times. A similar but less dramatic effect is induced by the glucosylation of the Hyp(6) residue, and the potency of the parent peptide is reduced by about 15 times. The presence of acetyl groups on the sugar hydroxyl functions further reduces the agonistic potency of the glucosylated analogues. The analgesic potency of [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-, [Hyp(betaGlc)(6),Lys(7)]- and [Tyr(betaGlc)(5),Lys(7)]-dermorphin were also tested in vivo by the tail-flick test. The glucosylated hydroxyproline-containing analogue is 8-10 times less active than the parent peptide, but its analgesic effect lasts significantly longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biondi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Section of Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
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5
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Biondi L, Giannini E, Filira F, Gobbo M, Marastoni M, Negri L, Scolaro B, Tomatisc R, Rocchi R. Synthesis, conformation and biological activity of dermorphin and deltorphin I analogues containingN-alkylglycine in place of residues in position 1, 3, 5 and 6. J Pept Sci 2003; 9:638-48. [PMID: 14620129 DOI: 10.1002/psc.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses are described of new dermorphin and [D-Ala2]deltorphin I analogues in which the phenylalanine, the tyrosine or the valine residues have been substituted by the corresponding N-alkylglycine residues. Structural investigations by CD measurements in different solvents and preliminary pharmacological experiments were carried out on the resulting peptide-peptoid hybrids. The contribution from aromatic side chain residues is prominent in the CD spectra of dermorphin analogues and the assignment of a prevailing secondary structure could be questionable. In the CD spectra of deltorphin analogues the aromatic contribution is lower and the dichroic curves indicate the predominance of random conformer populations. The disappearance of the aromatic contribution in the [Ntyr1,D-Ala2]-deltorphin spectrum could be explained in terms of high conformational freedom of the N-terminal residue. The kinetics of degradation of the synthetic peptoids digestion by rat and human plasma enzymes were compared with that of [Leu5]-enkephalin. The binding to opioid receptors was tested on crude membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the mu- and delta-opioid receptors. The biological potency of peptoids was compared with that of dermorphin in GPI preparations and with that of deltorphin I in MVD preparations. All the substitutions produced a dramatic decrease in the affinity of the peptide-peptoid hybrids for both the mu- and delta-opioid receptors. Nval5 and/or Nval6 containing hybrids behaved as mu-opioid receptor agonists and elicit a dose-dependent analgesia (tail-flick test) when injected i.c.v. in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Guinea Pigs
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- N-substituted Glycines/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Opioid Peptides
- Pain/drug therapy
- Protein Conformation
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biondi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Section of Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
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Srinivasan KN, Sivaraja V, Huys I, Sasaki T, Cheng B, Kumar TKS, Sato K, Tytgat J, Yu C, San BCC, Ranganathan S, Bowie HJ, Kini RM, Gopalakrishnakone P. kappa-Hefutoxin1, a novel toxin from the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes with unique structure and function. Importance of the functional diad in potassium channel selectivity. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:30040-7. [PMID: 12034709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111258200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An important and exciting challenge in the postgenomic era is to understand the functions of newly discovered proteins based on their structures. The main thrust is to find the common structural motifs that contribute to specific functions. Using this premise, here we report the purification, solution NMR, and functional characterization of a novel class of weak potassium channel toxins from the venom of the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes. These toxins, kappa-hefutoxin1 and kappa-hefutoxin2, exhibit no homology to any known toxins. NMR studies indicate that kappa-hefutoxin1 adopts a unique three-dimensional fold of two parallel helices linked by two disulfide bridges without any beta-sheets. Based on the presence of the functional diad (Tyr(5)/Lys(19)) at a distance (6.0 +/- 1.0 A) comparable with other potassium channel toxins, we hypothesized its function as a potassium channel toxin. kappa-Hefutoxin 1 not only blocks the voltage-gated K(+)-channels, Kv1.3 and Kv1.2, but also slows the activation kinetics of Kv1.3 currents, a novel feature of kappa-hefutoxin 1, unlike other scorpion toxins, which are considered solely pore blockers. Alanine mutants (Y5A, K19A, and Y5A/K19A) failed to block the channels, indicating the importance of the functional diad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellathur N Srinivasan
- Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Dr., Singapore 117597, Singapore
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7
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Corzo G, Adachi-Akahane S, Nagao T, Kusui Y, Nakajima T. Novel peptides from assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): isolation, chemical and biological characterization. FEBS Lett 2001; 499:256-61. [PMID: 11423127 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three novel peptides were isolated from the venomous saliva of predatory reduviids. They were identified by mass spectrometry and HPLC analysis and consist of 34-36 amino acid residues. They are relatively homologous to the calcium channel blockers omega-conotoxins from marine cone snails and belong to the four-loop Cys scaffold structural class. Ptu1, the shortest peptide, was chemically synthesized (sPtu1) and co-eluted with its native form. Circular dichroism spectra of the sPtu1 showed a high content of beta-turns similar to that of omega-conotoxins GVIA and MVIIA. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that sPtu1 reversibly blocks the N-type calcium channels expressed in BHK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corzo
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Osaka, Japan.
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8
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Gómara MJ, Girona V, Ercilla G, Reig F, Alsina MA, Haro I. Differences in secondary structure of HAV-synthetic peptides induced by the sequential order of T- and B-cell epitopes. Biopolymers 2001; 58:117-28. [PMID: 11093111 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(200102)58:2<117::aid-bip10>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the structural features of two peptide constructs designed on the basis of linear combination of B and T-cell epitopes in different orientations (BT and TB) that may be important to explain the differences in the elicited antihepatitis A virus immune response and in the interaction with biological model membranes. A CD study was carried out and the corresponding quantitative analysis of the experimental data was done using deconvolution computer programs. Moreover, fluorescence experiments were performed to analyze differences in the fluorescence emission spectra of both molecules. The main conformational difference by CD studies was obtained working in aqueous medium. Although the TB sequence adopted a preferably random coil structure, the BT peptide was best fitted with beta-type structures. These results are further supported by fluorescence studies. These findings have relevance for the design of synthetic immunopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gómara
- Physicochemical Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pza. Pius XII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Sato K, Raymond C, Martin-Moutot N, Sasaki T, Omori A, Ohtake A, Kim JI, Kohno T, Takahashi M, Seagar M. Binding of chimeric analogs of omega-conotoxin MVIIA and MVIIC to the N- and P/Q-type calcium channels. FEBS Lett 1997; 414:480-4. [PMID: 9315745 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite their high sequence homology, the peptide neurotoxins omega-conotoxin MVIIA and MVIIC selectively block N- and P/Q-type calcium channels, respectively. To study the recognition mechanism of calcium channel subtypes, two chimeric analogs of omega-conotoxin MVIIA and MVIIC were synthesized by exchanging their N- and C-terminal halves. Binding assay for both N- and P/Q-type calcium channels showed that amino acid residues restricted to the N-terminal half are important for the recognition of N-type channels, whereas essential residues for P/Q-type channel recognition are widely spread over the whole omega-conotoxin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sato
- Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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