1
|
Srinivas S, Senthil Kumar A. Electrical Wiring of Malarial Parasite Intermediate Hematin on a Tailored N-Doped Carbon Nanomaterial Surface and Its Bioelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction and Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10634-10647. [PMID: 38723623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Hematin, an iron-containing porphyrin compound, plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including oxygen transport, storage, and functionality of the malarial parasite. Specifically, hematin-Fe interacts with the nitrogen atom of antimalarial drugs, forming an intermediate step crucial for their function. The electron transfer functionality of hematin in biological systems has been scarcely investigated. In this study, we developed a biomimicking electrical wiring of hematin-Fe with a model N-drug system, represented as {hematin-Fe---N-drug}. We achieved this by immobilizing hematin on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/N-graphene quantum dot (N-GQD) modified electrode (MWCNT/N-GQD@Hemat). N-GQD serves as a model molecular drug system containing nitrogen atoms to mimic the {hematin-Fe---N-drug} interaction. The prepared bioelectrode exhibited a distinct redox peak at a measured potential (E1/2) of -0.410 V vs Ag/AgCl, accompanied by a surface excess value of 3.54 × 10-9 mol cm-2. This observation contrasts significantly with the weak or electroinactive electrochemical responses documented in literature-based hematin systems. We performed a comprehensive set of physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations on the MWCNT/N-GQD@Hemat system, employing techniques including FESEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and AFM. To evaluate the biomimetic electrode's electroactivity, we investigated the selective-mediated reduction of H2O2 as a model system. As an important aspect of our research, we demonstrated the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy to visualize the in situ electron transfer reaction of the biomimicking electrode. In an independent study, we showed enzyme-less electrocatalytic reduction and selective electrocatalytic sensing of H2O2 with a detection limit of 319 nM. We achieved this using a batch injection analysis-coupled disposable screen-printed electrode system in physiological solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Srinivas
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore 632014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore 632014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wolf S, Domes R, Domes C, Frosch T. Spectrally Resolved and Highly Parallelized Raman Difference Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Drug-Target Interactions between the Antimalarial Drug Chloroquine and Hematin. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3345-3353. [PMID: 38301154 PMCID: PMC10902819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a severe disease caused by cytozoic parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which infiltrate and infect red blood cells. Several drugs have been developed to combat the devastating effects of malaria. Antimalarials based on quinolines inhibit the crystallization of hematin into hemozoin within the parasite, ultimately leading to its demise. Despite the frequent use of these agents, there are unanswered questions about their mechanisms of action. In the present study, the quinoline chloroquine and its interaction with the target structure hematin was investigated using an advanced, highly parallelized Raman difference spectroscopy (RDS) setup. Simultaneous recording of the spectra of hematin and chloroquine mixtures with varying compositions enabled the observation of changes in peak heights and positions based on the altered molecular structure resulting from their interaction. A shift of (-1.12 ± 0.05) cm-1 was observed in the core-size marker band ν(CαCm)asym peak position of the 1:1 chloroquine-hematin mixture compared to pure hematin. The oxidation-state marker band ν(pyrrole half-ring)sym exhibited a shift by (+0.93 ± 0.13) cm-1. These results were supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicating a hydrogen bond between the quinolinyl moiety of chloroquine and the oxygen atom of ferric protoporphyrin IX hydroxide (Fe(III)PPIX-OH). The consequence is a reduced electron density within the porphyrin moiety and an increase in its core size. This hypothesis provided further insights into the mechanism of hemozoin inhibition, suggesting chloroquine binding to the monomeric form of hematin, thereby preventing its further crystallization to hemozoin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering Group, Technical University Darmstadt, Merckstr. 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chopin N, Bosson J, Iikawa S, Picot S, Bienvenu AL, Lavoignat A, Bonnot G, Riou M, Beaugé C, Guillory V, Biot C, Pilet G, Chessé M, Davioud-Charvet E, Elhabiri M, Bouillon JP, Médebielle M. Evaluation of ferrocenyl-containing γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam-derived tetramates as potential antiplasmodials. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114735. [PMID: 36122550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of ferrocenyl-containing γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam tetramates were prepared in 2-3 steps through ring opening-ring closure (RORC) process of γ-ylidene-tetronate derivatives in the presence of ferrocenyl alkylamines. The compounds were screened in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) clones of P. falciparum, displaying activity in the range of 0.12-100 μM, with generally good resistance index. The most active ferrocene in these series exhibited IC50 equal to 0.09 μM (3D7) and 0.12 μM (W2). The low cytotoxicity of the ferrocenyl-containing γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam tetramates against Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial (HUVEC) cell line demonstrated selective antiparasitic activity. The redox properties of these ferrocene-derived tetramates were studied and physico-biochemical studies evidenced that these derivatives can exert potent antimalarial activities via a mechanism distinct from ferroquine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chopin
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Bosson
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shinya Iikawa
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Picot
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France; Institut de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Lise Bienvenu
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France; Service Pharmacie, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Lavoignat
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Bonnot
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mickael Riou
- INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Corinne Beaugé
- INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vanaïque Guillory
- INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France; INRAE, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre Val de Loire - Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LMI, UMR 5615, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matthieu Chessé
- UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg‒CNRS‒UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Team Bio(IN)organic and Medicinal Chemistry, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg‒CNRS‒UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Team Bio(IN)organic and Medicinal Chemistry, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg‒CNRS‒UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Team Bio(IN)organic and Medicinal Chemistry, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouillon
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta M, Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumar A, Verma R, Darokar MP, Rout P, Pal A. Inhibition of heme detoxification pathway in malaria parasite by 3-hydroxy-11-keto-β-boswellic acid isolated from Boswellia serrata. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112302. [PMID: 34678731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria eradication is still a major global health problem in developing countries, which has been of more concern ever since the malaria parasite has developed resistance against frontline antimalarial drugs. Historical evidence proves that the plants possess a major resource for the development of novel anti-malarial drugs. In the present study, the bioactivity guided fractionation of the oleogum-resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb. yielded the optimum activity in the ethyl acetate fraction with an IC50 of 22 ± 3.9 μg/mL and 26.5 ± 4.5 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (NF54) and resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum respectively. Further, upon fractionation, the ethyl acetate fraction yielded four major compounds, of which 3-Hydroxy-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) was found to be the most potent with IC50 values 4.5 ± 0.60 µg/mL and 6.25 ± 1.02 μg/mL against sensitive and resistant strains respectively. KBA was found to inhibit heme detoxification pathways, one of the most common therapeutic targets, which probably lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) detrimental to P. falciparum. Further, the induced intracellular oxidative stress affected the macromolecules in terms of DNA damage, increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. However, it did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect in VERO cells. Under in vivo conditions, KBA exhibited a significant reduction in parasitemia, retarding the development of anaemia, resulting in an enhancement of the mean survival time in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (chloroquine-resistant) infected mice. Further, KBA did not exhibit any abnormality in serum biochemistry of animals that underwent acute oral toxicity studies at 2000 mg/kg body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Gupta
- Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Riya Verma
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Mahendra Pandurang Darokar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prashant Rout
- Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Anirban Pal
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva RCMC, Tan L, Rodrigues DA, Prestes EB, Gomes CP, Gama AM, Oliveira PLD, Paiva CN, Manoury B, Bozza MT. Chloroquine inhibits pro-inflammatory effects of heme on macrophages and invivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:104-116. [PMID: 34303829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroquine has been used successfully to treat Malaria, including by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium sp., indicating that it has effects on disease itself. Since heme has inflammatory effects and contributes to the pathogenesis of hemolytic diseases, we hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory effect of chloroquine is partially due to its inhibitory effect on heme-induced macrophage activation and on inflammatory tissue damage. METHODS Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were incubated with chloroquine before stimulation with heme, in different conditions, to evaluate cytokines secretion, ROS production, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) or spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activation, alone or combined with LPS. The effects of chloroquine upon heme inflammation were also evaluated in vivo, through simultaneous i.p. injection of LPS and heme, intratracheal instillation of Poly-IC followed by heme injection, and in a rhabdomyolysis model. RESULTS Chloroquine inhibited TNF secretion, mitochondrial ROS production, MAPK, and Syk activation induced by heme. Inhibition of TNF production could be mimicked by zinc ionophore quercetin, but not by primaquine, a chloroquine analog with low affinity for heme. IL-6 and IL-1β secretions induced by heme in the presence of PRRs agonists were inhibited by chloroquine, but not by calcium chelator BAPTA or inhibitor of endosomal acidification concamycin B. Chloroquine also protected mice from heme inflammatory effects in vivo, inhibiting lethal synergism with PRR agonists, lung pathology caused by heme injection after intratracheal instillation of Poly-IC, and delaying death after rhabdomyolisis. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that chloroquine might be used as a supportive therapy to control heme-induced deleterious inflammation in different hemolytic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institut Necker Enfants Malades. INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Paris, France; Laboratório Intermediário de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Tan
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Aparecida Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Beatriz Prestes
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institut Necker Enfants Malades. INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Pereira Gomes
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreza Moreira Gama
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lagerblad de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Neto Paiva
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benedicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades. INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Paris, France
| | - Marcelo Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Neves Borgheti-Cardoso L, San Anselmo M, Lantero E, Lancelot A, Serrano JL, Hernández-Ainsa S, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Sierra T. Promising nanomaterials in the fight against malaria. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9428-9448. [PMID: 32955067 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than one hundred years, several treatments against malaria have been proposed but they have systematically failed, mainly due to the occurrence of drug resistance in part resulting from the exposure of the parasite to low drug doses. Several factors are behind this problem, including (i) the formidable barrier imposed by the Plasmodium life cycle with intracellular localization of parasites in hepatocytes and red blood cells, (ii) the adverse fluidic conditions encountered in the blood circulation that affect the interaction of molecular components with target cells, and (iii) the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of most antimalarial drugs, which have an amphiphilic character and can be widely distributed into body tissues after administration and rapidly metabolized in the liver. To surpass these drawbacks, rather than focusing all efforts on discovering new drugs whose efficacy is quickly decreased by the parasite's evolution of resistance, the development of effective drug delivery carriers is a promising strategy. Nanomaterials have been investigated for their capacity to effectively deliver antimalarial drugs at local doses sufficiently high to kill the parasites and avoid drug resistance evolution, while maintaining a low overall dose to prevent undesirable toxic side effects. In recent years, several nanostructured systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles or dendrimers have been shown to be capable of improving the efficacy of antimalarial therapies. In this respect, nanomaterials are a promising drug delivery vehicle and can be used in therapeutic strategies designed to fight the parasite both in humans and in the mosquito vector of the disease. The chemical analyses of these nanomaterials are essential for the proposal and development of effective anti-malaria therapies. This review is intended to analyze the application of nanomaterials to improve the drug efficacy on different stages of the malaria parasites in both the human and mosquito hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Neves Borgheti-Cardoso
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain and Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María San Anselmo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elena Lantero
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain and Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Lancelot
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Silvia Hernández-Ainsa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and ARAID Foundation, Government of Aragón, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain and Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhanot A, Sundriyal S. Physicochemical Profiling and Comparison of Research Antiplasmodials and Advanced Stage Antimalarials with Oral Drugs. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6424-6437. [PMID: 33718733 PMCID: PMC7948433 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the property space of antimalarials, we collated a large dataset of research antiplasmodial (RAP) molecules with known in vitro potencies and advanced stage antimalarials (ASAMs) with established oral bioavailability. While RAP molecules are "non-druglike", ASAM molecules display properties closer to Lipinski's and Veber's thresholds. Comparison within the different potency groups of RAP molecules indicates that the in vitro potency is positively correlated to the molecular weight, the calculated octanol-water partition coefficient (clog P), aromatic ring counts (#Ar), and hydrogen bond acceptors. Despite both categories being bioavailable, the ASAM molecules are relatively larger and more lipophilic, have a lower polar surface area, and possess a higher count of heteroaromatic rings than oral drugs. Also, antimalarials are found to have a higher proportion of aromatic (#ArN) and basic nitrogen (#BaN) counts, features implicitly used in the design of antimalarial molecules but not well studied hitherto. We also propose using descriptors scaled by the sum of #ArN and #BaN (SBAN) to define an antimalarial property space. Together, these results may have important applications in the identification and optimization of future antimalarials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritansh Bhanot
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus,
Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Sandeep Sundriyal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus,
Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ortiz S, Vásquez-Ocmín PG, Cojean S, Bouzidi C, Michel S, Figadère B, Grougnet R, Boutefnouchet S, Maciuk A. Correlation study on methoxylation pattern of flavonoids and their heme-targeted antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Dodd EL, Tazoo D, Bohle DS. Solution and Solid State Correlations of Antimalarial Drug Actions: NMR and Crystallographic Studies of Drug Interactions with a Heme Model. Inorg Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solution NMR has been used in tandem with a diamagnetic non-iron heme model compound as a simple and effective tool to rapidly probe the structures of the bound complexes formed between the metalloporphyrin and antimalarial drugs from the 4-aminoquinoline, 4-methylenehydroxylquinoline, and 8-aminoquinoline subfamilies. The ability of gallium(III) protoporphyrin IX to mimic heme chemistry is exploited. The 4-aminoquinolines quinacrine and amodiaquine and two novel 3-halo chloroquine analogues are found to bind to the metalloporphyrin through hydrogen-bonding and stacking interactions, while halofantrine and the 4-methylenehydroxylquinolines, quinine and mefloquine bind through the alcohol group of the drug. In each case, detailed structural information is available from the NMR assessment. The mefloquine model is confirmed crystallographically. The 8-aminoquinoline primaquine does not interact strongly. These tools show promise for future applications in assessing antimalarials in preclinical development for heme-binding drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Dodd
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, H3A OB8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dagobert Tazoo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, H3A OB8, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, H3A OB8, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Golden EB, Cho HY, Hofman FM, Louie SG, Schönthal AH, Chen TC. Quinoline-based antimalarial drugs: a novel class of autophagy inhibitors. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E12. [PMID: 25727221 DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.focus14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Chloroquine (CQ) is a quinoline-based drug widely used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. More recent studies have provided evidence that this drug may also harbor antitumor properties, whereby CQ possesses the ability to accumulate in lysosomes and blocks the cellular process of autophagy. Therefore, the authors of this study set out to investigate whether CQ analogs, in particular clinically established antimalaria drugs, would also be able to exert antitumor properties, with a specific focus on glioma cells. METHODS Toward this goal, the authors treated different glioma cell lines with quinine (QN), quinacrine (QNX), mefloquine (MFQ), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death, autophagy, and cell death. RESULTS All agents blocked cellular autophagy and exerted cytotoxic effects on drug-sensitive and drug-resistant glioma cells with varying degrees of potency (QNX > MFQ > HCQ > CQ > QN). Furthermore, all quinoline-based drugs killed glioma cells that were highly resistant to temozolomide (TMZ), the current standard of care for patients with glioma. The cytotoxic mechanism involved the induction of apoptosis and ER stress, as indicated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and CHOP/GADD153. The induction of ER stress and resulting apoptosis could be confirmed in the in vivo setting, in which tumor tissues from animals treated with quinoline-based drugs showed increased expression of CHOP/GADD153, along with elevated TUNEL staining, a measure of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the antimalarial compounds investigated in this study hold promise as a novel class of autophagy inhibitors for the treatment of newly diagnosed TMZ-sensitive and recurrent TMZ-resistant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Encouse B Golden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kuter D, Benjamin SJ, Egan TJ. Multiple spectroscopic and magnetic techniques show that chloroquine induces formation of the μ-oxo dimer of ferriprotoporphyrin IX. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 133:40-9. [PMID: 24480793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of the antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) with ferriprotoporphyrin IX, Fe(III)PPIX, was investigated in aqueous solution (pH7.4) and as a precipitate from aqueous medium at pH5.0. In solution, spectrophotometric titrations indicated strong association (logKobs 13.3±0.2) and a Job plot gave a stoichiometry of 1:2 CQ:Fe(III)PPIX. UV-visible absorbance and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the complex were compared to various Fe(III)PPIX species. Close similarity to the spectra of the μ-oxo dimer, μ-[Fe(III)PPIX]2O, was revealed. The induction of this species by CQ was confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements using the Evans NMR method. The observed low-magnetic moment (2.25±0.02 μB) could only be attributed to antiferromagnetically coupled Fe(III) centers. The value was comparable to that of μ-[Fe(III)PPIX]2O (2.0±0.1 μB). In the solid-state, mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of CQ in the complex. Dissolution of this solid in aqueous solution (pH7.4) resulted in a solution with a UV-visible spectrum consistent with the same 1:2 stoichiometry observed in the Job plot. Magnetic susceptibility measurements made on the solid using an Evans balance produced a magnetic moment (2.3±0.1 μB) consistent with that in solution. Diffusion coefficients of CQ and its complex with Fe(III)PPIX were measured in aqueous solution (3.3±0.3 and 0.6±0.2×10(-10) m(2)·s(-1), respectively). The latter was used in conjunction with an empirical relationship between diffusion coefficient and molar volume to estimate the degree of aggregation. The findings suggest the formation of a 2:4 CQ:Fe(III)PPIX complex in aqueous solution at pH7.4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kuter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Stefan J Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Timothy J Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gorka AP, de Dios A, Roepe PD. Quinoline drug-heme interactions and implications for antimalarial cytostatic versus cytocidal activities. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5231-46. [PMID: 23586757 DOI: 10.1021/jm400282d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the most successful molecular target for antimalarial drugs has been heme biomineralization within the malarial parasite digestive vacuole. Heme released from catabolized host red blood cell hemoglobin is toxic, so malarial parasites crystallize heme to nontoxic hemozoin. For years it has been accepted that a number of effective quinoline antimalarial drugs (e.g., chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine) function by preventing hemozoin crystallization. However, recent studies over the past decade have revealed a surprising molecular diversity in quinoline-heme molecular interactions. This diversity shows that even closely related quinoline drugs may have quite different molecular pharmacology. This paper reviews the molecular diversity and highlights important implications for understanding quinoline antimalarial drug resistance and for future drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, and Center for Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Egan TJ. Interactions of quinoline antimalarials with hematin in solution. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:916-26. [PMID: 16384600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and related compounds are believed to act by targeting ferriprotoporphyrin IX (Fe(III)PPIX) in the form of hematin (H(2)O/HO-Fe(III)PPIX), its mu-oxo dimer ([Fe(III)PPIX](2)O) or crystalline beta-hematin ([Fe(III)PPIX](2)) in the malaria parasite. Fe(III)PPIX is formed when the parasite digests host hemoglobin during its intraerythrocytic blood stage. This has led to a number of studies on the interaction of Fe(III)PPIX with quinoline antimalarials and related compounds. This article reviews the spectroscopy, thermodynamics and structures of Fe(III)PPIX-quinoline complexes in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
In order that malaria be successfully contained, it is important that one has a clear understanding of the normal physiology and biochemistry of the parasite essential to its survival in its human host. Until very recently, the conventional approaches to antimalarial chemotherapy have consistently been plagued with the uncanny ability of the parasite to evolve resistance to drugs. The recently discovered plasmodial fatty acid biosynthetic pathway as well as its inhibition by triclosan that classifies it as belonging to type II, provide with a very crucial breakthrough to the crusade against malaria. How triclosan could tilt the balance in favor of the human hosts of the malarial parasite in a malarial condition is discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hildebrand A, Garidel P, Neubert R, Blume A. Thermodynamics of demicellization of mixed micelles composed of sodium oleate and bile salts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:320-328. [PMID: 15743073 DOI: 10.1021/la035526m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to determine the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the thermodynamic parameters associated with the demicellization of sodium oleate (NaO) and mixed micelles composed of the bile salt (BS) sodium cholate (NaC) or sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), respectively, and NaO at a molar ratio of 5:2. The influence of the ionic strength (pure water and 0.1 M NaCl at pH 7.5) as well as that of the temperature (10-70 degrees C) were analyzed. For NaO, two cmc's were detected, indicating a two-step aggregation process, whereas only one cmc was observed for the two BSs. A single aggregation mechanism is also evident for the demicellization of mixed micelles (BS/NaO 5:2). Increasing the ionic strength induces the well-known decrease of the cmc. The cmc shows a minimum at room temperature. The cmc(mix) of the mixed micelles was analyzed using models assuming an ideal or nonideal mixing behavior of both detergents. The thermodynamic parameters describing the enthalpy (deltaHdemic), entropy (deltaSdemic), and Gibbs energy change (deltaGdemic), as well as the change in heat capacity (deltaCp,demic) for demicellization, were obtained from one ITC experiment. From the temperature dependence of deltaHdemic, the change of the hydrophobic surface area of the detergents from the micellar into the aqueous phase was derived. In all cases, the deltaCp,demic values are positive. In addition, the temperature dependence of the size of the formed aggregates was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS indicated two populations of aggregates in the mixed system, small primary micelles (0.5-2 nm), and larger aggregates with a hydrodynamic radius in the range of 50-150 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Hildebrand
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lima PC, Avery MA, Tekwani BL, de Alves HM, Barreiro EJ, Fraga CAM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives designed as mefloquine analogues. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2002; 57:825-32. [PMID: 12420878 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and the in vitro antimalarial profile of two new imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives 4HCl and 13HCl, structurally proposed as mefloquine (1) analogues, by exploring bioisosterism and molecular simplification tools. The synthetic route employed to access the title compounds used, as starting material, the previously described ethyl 2-methylimidazo[1,2-aJpyridine-3-carboxylate derivative (5). These novel heterocyclic derivatives 4HCl and 13HCl presented modest antimalarial activity against the W-2 and D-6 clones of Plasmodium falciparum as well as inhibitors of in vitro heme polymerization compared to mefloquine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Sintese de Substâncias Bioativas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Menezes CMS, Sant'Anna CMR, Rodrigues CR, Barreiro EJ. Molecular modeling of novel 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives designed as isosters of the antimalarial mefloquine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(01)00677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
Leavitt S, Freire E. Direct measurement of protein binding energetics by isothermal titration calorimetry. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2001; 11:560-6. [PMID: 11785756 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Of all the techniques that are currently available to measure binding, isothermal titration calorimetry is the only one capable of measuring not only the magnitude of the binding affinity but also the magnitude of the two thermodynamic terms that define the binding affinity: the enthalpy (AH) and entropy (AS) changes. Recent advances in instrumentation have facilitated the development of experimental designs that permit the direct measurement of arbitrarily high binding affinities, the coupling of binding to protonation/deprotonation processes and the analysis of binding thermodynamics in terms of structural parameters. Because isothermal titration calorimetry has the capability to measure different energetic contributions to the binding affinity, it provides a unique bridge between computational and experimental analysis. As such, it is increasingly becoming an essential tool in molecular design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Leavitt
- Department of Biology and Biocalorimetry Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|