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Wiese M, Stefan SM. The A‐B‐C of small‐molecule ABC transport protein modulators: From inhibition to activation—a case study of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (ABCC1). Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2031-2081. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wiese
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of Bonn Bonn Germany
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2
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Dostál Z, Kosina P, Mlejnek P, Kikalová K, Modrianský M. Mifepristone potentiates etoposide toxicity in Hep G2 cells by modulating drug transport. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:33-40. [PMID: 30217652 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide is a well-known and widely used anticancer drug that displays several side effects. In addition, tumors often acquire resistance to this drug. Our aim is to develop a combination therapy that would augment toxicity of etoposide in malignant cells. Based on literature and our experiments, we selected mifepristone (RU486) as a potential supporting molecule that is able to enhance etoposide toxicity against cancer cells. All experiments were performed with Hep G2 cells, a well-known and described human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. By using xCELLigence system, we demonstrated that mifepristone enhances toxicity of etoposide in a dose dependent manner with concomitant caspase-3 activity. We evaluated upregulation of Bax because mifepristone was demonstrated to modulate proapoptotic Bax protein expression. Our data show only weak and not statistically significant increase of Bax expression. On the other hand, we show that mifepristone increases etoposide toxicity via inhibition of ABC transporters, coupled with significant increase of intracellular etoposide concentration. In conclusion, we demonstrate that mifepristone has a synergistic effect with etoposide treatment in the Hep G2 cells and that the effect is related to ABC transporters inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Dostál
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - P Kosina
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - P Mlejnek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - K Kikalová
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Modrianský
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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3
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Stefan SM, Wiese M. Small-molecule inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and related processes: A historic approach and recent advances. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:176-264. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Marcel Stefan
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
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4
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Abstract
Transporters in proximal renal tubules contribute to the disposition of numerous drugs. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of tubular secretion have been progressively elucidated during the past decades. Organic anions tend to be secreted by the transport proteins OAT1, OAT3 and OATP4C1 on the basolateral side of tubular cells, and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2, MRP4, OATP1A2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) on the apical side. Organic cations are secreted by organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 on the basolateral side, and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins MATE1, MATE2/2-K, P-glycoprotein, organic cation and carnitine transporter (OCTN) 1 and OCTN2 on the apical side. Significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may affect any of these transporters, altering the clearance and, consequently, the efficacy and/or toxicity of substrate drugs. Interactions at the level of basolateral transporters typically decrease the clearance of the victim drug, causing higher systemic exposure. Interactions at the apical level can also lower drug clearance, but may be associated with higher renal toxicity, due to intracellular accumulation. Whereas the importance of glomerular filtration in drug disposition is largely appreciated among clinicians, DDIs involving renal transporters are less well recognized. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles, quantitative importance and clinical relevance of these transporters in drug therapy. It proposes an approach based on substrate-inhibitor associations for predicting potential tubular-based DDIs and preventing their adverse consequences. We provide a comprehensive list of known drug interactions with renally-expressed transporters. While many of these interactions have limited clinical consequences, some involving high-risk drugs (e.g. methotrexate) definitely deserve the attention of prescribers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ivanyuk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Françoise Livio
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Biollaz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fardel O, Le Vee M, Jouan E, Denizot C, Parmentier Y. Nature and uses of fluorescent dyes for drug transporter studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1233-51. [PMID: 26050735 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1053462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug transporters are now recognized as major players involved in pharmacokinetics and toxicology. Methods for assessing their activity are important to consider, particularly owing to regulatory requirements with respect to inhibition of drug transporter activity and prediction of drug-drug interactions. In this context, the use of fluorescent-dye-based transport assays is likely to deserve attention. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the nature of fluorescent dye substrates for ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier drug transporters. Their use for investigating drug transporter activity in cultured cells and clinical hematological samples, drug transporter inhibition, drug transporter imaging and drug transport at the organ level are summarized. EXPERT OPINION A wide range of fluorescent dyes is now available for use in various aspects of drug transporter studies. The use of these dyes for transporter analyses may, however, be hampered by classic pitfalls of fluorescence technology, such as quenching. Transporter-independent processes such as passive diffusion of dyes through plasma membrane or dye sequestration into subcellular compartments must also be considered, as well as the redundant handling by various distinct transporters of some fluorescent probes. Finally, standardization of dye-based transport assays remains an important on-going issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET) , UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes , France
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6
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Le Vee M, Jouan E, Stieger B, Lecureur V, Fardel O. Regulation of human hepatic drug transporter activity and expression by diesel exhaust particle extract. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121232. [PMID: 25803276 PMCID: PMC4372591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are common environmental air pollutants primarily affecting the lung. DEPs or chemicals adsorbed on DEPs also exert extra-pulmonary effects, including alteration of hepatic drug detoxifying enzyme expression. The present study was designed to determine whether organic DEP extract (DEPe) may target hepatic drug transporters that contribute in a major way to drug detoxification. Using primary human hepatocytes and transporter-overexpressing cells, DEPe was first shown to strongly inhibit activities of the sinusoidal solute carrier (SLC) uptake transporters organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1, 1B3 and 2B1 and of the canalicular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pump multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, with IC50 values ranging from approximately 1 to 20 μg/mL and relevant to environmental exposure situations. By contrast, 25 μg/mL DEPe failed to alter activities of the SLC transporter organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and of the ABC efflux pumps P-glycoprotein and bile salt export pump (BSEP), whereas it only moderately inhibited those of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide and of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Treatment by 25 μg/mL DEPe was next demonstrated to induce expression of BCRP at both mRNA and protein level in cultured human hepatic cells, whereas it concomitantly repressed mRNA expression of various transporters, including OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT1 and BSEP. Such changes in transporter expression were found to be highly correlated to those caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a reference activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. This suggests that DEPe, which is enriched in known ligands of AhR like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alters drug transporter expression via activation of the AhR cascade. Taken together, these data established human hepatic transporters as targets of organic chemicals containing in DEPs, which may contribute to their systemic effects through impairing hepatic transport of endogenous compound or drug substrates of these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Le Vee
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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Dueñas-González A, García-López P, Herrera LA, Medina-Franco JL, González-Fierro A, Candelaria M. The prince and the pauper. A tale of anticancer targeted agents. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:82. [PMID: 18947424 PMCID: PMC2615789 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate, from 10 million new cases globally in 2000 to 15 million in 2020. Regarding the pharmacological treatment of cancer, we currently are in the interphase of two treatment eras. The so-called pregenomic therapy which names the traditional cancer drugs, mainly cytotoxic drug types, and post-genomic era-type drugs referring to rationally-based designed. Although there are successful examples of this newer drug discovery approach, most target-specific agents only provide small gains in symptom control and/or survival, whereas others have consistently failed in the clinical testing. There is however, a characteristic shared by these agents: -their high cost-. This is expected as drug discovery and development is generally carried out within the commercial rather than the academic realm. Given the extraordinarily high therapeutic drug discovery-associated costs and risks, it is highly unlikely that any single public-sector research group will see a novel chemical "probe" become a "drug". An alternative drug development strategy is the exploitation of established drugs that have already been approved for treatment of non-cancerous diseases and whose cancer target has already been discovered. This strategy is also denominated drug repositioning, drug repurposing, or indication switch. Although traditionally development of these drugs was unlikely to be pursued by Big Pharma due to their limited commercial value, biopharmaceutical companies attempting to increase productivity at present are pursuing drug repositioning. More and more companies are scanning the existing pharmacopoeia for repositioning candidates, and the number of repositioning success stories is increasing. Here we provide noteworthy examples of known drugs whose potential anticancer activities have been highlighted, to encourage further research on these known drugs as a means to foster their translation into clinical trials utilizing the more limited public-sector resources. If these drug types eventually result in being effective, it follows that they could be much more affordable for patients with cancer; therefore, their contribution in terms of reducing cancer mortality at the global level would be greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Cnubben NHP, Wortelboer HM, van Zanden JJ, Rietjens IMCM, van Bladeren PJ. Metabolism of ATP-binding cassette drug transporter inhibitors: complicating factor for multidrug resistance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2006; 1:219-32. [PMID: 16922638 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.1.2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transport proteins play a central role in the defence of organisms against toxic compounds, including anticancer drugs. However, for compounds that are designed to display a toxic effect, this defence system diminishes their effectiveness. This is typically the case in the development of cellular resistance to anticancer drugs. Inhibitors of these transporters are thus potentially useful tools to reverse this transporter-mediated cellular resistance to anticancer drugs and, eventually, to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with drug-resistant cancer. This review highlights the various types of inhibitors of several multidrug resistance-related ABC proteins, and demonstrates that the metabolism of inhibitors, as illustrated by recent data obtained for various natural compound inhibitors, may have considerable implications for their effect on drug transport and their potential for treatment of drug resistance.
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9
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Choi CH. ABC transporters as multidrug resistance mechanisms and the development of chemosensitizers for their reversal. Cancer Cell Int 2005; 5:30. [PMID: 16202168 PMCID: PMC1277830 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-5-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major problems related with anticancer chemotherapy is resistance against anticancer drugs. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transporter proteins that are responsible for drug resistance and a low bioavailability of drugs by pumping a variety of drugs out cells at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. One strategy for reversal of the resistance of tumor cells expressing ABC transporters is combined use of anticancer drugs with chemosensitizers. In this review, the physiological functions and structures of ABC transporters, and the development of chemosensitizers are described focusing on well-known proteins including P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance associated protein, and breast cancer resistance protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hee Choi
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University Medical School, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea.
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10
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Tian Q, Zhang J, Chan E, Duan W, Zhou S. Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) and implication in drug development. Drug Dev Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Li DQ, Wang ZB, Bai J, Zhao J, Wang Y, Hu K, Du YH. Reversal of multidrug resistance in drug-resistant human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR by antiprogestin drug mifepristone. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:1722-5. [PMID: 15188493 PMCID: PMC4572256 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i12.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the reversal effect of mifepristone on multidrug resistance (MDR) in drug-resistant human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR and its mechanisms.
METHODS: Expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry was used to assay the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), Bcl-2, Bax, and the mean fluorescent intensity of intracellular rhodamine 123 in the cells. Meanwhile, the protein levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were also detected by Western blotting analysis. The sensitivity of cells to the anticancer agent, vincrimycin (VCR), and the intracellular [3H]VCR accumulation were determined by tetrazolium blue (MTT) assay and a liquid scintillation counter, respectively.
RESULTS: Expression of MRP and P-gp in SGC7901/VCR cells was 6.04-and 8.37-fold higher as compared with its parental SGC7901 cells, respectively. After treatment with 1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L mifepristone, SGC7901/VCR cells showed a 1.34-, 2.29-, 3.11-, and 3.71-fold increase in the accumulation of intracellular VCR, a known substrate of MRP, and a 1.03-, 2.04-, 3.08-, and 3.68-fold increase in the retention of rhodamine 123, an indicator of P-gp function, respectively. MTT assay revealed that the resistance of SGC7901/VCR cells to VCR was 11.96-fold higher than that of its parental cells. The chemosensitivity of SGC7901/VCR cells to VCR was enhanced by 1.02-, 7.19-, 12.84-, and 21.17-fold after treatment with mifepristone at above-mentioned dose. After 96 h of incubation with mifepristone 10 μmol/L, a concentration close to plasma concentrations achievable in human, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased to (9.21 ± 0.65)% from (25.32 ± 1.44)%, whereas the expression of Bax protein was increased to (19.69 ± 1.13)% from (1.24 ± 0.78)% (P < 0.01). Additionally, the effects of mifepristone on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in SGC7901/VCR cells were further demonstrated by Western blotting analysis.
CONCLUSION: Mifepristone has potent reversal effect on MDR in SGC7901/VCR via inhibiting the function of MRP and P-gp, modulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and enhancing the sensitivity to anticancer agent VCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, PO Box 153, Chongqing 400016, China. lidaqiang1974@ sohu.com
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Li DQ, Pan LH, Shao ZM. Reversal effects of mifepristone on multidrug resistance(MDR) in drug-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF7/ADR in vitro and in vivo. Chin J Cancer Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-004-0004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Teodori E, Dei S, Scapecchi S, Gualtieri F. The medicinal chemistry of multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing drugs. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2002; 57:385-415. [PMID: 12058813 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a kind of resistance of cancer cells to multiple classes of chemotherapic drugs that can be structurally and mechanistically unrelated. Classical MDR regards altered membrane transport that results in lower cell concentrations of cytotoxic drug and is related to the over expression of a variety of proteins that act as ATP-dependent extrusion pumps. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) are the most important and widely studied members of the family that belongs to the ABC superfamily of transporters. It is apparent that, besides their role in cancer cell resistance, these proteins have multiple physiological functions as well, since they are expressed also in many important non-tumoural tissues and are largely present in prokaryotic organisms. A number of drugs have been identified which are able to reverse the effects of Pgp, MRPI and sister proteins, on multidrug resistance. The first MDR modulators discovered and studied in clinical trials were endowed with definite pharmacological actions so that the doses required to overcome MDR were associated with unacceptably high side effects. As a consequence, much attention has been focused on developing more potent and selective modulators with proper potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetics that can be used at lower doses. Several novel MDR reversing agents (also known as chemosensitisers) are currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of resistant tumours. This review is concerned with the medicinal chemistry of MDR reversers, with particular attention to the drugs that are presently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Teodori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita' di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Laupèze B, Amiot L, Bertho N, Grosset JM, Lehne G, Fauchet R, Fardel O. Differential expression of the efflux pumps P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:1073-80. [PMID: 11600213 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux pump, has been recently shown to play an important role in the physiology of Langherans cells, a subtype of dendritic cells (DC) found in the skin. The present study was designed to investigate expression and activity of P-gp and of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), another ABC efflux pump sharing numerous substrates with P-gp, in human monocyte-derived DC. Immunolabeling experiments and dye efflux assays indicated that such cells displayed elevated levels of MRP activity and expression when compared to those present in parental monocytes. Generation of DC from monocytes in the presence of the MRP inhibitor indomethacin did not, however, alter the capacity of DC to stimulate allogeneic T cells proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction. In addition, indomethacin did not inhibit the up-regulation of the CD1a, a marker occurring during the differentiation of monocytes into DC. In contrast to that of MRP, functional expression of P-gp was not detected in monocyte-derived DC. Such antigen presenting cells that constitute a promising tool for antitumor vaccinal therapy therefore display differential expression of the efflux pumps P-gp and MRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Laupèze
- Laboratoire Universitaire d'Hématologie et de la Biologie des Cellules Sanguines, Faculté de Médecine, UPRES EA 22-33, Rennes, France.
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15
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Vernhet L, Allain N, Payen L, Anger JP, Guillouzo A, Fardel O. Resistance of human multidrug resistance-associated protein 1-overexpressing lung tumor cells to the anticancer drug arsenic trioxide. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61:1387-91. [PMID: 11331074 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human multidrug-resistance protein (MRP1) confers resistance to some heavy metals such as arsenic and antimony, mainly through mediating an increased cellular efflux of metal. However, it was recently suggested that arsenic, used under its trioxide derivative form as anticancer drug, is not handled by MRP1. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis in MRP1-overexpressing human lung tumor GLC4/Sb30 cells. Using the cytotoxicity MTT assay, GLC4/Sb30 cells were found to be 10.8-fold more resistant to arsenic trioxide (As2O3) than parental GLC4 cells. MK571, a potent inhibitor of MRP1 activity, almost totally reversed resistance of GLC4/Sb30 cells, but did not alter the sensitivity of GLC4 cells. Moreover, As2O3-loaded GLC4/Sb30 cells poorly accumulated arsenic through an increased MK571-sensitive efflux of metal. Finally, depletion of cellular glutathione levels in buthionine sulfoximine-treated GLC4/Sb30 cells was found to result in increased accumulation and reduced efflux of arsenic in cells exposed to As2O3, outlining the glutathione-dependence of MRP1-mediated transport of the metal. These results indicate that MRP1 overexpression in human tumor cells can confer resistance to As2O3, which may limit the clinical use of this anticancer drug for treatment of MRP1-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vernhet
- INSERM U456, Détoxication et Réparation Tissulaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 2 avenue Léon Benard, F-35043 céedex, Rennes, France.
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16
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Kim HS, Min YD, Choi CH. Double-edged sword of chemosensitizer: increase of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) in leukemic cells by an MRP inhibitor probenecid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:64-71. [PMID: 11322768 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance protein (MRP) is a drug efflux membrane pump conferring multidrug resistance to tumor cells. Clinical trials have been undertaken to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy by adding an MRP inhibitor to the treatment regimen. This study attempted not only to determine novel resistance mechanisms in MRP-overexpressing AML cells (AML-2/DX100) by chronic exposure to doxorubicin in the presence of an MRP inhibitor probenecid but also to find out whether probenecid could increase MRP levels. AML-2/DXPBA cultured in the presence of probenecid (600 microM) and doxorubicin (100 ng/ml) showed a higher level of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype when compared to AML-2/DX100. AML-2/DXPBA showed increased levels of MRP compared to those of AML-2/DX100. Probenecid increased the MRP levels without an increase in MRP mRNA in AML-2/WT in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. Of the MRP inhibitors including probenecid, ofloxacin, erythromycin, and rifampicin used in this study, only probenecid showed a marked chemosensitizing effect in AML-2/DX100 but not in HL-60/Adr, suggesting that the chemosensitizing effects of the MRP inhibitors vary according to the type of resistant cells. The maximum noncytotoxic concentrations of these MRP inhibitors increased the MRP levels to various degrees in both AML-2/WT and HL-60/WT. However, the chemosensitizing effects of the MRP inhibitors were not correlated with their MRP-increasing effects. Altogether, MRP inhibitors such as probenecid have been shown to function as a double-edged sword, indicating that they are not only an effective chemosensitizer of MRP-associated MDR tumor cells but also an MRP activator. Therefore caution should be taken whenever using MRP inhibitors to reverse MRP-mediated multidrug resistance in clinical cancer chemotherapy as well as when used to inhibit MRP expression in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Erythromycin/pharmacology
- HL-60 Cells/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
- Ofloxacin/pharmacology
- Probenecid/pharmacology
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Uricosuric Agents/pharmacology
- Vincristine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of General Surgery, Chosun University Medical School, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Kwangju, 501-759, South Korea
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17
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Payen L, Delugin L, Courtois A, Trinquart Y, Guillouzo A, Fardel O. The sulphonylurea glibenclamide inhibits multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) activity in human lung cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:778-84. [PMID: 11159731 PMCID: PMC1572605 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2000] [Accepted: 11/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Glibenclamide, a sulphonylurea widely used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, has been shown to inhibit the activities of various ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In the present study, its effects towards multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), an ABC efflux pump conferring multidrug resistance and handling organic anions, were investigated. 2. Intracellular accumulation of calcein, an anionic dye substrate for MRP1, was strongly increased by glibenclamide in a dose-dependent manner in MRP1-overexpressing lung tumour GLC4/Sb30 cells through inhibition of MRP1-related calcein efflux. By contrast, glibenclamide did not alter calcein levels in parental control GLC4 cells. Another sulphonylurea, tolbutamide, was however without effect on calcein accumulation in both GLC4/Sb30 and GLC4 cells. 3. Glibenclamide used at 12.5 microM was, moreover, found to strongly enhance the sensitivity of GLC4/Sb30 cells towards vincristine, an anticancer drug handled by MRP1. 4. Efflux of carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, an anionic dye handled by the ABC transporter MRP2 sharing numerous substrates with MRP1 and expressed at high levels in liver, was also strongly inhibited by glibenclamide in isolated rat hepatocytes. 5. In summary, glibenclamide reversed MRP1-mediated drug resistance likely through inhibiting MRP1 activity and blocked organic anion efflux from MRP2-expressing hepatocytes. Such effects associated with the known inhibitory properties of glibenclamide towards various others ABC proteins suggest that this sulphonylurea is a general inhibitor of ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Payen
- INSERM U456, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr L. Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Delugin
- INSERM U456, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr L. Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Courtois
- INSERM U456, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr L. Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Yolande Trinquart
- INSERM U456, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr L. Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - André Guillouzo
- INSERM U456, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr L. Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- INSERM U456, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr L. Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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18
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Payen L, Courtois A, Campion JP, Guillouzo A, Fardel O. Characterization and inhibition by a wide range of xenobiotics of organic anion excretion by primary human hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:1967-75. [PMID: 11108814 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion secretion by human hepatocytes was characterized using primary liver parenchymal cell cultures and the anionic fluorescent dye carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (CF). Probenecid, a well-known common blocker of the membrane transport process for anions, was shown to increase CF accumulation in primary human hepatocytes by inhibiting cellular CF efflux in a dose-dependent manner, thereby establishing the presence of an efflux system for organic anions in cultured hepatocytes. Outwardly directed transport of CF from hepatocytes was found to be temperature-dependent; it was not altered by changes in the ionic composition of the incubation medium used in efflux experiments. In addition to probenecid, various structurally and functionally unrelated xenobiotics such as glibenclamide, rifampicin, vinblastine, MK-571, indomethacin, and cyclosporin A were shown to inhibit secretion of CF by primary human hepatocytes, thus suggesting that organic anion excretion by human liver may be impaired by various drugs. Northern blot and Western blot analyses of the expression of multidrug resistance proteins (MRP), such as MRP1 and MRP2, which are known to mediate cellular outwardly directed transport of organic anions indicated that MRP2 was present at substantial levels in cultured human hepatocytes as well as in their in vivo counterparts, whereas MRP1 expression was only barely detectable. These results therefore suggest that MRP2, unlike MRP1, may contribute to the organic anion efflux system displayed by primary human hepatocytes and inhibited by a wide range of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Payen
- INSERM U456 "Détoxication et Réparation Tissulaire", Faculté de Pharmacie, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
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19
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Bart J, Groen HJ, Hendrikse NH, van der Graaf WT, Vaalburg W, de Vries EG. The blood-brain barrier and oncology: new insights into function and modulation. Cancer Treat Rev 2000; 26:449-62. [PMID: 11139374 DOI: 10.1053/ctrv.2000.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy for malignant primary or metastatic brain tumours is still poor. This is at least partly due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The functionality of the BBB can be explained by physicochemical features and efflux pump mechanisms. An overview of the literature is presented with emphasis on oncology. The BBB consists of capillary endothelial cells that lack fenestrations and are connected together with continuous tight junctions, with a high electrical resistance. Permeability of tight junctions can be increased in vitro by contraction of the cytoskeleton, caused by bradykinin agonists. Different efflux pumps are present in the BBB. Examples are P-glycoprotein (P-gp), organic anion transporters, (OAT) and multidrug-resistance-associated proteins (MRP)(1 and 3). These pumps act as a multi-specific efflux pump for various chemotherapeutic drugs. Experiments have shown that P-gp can be inhibited by different non-chemotherapeutic substrates such as cyclosporin A. The functionality in vivo of P-gp can be measured with positron emission tomography and [(11)C]-verapamil or with single photon emission computer tomography and(99m)Tc-sestamibi. MRP(1)and MRP(3)act as organic anion transporters that in vitro act as efflux pumps for substances that are conjugated or co-transported with glutathione and glucuronide, respectively. Methotrexate has been recently demonstrated to be transported by MRP(1)and MRP(3). Results of studies which demonstrate the clinical relevance and applicability of BBB modulators are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bart
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Lecureur V, Courtois A, Payen L, Verhnet L, Guillouzo A, Fardel O. Expression and regulation of hepatic drug and bile acid transporters. Toxicology 2000; 153:203-19. [PMID: 11090958 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transport across hepatocyte plasma membranes is a key parameter in hepatic clearance and usually occurs through different carrier-mediated systems. Sinusoidal uptake of compounds is thus mediated by distinct transporters, such as Na(+)-dependent or Na(+)-independent anionic transporters and by some cationic transporters. Similarly, several membrane proteins located at the apical pole of hepatocytes have been incriminated in the excretion of compounds into the bile. Indeed, biliary elimination of anionic compounds, including glutathione S-conjugates, is mediated by MRP2, whereas bile salts are excreted by a bile salt export pump (BSEP) and Class I-P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved in the secretion of amphiphilic cationic drugs, whereas class II-P-gp is a phospholipid transporter. The expression of hepatic transporters and their activity are regulated in various situations, such as ontogenesis, carcinogenesis, cholestasis, cellular stress and after treatment by hormones and xenobiotics. Moreover, a direct correlation between a defect and the absence of transporter with hepatic disease has been demonstrated for BSEP, MDR3-P-gp and MRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lecureur
- Unité INSERM U456, 'Détoxication et Réparation Tissulaire', Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes, France.
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