1
|
Influence of inorganic and organic counter-cations on the surface properties and self-assembly of cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
2
|
Pinkas D, Fišer R, Kozlík P, Dolejšová T, Hryzáková K, Konopásek I, Mikušová G. Bacillus subtilis cardiolipin protects its own membrane against surfactin-induced permeabilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
3
|
Lamsal BP, Patra P, Sharma R, Green CC. Production of Non-Toxic Biosurfactant – Surfactin – Through Microbial Fermentation of Biomass Hydrolysates for Industrial and Environmental Applications. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The economically viable large-scale production of the pure isoforms of the surfactin biosurfactants, involving bacterial – Bacillus subtilis – fermentation of biomass hydrolysate feedstock, relies on the types of bacterial strains, optimization of the fermentation processing parameters, differences in the composition of the carbon and nitrogen in the bacterial media, and the chromatography techniques used for isolation of the isoforms. Here, we biosynthesized the surfactin isoforms in their mixture forms through fermentation of biomass hydrolysates at 2 wt.% carbohydrate content. The surfactin isoforms were assessed for their surface-active properties and toxicity. The enzyme hydrolysates considered were from switchgrass, soyhull (fiber), alfalfa, and bagasse. The isoform mixtures obtained after fermentation of the hydrolysates and, glucose as a control, were concentrated using chromatography columns, and characterized for molecular weights (MWs) and relative distribution using LCMS. The isoform mixtures, obtained in different fermenters (5- and 15-L) and, for different hydrolysates, invariably constituted 5 isoforms with MWs as 992.6, 1006.6, 1020.6, 1034.6, 1048.6, 1062.6 m/z amu, with their relative proportions as 6, 24, 35, 24, and 10 weight % respectively. The surface tension values of all these isoforms, in the absence of electrolytes and at 12 ppt salinity, were similar: 37 (pH 6.5) and 31 (pH 9.5) mN/m. Furthermore, the emulsification index values for the isoforms were also similar: Dispersant-to-Oil ratio as 1:20. The LC50 for Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis for these surfactin isoforms ranged between 10 and 20 mg/L; a microbially-produced surfactin variant FA-Glu (Fatty acid Glutamate) was least toxic with LC50 at ∼100 mg/L. Thus, the surfactin synthesis approach adopted here suggested that pure (>95 wt.%) non-toxic isoforms of surfactin biosurfactants can be produced in the forms of their mixtures with surface-active properties similar to those of the pure forms of the surfactin isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi P. Lamsal
- Iowa State University , Food Science and Human Nutrition, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA , 50011
| | - Pathra Patra
- Columbia University , Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 W. 120th St., 918 Mudd, New York , NY 10027
| | - Rajat Sharma
- Iowa State University , Food Science and Human Nutrition, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA , 50011
| | - Christopher C. Green
- Louisiana State University Agriculture Center , School of Renewable Natural Resources, 227 Renewable Natural Resources Building, Baton Rouge, LA , 70803
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rautenbach M, Vlok NM, Eyéghé-Bickong HA, van der Merwe MJ, Stander MA. An Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study on the "In Vacuo" Hetero-Oligomers Formed by the Antimicrobial Peptides, Surfactin and Gramicidin S. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1623-1637. [PMID: 28560564 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It was previously observed that the lipopeptide surfactants in surfactin (Srf) have an antagonistic action towards the highly potent antimicrobial cyclodecapeptide, gramicidin S (GS). This study reports on some of the molecular aspects of the antagonism as investigated through complementary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry techniques. We were able to detect stable 1:1 and 2:1 hetero-oligomers in a mixture of surfactin and gramicidin S. The noncovalent interaction between GS and Srf, with the proposed equilibrium: GS~Srf↔GS+Srf correlated to apparent K d values of 6-9 μM in gas-phase and 1 μM in aqueous solution. The apparent K d values decreased with a longer incubation time and indicated a slow oligomerization equilibrium. Furthermore, the low μM K dapp values of GS~Srf↔GS+Srf fell within the biological concentration range and related to the 2- to 3-fold increase in [GS] needed for bacterial growth inhibition in the presence of Srf. Competition studies indicated that neither Na+ nor Ca2+ had a major effect on the stability of preformed heterodimers and that GS in fact out-competed Ca2+ and Na+ from Srf. Traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry revealed near symmetrical peaks of the heterodimers correlating to a compact dimer conformation that depend on specific interactions. Collision-induced dissociation studies indicated that the peptide interaction is most probably between one Orn residue in GS and the Asp residue, but not the Glu residue in Srf. We propose that flanking hydrophobic residues in both peptides stabilize the antagonistic and inactive peptide hetero-oligomers and shield the specific polar interactions in an aqueous environment. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rautenbach
- BIOPEP® Peptide Group, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa.
| | - N Maré Vlok
- BIOPEP® Peptide Group, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
| | - Hans A Eyéghé-Bickong
- BIOPEP® Peptide Group, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marthinus J van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
- LCMS Central Analytical Facility, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marietjie A Stander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
- LCMS Central Analytical Facility, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taira T, Yanagisawa S, Nagano T, Tsuji T, Endo A, Imura T. pH-induced conformational change of natural cyclic lipopeptide surfactin and the effect on protease activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:382-387. [PMID: 28551572 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic lipopeptide surfactin (SF) is one of the promising environmental friendly biosurfactants abundantly produced by microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis. SF shows excellent surface properties at various pH, together with lower toxicity and higher biodegradability than commonly used petroleum-based surfactants. However, the effect of the dissociation degree of SF on self-assembly is still incompletely understood, even though two acidic amino acid residues (Asp and Glu) are known to influence eventual surface and biological functions. Here, we report changes in the secondary structure of SF induced by increased pH, and the effect on protease activity. We found that the β-sheet and β-turn formation of SF are significantly enhanced through increased dissociation of Asp and Glu as revealed by a titration experiment of SF solution to estimate apparent pK1 and pK2 values together with circular dichroism spectroscopy. We also studied the activity of the common detergent enzyme subtilisin in SF solution at above its pK2 (pH 7.6) to understand the role of the dissociation degree in the interaction with the protein. The mixing of SF having a unique cyclic topological feature with subtilisin suppressed the decrease in protease activity observed in the presence of synthetic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. Thus, SF has great potential for use in laundry detergent formulations, to improve the stability and reliability of detergent enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Taira
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Satohiro Yanagisawa
- New Business Development Division, Kaneka Corporation, 2-3-18, Nakanoshima, Kita ku, Osaka 530-8288, Japan
| | - Takuto Nagano
- New Business Development Division, Kaneka Corporation, 2-3-18, Nakanoshima, Kita ku, Osaka 530-8288, Japan
| | - Tadao Tsuji
- New Business Development Division, Kaneka Corporation, 2-3-18, Nakanoshima, Kita ku, Osaka 530-8288, Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imura
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goussous SA, Casford MTL, Murphy AC, Salmond GPC, Leeper FJ, Davies PB. Structure of the Fundamental Lipopeptide Surfactin at the Air/Water Interface Investigated by Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5072-5077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Goussous
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - M. T. L. Casford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - A. C. Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - G. P. C. Salmond
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - F. J. Leeper
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - P. B. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Structure and mode of action of cyclic lipopeptide pseudofactin II with divalent metal ions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:498-506. [PMID: 27416562 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of natural lipopeptide pseudofactin II with a series of doubly charged metal cations was examined by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and molecular modelling. The molecular modelling for metal-pseudofactin II provides information on the metal-peptide binding sites. Overall, Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) favor the association with oxygen atoms spanning the peptide backbone, whereas Cu(2+) is coordinated by three nitrogens. Circular dichroism (CD) results confirmed that Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) can disrupt the secondary structure of pseudofactin II at high concentrations, while Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) did not essentially affect the structure of the lipopeptide. Interestingly, our results showed that the addition of Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) helped smaller micelles to form larger micellar aggregates. Since pseudofactin II binds metals, we tested whether this phenomena was somehow related to its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus mirabilis. We found that the antimicrobial effect of pseudofactin II was increased by supplementation of culture media with all tested divalent metal ions. Finally, by using Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria we showed that the higher antimicrobial activity of metal complexes of pseudofactin II is attributed to the disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wan C, Chen S, Wen L, Liu X, Lee DJ, Yang X. Biosynthesis, characterization and potentiality of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus flexus S1 without inductive carbon sources. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17510d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study newly isolated a bacterial stain ofBacillus flexusS1 which had abilities of synthesizing lipopeptides without any inductive operations, and thus it could effectively save operational procedures or cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chemical structure, property and potential applications of biosurfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis in petroleum recovery and spill mitigation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4814-37. [PMID: 25741767 PMCID: PMC4394451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides produced by microorganisms are one of the five major classes of biosurfactants known and they have received much attention from scientific and industrial communities due to their powerful interfacial and biological activities as well as environmentally friendly characteristics. Microbially produced lipopeptides are a series of chemical structural analogues of different families and, among them, 26 families covering about 90 lipopeptide compounds have been reported in the last two decades. This paper reviews the chemical structural characteristics and molecular behaviors of surfactin, one of the representative lipopeptides of the 26 families. In particular, two novel surfactin molecules isolated from cell-free cultures of Bacillus subtilis HSO121 are presented. Surfactins exhibit strong self-assembly ability to form sphere-like micelles and larger aggregates at very low concentrations. The amphipathic and surface properties of surfactins are related to the existence of the minor polar and major hydrophobic domains in the three 3-D conformations. In addition, the application potential of surfactin in bioremediation of oil spills and oil contaminants, and microbial enhanced oil recovery are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shao C, Liu L, Gang H, Yang S, Mu B. Structural diversity of the microbial surfactin derivatives from selective esterification approach. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1855-72. [PMID: 25599527 PMCID: PMC4307338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactin originated from genus Bacillus is composed of a heptapeptide moiety bonded to the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of a β-hydroxy fatty acid and it can be chemically modified to prepare the derivatives with different structures, owing to the existence of two free carboxyl groups in its peptide loop. This article presents the chemical modification of surfactin esterified with three different alcohols, and nine novel surfactin derivatives have been separated from products by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The novel derivatives, identified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), are the mono-hexyl-surfactin C14 ester, mono-hexyl-surfactin C15 ester, mono-2-methoxy-ethyl-surfactin C14 ester, di-hexyl-surfactin C14 ester, di-hexyl-surfactin ester C15, di-2-methoxy-ethyl-surfactin ester C14, di-2-methoxy-ethyl-surfactin ester C15, di-6-hydoxyl-hexyl-surfactin C14 ester and, di-6-hydoxyl-hexyl-surfactin C15 ester. The reaction conditions for esterification were optimized and the dependence of yields on different alcohols and catalysts were discussed. This study shows that esterification is one of the most efficient ways of chemical modification for surfactin and it can be used to prepare more derivatives to meet the needs of study in biological and interfacial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hongze Gang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Shizhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bozhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rangarajan V, Dhanarajan G, Sen R. Improved performance of cross-flow ultrafiltration for the recovery and purification of Ca2+ conditioned lipopeptides in diafiltration mode of operation. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Marti ME, Colonna WJ, Patra P, Zhang H, Green C, Reznik G, Pynn M, Jarrell K, Nyman JA, Somasundaran P, Glatz CE, Lamsal BP. Production and characterization of microbial biosurfactants for potential use in oil-spill remediation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 55:31-9. [PMID: 24411443 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two biosurfactants, surfactin and fatty acyl-glutamate, were produced from genetically-modified strains of Bacillus subtilis on 2% glucose and mineral salts media in shake-flasks and bioreactors. Biosurfactant synthesis ceased when the main carbohydrate source was completely depleted. Surfactin titers were ∼30-fold higher than fatty acyl-glutamate in the same medium. When bacteria were grown in large aerated bioreactors, biosurfactants mostly partitioned to the foam fraction, which was recovered. Dispersion effectiveness of surfactin and fatty acyl-glutamate was evaluated by measuring the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR). The CMC values for surfactin and fatty acyl-glutamate in double deionized distilled water were 0.015 and 0.10 g/L, respectively. However, CMC values were higher, 0.02 and 0.4 g/L for surfactin and fatty acyl-glutamate, respectively, in 12 parts per thousand Instant Ocean®[corrected].sea salt, which has been partly attributed to saline-induced conformational changes in the solvated ionic species of the biosurfactants. The DORs for surfactin and fatty acyl-glutamate were 1:96 and 1:12, respectively, in water. In Instant Ocean® solutions containing 12 ppt sea salt, these decreased to 1:30 and 1:4, respectively, suggesting reduction in oil dispersing efficiency of both surfactants in saline. Surfactant toxicities were assessed using the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, which is common in estuarine habitats of the Gulf of Mexico. Surfactin was 10-fold more toxic than fatty acyl-glutamate. A commercial surfactant, sodium laurel sulfate, had intermediate toxicity. Raising the salinity from 5 to 25 ppt increased the toxicity of all three surfactants; however, the increase was the lowest for fatty acyl-glutamate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Marti
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - W J Colonna
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - P Patra
- Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10091, USA
| | - H Zhang
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - C Green
- Aquaculture Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - G Reznik
- Modular Genetics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Pynn
- Modular Genetics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - K Jarrell
- Modular Genetics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J A Nyman
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - P Somasundaran
- Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10091, USA
| | - C E Glatz
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - B P Lamsal
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roy A, Mahata D, Paul D, Korpole S, Franco OL, Mandal SM. Purification, biochemical characterization and self-assembled structure of a fengycin-like antifungal peptide from Bacillus thuringiensis strain SM1. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:332. [PMID: 24312083 PMCID: PMC3836021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An antifungal lipopeptide fengycin, producing strain SM1 was isolated from farm land soil sample and identified as Bacillus thuringiensis strain SM1 by using 16S rDNA analysis. Fengycin detected in the culture extract was further purified using HPLC and showed a molecular mass of 1492.8 Da by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Purified fengycin was allowed to construct their self-assembled structure onto a hydrophobic surface showing a clear improvement of antibacterial activity. In self-assembly, fengycin adapts a spherical micelle core shell like structure. Self-assembled fengycin may be a successful antimicrobial compound modifying its action from confined antifungal function. Besides it can open up a new area of research in supramolecular lipopeptide based compound making. This can revealed the mode of action of this unique self-assembled structure to fully evaluate its potential for use as an antimicrobial drug to control the emergence of bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Roy
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nasir MN, Laurent P, Flore C, Lins L, Ongena M, Deleu M. Analysis of calcium-induced effects on the conformation of fengycin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 110:450-457. [PMID: 23588300 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fengycin is a natural lipopeptide with antifungal and eliciting properties and able to inhibit the activity of phospholipase A2. A combination of CD, FT-IR, NMR and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques was applied to elucidate its conformation in a membrane-mimicking environment and to investigate the effect of calcium ions on it. We mainly observed that fengycin adopts a turn conformation. Our results showed that calcium ions are bound by the two charged glutamates. The calcium binding has an influence on the fengycin conformation and more particularly, on the environment of the tyrosine residues. The modulation of the fengycin conformation by the environmental conditions may influence its biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nail Nasir
- Unité de Chimie biologique industrielle, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
An inexpensive strategy for facilitated recovery of metals and fermentation products by foam fractionation process. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 104:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Zhao Y, Yang SZ, Mu BZ. Kinetic modeling of esterification reaction of surfactin-C₁₅ in methanol solution. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23179284 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Surfactin in methanol solution with acid would be spontaneously esterified into the mono- or dimethyl ester surfactin even at a temperature as low as 4 °C because there were two free carboxyl groups in the peptide loop of surfactin. Using trifluoroacetic acid as the catalyst, the esterification and the contents change in surfactin-C(15), mono- and dimethyl ester surfactin-C(15) with time were investigated at 4, 25, and 45 °C, respectively. The kinetic model was established for prediction of the esterification degree under experimental conditions. At 4, 25, and 45 °C, more than 10 % of the surfactin-C(15) in methanol solution in the presence of 0.05 % trifluoroacetic acid was changed into the esterified surfactin-C(15) after 37.6, 14.1, and 7.4 h, respectively. The maximum of intermediate of the mono-methyl ester surfactin-C(15) was observed at 4, 25, and 45 °C after 25, 10, and 5 days, respectively. Our results indicated that the time for preparation should be strictly controlled to avoid an unexpected esterification of surfactin during its storage and experimental treatment, and the kinetic results could be adopted as the reference condition for preparation of monomethyl ester surfactin-C(15).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Déjugnat C, Diat O, Zemb T. Surfactin Self-Assembles into Direct and Reverse Aggregates in Equilibrium and Performs Selective Metal Cation Extraction. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2138-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
18
|
Shen HH, Lin TW, Thomas RK, Taylor DJF, Penfold J. Surfactin Structures at Interfaces and in Solution: The Effect of pH and Cations. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4427-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Materials Science and Engineering, CSIRO, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Tsung-Wu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, 181 Taichung-Kang Road Sec.3, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Robert K. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Diana J. F. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Jeffrey Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- ISIS, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zou A, Liu J, Garamus VM, Yang Y, Willumeit R, Mu B. Micellization Activity of the Natural Lipopeptide [Glu1, Asp5] Surfactin-C15 in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:2712-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908675s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, and GKSS Research Center, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, and GKSS Research Center, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Vasil M. Garamus
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, and GKSS Research Center, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, and GKSS Research Center, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, and GKSS Research Center, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Bozhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, and GKSS Research Center, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Zou AH, Ye RQ, Mu BZ. Counterion-Induced Changes to the Micellization of Surfactin-C16 Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:15272-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9062862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Hua Zou
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Qiang Ye
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu XY, Yang SZ, Mu BZ. Production and characterization of a C15-surfactin-O-methyl ester by a lipopeptide producing strain Bacillus subtilis HSO121. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Shen HH, Thomas RK, Chen CY, Darton RC, Baker SC, Penfold J. Aggregation of the naturally occurring lipopeptide, surfactin, at interfaces and in solution: an unusual type of surfactant? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4211-4218. [PMID: 19714837 DOI: 10.1021/la802913x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutron reflectometry has been used to study the structure of the biosurfactant, surfactin, at the air/water and at the hydrophobic solid/water interfaces. Three different deuterated surfactins were produced from the Bacillus subtilis strain: one perdeuterated, one with the four leucines perdeuterated, and one with everything except the four leucines perdeuterated. The neutron reflectivity profiles of these three samples in null reflecting water and in D20 with a seventh profile of the protonated surfactin in D2O were measured at pH 7.5. This combination of different isotopic compositions made it possible to deduce the distribution of each type of labeled fragment in the surfactin. Surfactin is found to adopt a ball-like structure with a thickness of 14 +/- A and an area per molecule of 147 +/- 5 A2. This makes it more like a hydrophobic nanoparticle, whose solubility in water is maintained only by its charge, than a conventional surfactant. This is probably what makes it surface-active at such low concentrations and what contributes to its forming very compact surface layers that are more dense than observed for most conventional amphiphiles. The reflectivity data were fitted by a model in which the structure of surfactin was divided into three fragments: the four leucines taken as a group, the hydrocarbon chain, and a hydrophilic group containing the two negative charges. An analysis of the reflectivity gave the following separations between fragments, where zero corresponds to the Gibbs plane for zero water adsorption: chain-water 7 A, hydrophile-water 1 A, and leucines-water 6.5 A, all +/- 1 A. The overall structure of the layer appears to be identical at a hydrophobic octadecyltrichlorosilane-coated silicon surface where the thickness of the surfactin layer is 15 +/- 1 A and the area per molecule is 145 +/- 5 A2. Finally, the structure of surfactin micelles has been examined by means of small-angle neutron scattering. The aggregation number was found to be unusually small at 20 +/- 5. The structure of the micelle is of the core-shell type with the hydrocarbon chain and the four hydrophobic leucines forming the core of the micelle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Shen
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han Y, Huang X, Cao M, Wang Y. Micellization of Surfactin and Its Effect on the Aggregate Conformation of Amyloid β(1-40). J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15195-201. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805966x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Han
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsan P, Volpon L, Besson F, Lancelin JM. Structure and dynamics of surfactin studied by NMR in micellar media. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1968-77. [PMID: 17256853 DOI: 10.1021/ja066117q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The NMR structure of the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin from Bacillus subtilis was determined in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solution. The two negatively charged side chains of surfactin form a polar head opposite to most hydrophobic side chains, accounting for its amphiphilic nature and its strong surfactant properties. Disorder was observed around the fatty acid chain, and 15N relaxation studies were performed to investigate whether it originates from a dynamic phenomenon. A very large exchange contribution to transverse relaxation rate R(2) was effectively observed in this region, indicating slow conformational exchange. Temperature variation and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) delay variation relaxation studies provided an estimation of the apparent activation energy around 35-43 kJ x mol(-1) and an exchange rate of about 200 ms(-1) for this conformational exchange. 15N relaxation parameters were also recorded in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles and DMSO. Similar chemical exchange around the fatty acid was found in DPC but not in DMSO, which demonstrates that this phenomenon only occurs in micellar media. Consequently, it may either reflect the disorder observed in our structures determined in SDS or originate from an interaction of the lipopeptide with the detergent, which would be qualitatively similar with an anionic (SDS) or a zwitterionic (DPC) detergent. These structural and dynamics results on surfactin are the first NMR characterization of a lipopeptide incorporated in micelles. Moreover, they provide a model of surfactin determined in a more biomimetic environment than an organic solvent, which could be useful for understanding the molecular mechanism of its biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tsan
- Université Claude Bernard--Lyon 1, Sciences Analytiques ANABIO, CNRS UMR 5180, Bâtiment CPE-Lyon, Domaine Scientifique de la Doua, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The dynamics of surfactin, a lipopeptide surfactant from Bacillus subtilis, has been studied by molecular dynamics at different interfacial concentrations in a water-hexane medium reproducing a hydrophilic/hydrophobic biphasic system. The shapes and orientations of surfactin molecules, as hydrogen bonds and Ramachandran angles, have been recorded to investigate the environment effect on the molecular structure. We demonstrate that the peptidic backbone can exhibit a large flexibility and that conformational motions and structural fluctuations depend strongly on the interfacial concentration. Moreover, we have measured the surface activity of this biosurfactant by computing the interfacial tension and lateral and rotational diffusion coefficients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Nicolas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vass E, Hollósi M, Besson F, Buchet R. Vibrational spectroscopic detection of beta- and gamma-turns in synthetic and natural peptides and proteins. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1917-54. [PMID: 12744696 DOI: 10.1021/cr000100n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elemér Vass
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1518 Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, Hungary
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bortolato M, Besson F, Roux B. An infrared study of the thermal and pH stabilities of the GPI-alkaline phosphatase from bovine intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292:874-9. [PMID: 11944895 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) from bovine intestine mucosa (BIAP) is a homodimeric metalloenzyme, which hydrolyses nonspecifically phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH with release of inorganic phosphate and alcohol. BIAP is either soluble (sBIAP) or membrane-anchored by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety (GPI-BIAP). This anchor might have some contribution in the stabilization of the GPI-linked protein structure. Our purpose was to study the role of the anchor by using two parameters, the enzymatic activity and the protein conformation, which was analyzed by using FTIR spectroscopy. We determined that the two forms of BIAP show some similarities with the previously described structure of alkaline phosphatase isolated from Escherichia coli and human placenta. Meanwhile GPI-BIAP and sBIAP exhibit similar specific activities, the presence of the anchor increases the thermal and pH stabilities of the enzyme activity and conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Bortolato
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Biologique, UMR-CNRS 5013, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 43, Villeurbanne Cedex, F-69622, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|