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Park M, Lee Y, Khan A, Aleta P, Cho Y, Park H, Park YH, Kim S. Metabolite tracking to elucidate the effects of environmental pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 376:112-124. [PMID: 31128390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether behavioral tests and metabolic profiling of organisms can be promising alternatives for assessing the health of aquatic systems. Water samples from four potential pollution sources in South Korea were collected for toxicity evaluation. First, conventional acute toxicity test in Daphnia magna and behavioral test in zebrafish was conducted to assess water quality. Second, metabolomic analysis was performed on zebrafish exposed to water samples and on environmental fish collected from the same source. Acute toxicity test in D. magna showed that none of the water samples exerted significant adverse effects. However, activity of zebrafish larvae exposed to samples from the zinc smelter (ZS) and industrial complex (IND) sites decreased compared to those exposed to samples from the reference site (RS). Metabolomic analysis using the Manhattan plot and Partial Least Square (PLS)/Orthogonal PLS Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) showed differences in metabolic profiles between RS and ZS, and between IND and abandoned mine site (M). Interestingly, applying the same metabolomic analysis to environmental fish revealed patterns similar to those for zebrafish, despite the uncontrollable variables involved in environmental sampling. This study shows that metabolomics is a promising tool in assessing the health of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseung Park
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseung Lee
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Adnan Khan
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Prince Aleta
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunchul Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youngja Hwang Park
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea.
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Bourdineaud JP, Gonzalez-Rey M, Rovezzi M, Glatzel P, Nagy KL, Manceau A. Divalent Mercury in Dissolved Organic Matter Is Bioavailable to Fish and Accumulates as Dithiolate and Tetrathiolate Complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4880-4891. [PMID: 30719924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater cyprinid Tanichthys albonubes was used to assess the bioavailability of divalent mercury (Hg(II)) complexed in dissolved organic matter (DOM) to fish. The fish acquired 0.3 to 2.2 μg Hg/g dry weight after 8 weeks in aquaria containing DOM from a Carex peat with complexed mercury at initial concentrations of 14 nM to 724 nM. Changes in the relative proportions of dithiolate Hg(SR)2 and nanoparticulate β-HgS in the DOM, as quantified by high energy-resolution XANES (HR-XANES) spectroscopy, indicate that Hg(SR)2 complexes either produced by microbially induced dissolution of nanoparticulate β-HgS in the DOM or present in the original DOM were the forms of mercury that entered the fish. In the fish with 2.2 μg Hg/g, 84 ± 8% of Hg(II) was bonded to two axial thiolate ligands and one or two equatorial N/O electron donors (Hg[(SR)2+(N/O)1-2] coordination), and 16% had a Hg(SR)4 coordination, as determined by HR-XANES. For comparison, fish exposed to Hg2+ from 40 nM HgCl2 contained 10.4 μg Hg/g in the forms of dithiolate (20 ± 10%) and tetrathiolate (23 ± 10%) complexes, and also Hg xS y clusters (57 ± 15%) having a β-HgS-type local structure and a dimension that exceeded the size of metallothionein clusters. There was no evidence of methylmercury in the fish or DOM within the 10% uncertainty of the HR-XANES. Together, the results indicate that inorganic Hg(II) bound to DOM is a source of mercury to biota with dithiolate Hg(SR)2 complexes as the immediate species bioavailable to fish, and that these complexes transform in response to cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 2 rue Escarpit , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Rey
- Laboratoire EPOC , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 33120 Arcachon , France
| | - Mauro Rovezzi
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) , 71 Rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) , 71 Rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Kathryn L Nagy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , MC-186, 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Alain Manceau
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS , 38000 Grenoble , France
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Sivula L, Vehniäinen ER, Karjalainen AK, Kukkonen JVK. Toxicity of biomining effluents to Daphnia magna: Acute toxicity and transcriptomic biomarkers. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:304-311. [PMID: 30005352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing metal consumption is driving the introduction of new techniques such as biomining to exploit low grade ores. The biomining impacts notably aquatic ecosystems, yet, the applicability of ecotoxicological tests to study the complex mixture effects of mining waters is insufficiently understood. The aim of the present work was to test if transcriptomic biomarkers are suitable and sensitive for the ecotoxicity assessment of biomining affected waters. The study site had been affected by a multimetal biomine, and the studied water samples formed a concentration gradient of contamination downstream from the biomining site. Cadmium and nickel were used as positive controls in the toxicity tests. Selected transcriptomic biomarkers, previously shown to be differentially regulated by metals, were used to evaluate the ecotoxicity of the water samples. Parallel samples were used to compare the transcriptomic biomarkers with the conventional acute D. magna toxicity test. In the acute test, one sample was acutely toxic to D. magna, when pH was adjusted according to the standard, whereas, in the native pH, three samples caused total immobility. Monooxygenase was up-regulated by the highest concentration of Cd in control samples and three of the water samples. Vtg-SOD was up-regulated by one of the water samples, and catalase by the second highest concentration of Cd. The results show that transcriptomic biomarkers in D. magna can be used as sensitive bioindicators for metal mixture toxicity assessment in complex environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Sivula
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Anna K Karjalainen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Jussi V K Kukkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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He E, Qiu H, Qiu R, Rentenaar C, Devresse Q, Van Gestel CAM. Time-dependent uptake and toxicity of nickel to Enchytraeus crypticus in the presence of humic acid and fulvic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3019-3027. [PMID: 28574657 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the influence of different fractions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the uptake and toxicity of nickel (Ni) in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus after different exposure times. The addition of DOC as humic acid or fulvic acid significantly reduced Ni uptake by E. crypticus in the soil-solution test system. Median lethal effect concentrations were calculated based on total dissolved Ni concentrations (LC50[Ni]), free Ni ion activity (LC50{Ni2+ }), and Ni body concentrations (LC50Body-Ni ). The LC50[Ni] values increased with increasing DOC levels and decreased with exposure time (4, 7, and 10 d). Humic acid exerted a greater protective effect on Ni toxicity than fulvic acid, but the protective effects decreased with prolonged exposure time. The LC50{Ni2+ } values also decreased with exposure time but were almost constant with variation in DOC levels, indicating that the protective effect of DOC is mainly through complexation with free Ni ions to reduce Ni bioavailability. The LC50Body-Ni value was independent of DOC concentration and exposure time, with an estimated overall value of 22.1 µg/g dry weight. The present study shows that body concentration could serve as an effective indicator for predicting Ni toxicity with variations in the exposure environment (e.g., DOC) and exposure time. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3019-3027. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlotte Rentenaar
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin Devresse
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim I, Lee BT, Kim HA, Kim KW, Kim SD, Hwang YS. Citrate coated silver nanoparticles change heavy metal toxicities and bioaccumulation of Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 143:99-105. [PMID: 26188498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrate-coated AgNPs (c-AgNPs) have negatively charged surfaces and their surface interactions with heavy metals can affect metal toxicity in aquatic environments. This study used Daphnia magna to compare the acute toxicities and bioaccumulation of As(V), Cd, and Cu when they interact with c-AgNPs. The 24-h acute toxicities of As(V) and Cu were not affected by the addition of c-AgNPs, while bioaccumulation significantly decreased in the presence of c-AgNPs. In contrast, both the 24-h acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd increased in the presence of c-AgNPs. These toxicity and bioaccumulation trends can be attributed to the interactions between the AgNP surface and the heavy metals. As(V) and c-AgNPs compete by negative charge, decreasing As(V) toxicity. Copper adheres readily to c-AgNP citrate, decreasing Cu bioavailability, and thus reducing Cu toxicity and bioaccumulation. Citrate complexes with divalent cations such as Ca and Mg reduce the competition between divalent cations and Cd on biotic ligand, increasing toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd. This study shows that surface properties determine the effect of c-AgNPs on heavy metal toxicities and bioaccumulations; hence, further studies on the effect of nanoparticle by it surface properties are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injeong Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chemdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Tae Lee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chemdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-A Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chemdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woong Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chemdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Don Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chemdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sik Hwang
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
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6
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Billoir E, Delhaye H, Forfait C, Clément B, Triffault-Bouchet G, Charles S, Delignette-Muller ML. Comparison of bioassays with different exposure time patterns: the added value of dynamic modelling in predictive ecotoxicology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 75:80-86. [PMID: 21889211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare Daphnia magna responses to cadmium between two toxicity experiments performed in static and flow-through conditions. As a consequence of how water was renewed, the two experiments were characterised by two different exposure time patterns for daphnids, time-varying and constant, respectively. Basing on survival, growth and reproduction, we addressed the questions of organism development and sensitivity to cadmium. Classical analysis methods are not designed to deal with the time dimension and therefore not suitable to compare effects of different exposure time patterns. We used instead a dynamic modelling framework taking all timepoints and the time course of exposure into account, making comparable the results obtained from our two experiments. This modelling framework enabled us to detect an improvement of organism development in flow-through conditions compared to static ones and infer similar sensitivity to cadmium for both exposure time patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Billoir
- Pôle de Recherche ROVALTAIN en Toxicologie Environnementale et Ecotoxicologie, Valence Cedex 9, France.
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Penttinen S, Malk V, Väisänen A, Penttinen OP. Using the critical body residue approach to determine the acute toxicity of cadmium at varying levels of water hardness and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1151-1155. [PMID: 21481932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The linkage between acute adverse effects of cadmium and internal cadmium levels were investigated for the oligochaete worm Lumbriculus variegatus in water at varying degrees of hardness and two different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. The LC₅₀s for the effect of cadmium on the survival of the worms greatly differed depending on water hardness and DOC. We found less variability in internal metal toxicity metrics (lethal residue; LR₅₀s) than in external toxicity metrics (lethal concentration; LC₅₀s): LC₅₀s varied from 2.4 to 66.1 μmol/L, while LR₅₀s varied only from 226 to 413 μmol/kg wet weight. The cadmium body burden appeared to be independent of exposure conditions. From our experimental data, a critical cadmium body residue (324 ± 78 μmol/kg wet weight) associated with 50% lethality was derived. The protective role of DOC and water hardness against cadmium toxicity was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Penttinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Lahti, Finland
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8
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Billoir E, Delhaye H, Clément B, Delignette-Muller ML, Charles S. Bayesian modelling of daphnid responses to time-varying cadmium exposure in laboratory aquatic microcosms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:693-702. [PMID: 21056469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to test the effects of cadmium on five aquatic species in 2-L indoor freshwater/sediment microcosms. Experimental data were collected over 21 days in static conditions, i.e. the microcosms evolved without water renewal. Because of speciation, the total cadmium concentration in water decreased with time. Here we present a focus on Daphnia magna responses. For the three life history traits we considered (survival, growth and reproduction), mathematical effect models were built based on threshold stress functions involving no effect concentrations (NECs). These models took the time-varying conditions of exposure into account through a time-recurrent formalism. Within a Bayesian framework, four kinds of data were fitted simultaneously (exposure, survival, growth and reproduction), using an appropriate error model for each endpoint. Hence, NECs were determined as well as their associated estimation uncertainty. Through this modelling approach, we demonstrate that thresholds for stress functions can be successfully inferred even in experimental setup more complex than standard bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Billoir
- Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Hu X, Chen Q, Jiang L, Yu Z, Jiang D, Yin D. Combined effects of titanium dioxide and humic acid on the bioaccumulation of cadmium in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1151-1158. [PMID: 21376439 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and humic acid (HA) on the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Zebrafish were investigated. Experimental data on the equilibrium Cd bioaccumulation suggest that only the dissolved Cd effectively contributed to Cd bioaccumulation in HA solutions whereas both the dissolved and TiO2 associated Cd were accumulated in TiO2 or the mixture of HA and TiO2 solutions, due likely to the additional intestine uptake of the TiO2-bound Cd. The equilibrium Cd bioaccumulation in the mixed system was comparable to that in the corresponding HA solutions, and significantly lower than that in the corresponding TiO2 solutions (n=3, p<0.05). The presence of either HA or TiO2 (5-20 mg L(-1)) in water slightly increased the uptake rate constants of Cd bioaccumulation whereas combining HA and TiO2 reduced the uptake rate constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Källqvist T. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of cadmium to the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an artificial growth medium and nutrient-spiked natural lake waters. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:277-283. [PMID: 19184742 DOI: 10.1080/15287390802539368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cadmium (Cd) on the growth rate of the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was investigated at three different levels of water hardness in an artificial growth medium and in three nutrient spiked, Norwegian natural soft lake waters. The lake water with the lowest levels of hardness and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (Lake Byglandsfjorden) showed the highest toxicity attributed to Cd. In water from this lake without addition of calcium and artificial chelators, the EC50 for inhibition of growth rate was 9.4 microg Cd/L and EC10 was 2.8 microg Cd/L. When the hardness of the waters was increased by addition of calcium the adverse effects of Cd were in general reduced. In all tested media, the concentration/effect slope was reduced with increasing hardness. This led to a higher effect of hardness on EC50 than EC10.
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Rizzo L, Di Gennaro A, Gallo M, Belgiorno V. Coagulation/chlorination of surface water: A comparison between chitosan and metal salts. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Soetaert A, Vandenbrouck T, van der Ven K, Maras M, van Remortel P, Blust R, De Coen WM. Molecular responses during cadmium-induced stress in Daphnia magna: integration of differential gene expression with higher-level effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 83:212-22. [PMID: 17582521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2006] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA microarrays offer great potential in revealing insight into mechanistic toxicity of contaminants. The aim of the present study was (i) to gain insight in concentration- and time-dependent cadmium-induced molecular responses by using a customized Daphnia magna microarray, and (ii) to compare the gene expression profiles with effects at higher levels of biological organization (e.g. total energy budget and growth). Daphnids were exposed to three cadmium concentrations (nominal value of 10, 50, 100microg/l) for two time intervals (48 and 96h). In general, dynamic expression patterns were obtained with a clear increase of gene expression changes at higher concentrations and longer exposure duration. Microarray analysis revealed cadmium affected molecular pathways associated with processes such as digestion, oxygen transport, cuticula metabolism and embryo development. These effects were compared with higher-level effects (energy budgets and growth). For instance, next to reduced energy budgets due to a decline in lipid, carbohydrate and protein content, we found an up-regulated expression of genes related to digestive processes (e.g. alpha-esterase, cellulase, alpha-amylase). Furthermore, cadmium affected the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in molecular pathways associated with immune response, stress response, cell adhesion, visual perception and signal transduction in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Soetaert
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Burnison BK, Meinelt T, Playle R, Pietrock M, Wienke A, Steinberg CEW. Cadmium accumulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eggs is modulated by dissolved organic matter (DOM). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 79:185-91. [PMID: 16854477 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to investigate factors influencing the accumulation of cadmium (Cd(2+)) into zebrafish (Danio rerio) eggs. The accumulation of (109)Cd was affected by: (1) concentration, (2) time, (3) presence of dissolved organic material (DOM), (4) different origin of DOM and (5) different parts of fish eggs. Over a 5-h exposure, zebrafish eggs showed a steady increase in Cd-accumulation. DOM-concentrations over 15ppm carbon (C) decreased Cd-uptake significantly. Both samples of DOM, brown water marsh (LM) and a eutrophic pond (SP), at 16.9ppmC, reduced the Cd-accumulation in the chorion, perivitelline liquid and the embryo. Cd was mainly accumulated in the egg's outer shell chorion (61%) and only small amounts passed through the chorion into the perivitelline liquid (38%) and embryo (1%). In the presence of LM-DOM, the accumulation of Cd into the egg components was decreased by 43% (chorion), 52% (perivitelline liquid) and 52% (embryo), respectively, compared with the control group. Similarly, the presence of SP-DOM reduced the Cd-accumulation by 29% (chorion), 61% (perivitelline liquid) and 60% (embryo), respectively, compared with the controls. DOM-concentration should be taken into consideration when determining ecotoxicological effects of Cd on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kent Burnison
- Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada.
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Pan JF, Wang WX. Influences of dissolved and colloidal organic carbon on the uptake of Ag, Cd, and Cr by the marine mussel Perna viridis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 129:467-477. [PMID: 15016467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The cross-flow ultrafiltration and radiotracer techniques were used to study the influences of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colloidal organic carbon (COC) on the bioavailability of Ag, Cd, and Cr to the green mussel Perna viridis. We examined the uptake of these metals by the mussels at different concentrations of DOC and COC from different origins (estuarine, coastal, and diatom decomposed). Using the DOC originating from the decomposed diatom (Thalassiosira pseudonana), we demonstrated that Cd and Cr uptake, quantified by the concentration factor (DCF), increased linearly with increasing DOC concentration. There was, however, no consistent influence of natural DOC concentration on the metal uptake when the DOC was obtained from different sources of seawater (coastal and estuarine). The influences of COC on metal bioavailability were metal-specific and dependent on the geochemical properties of colloids and colloid-metal complexation. Cd uptake rate was not influenced by the COC concentrations. Uptake of diatom-decomposed colloidal Cr was enhanced by 3.4x, whereas the uptake of diatom-decomposed colloidal Ag was decreased by 8.2x compared with the uptake of low molecular weight Cr and Ag (<1 kDa). The uptake of diatom-decomposed colloidal Cr and Ag was generally lower than the uptake of metals bound with the same type of colloids for 2 days. Further aging of the colloid-metal binding reduced metal bioavailability to the mussels. In the presence of different sizes of colloidal particles where there was no major binding of colloids with the metals, metal uptake by the mussels was not influenced by different COC concentrations. Overall, our study suggests that although metal dissociation from colloids may be an important step for the uptake of colloidal metals, other mechanisms such as pinocytosis and co-transport may also be involved in the uptake of these metals, especially in aquatic environments with high DOC and COC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fen Pan
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Van Ginneken L, Bervoets L, Blust R. Bioavailability of Cd to the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in the presence of humic acid. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2001; 52:13-27. [PMID: 11163427 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(00)00134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of cadmium by the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, was studied in chemically defined freshwater in the absence and presence of commercial humic acid. This was done to evaluate whether the cadmium uptake by carp in the presence of humic acid was related to the ambient Cd2+ -ion activity or whether the complexed metal also contributed to the uptake. Uptake of Cd during a 3-h period of exposure was used as a measure of the biological availability of the metal. The uptake rate data for Cd in total fish and gills obtained in the absence (control) and presence (treatment) of humic acid were analyzed using a Michaelis-Menten model for mediated transport. The Michaelis-Menten parameters KM and Vmax obtained in the control and the treatment experiment were compared for each of the two investigated carp compartments (total fish and gills). The model parameter estimates for Cd uptake by total carp in the treatment experiment (KM = 0.41 +/- 0.11 micromol l(-1); Vmax = 0.66 +/- 0.13 micromol kg(-1) h(-1)) were not significantly different from the model parameters in the control experiment (KM = 0.34+/-0.06 micromol l(-1); Vmax = 0.58+/-0.07 micromol kg(-1) h(-1)) on the basis of Welch's approximate t-test. Similarly, the Michaelis-Menten model parameter estimates for Cd uptake by carp gills in the treatment experiment (KM = 0.15 +/- 0.06 micromol l(-1); Vmax = 5.14 +/- 1.07 micromol kg(-1) h(-1)) were not significantly different from the model parameters derived from the control experiment (KM =0.27 +/- 0.09 micromol l(-1); Vmax = 7.63+/-1.38 micromol kg(-1) h(-1)). This indicated that the Cd uptake rate by total carp and in carp gills in the presence of commercial humic acid followed the measured variations in Cd2+ -ion activity as predicted by the control experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Ginneken
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (RUCA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Pereira AM, Soares AM, Gonçalves F, Ribeiro R. Water-column, sediment, and in situ chronic bioassays with cladocerans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2000; 47:27-38. [PMID: 10993700 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2000.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In situ bioassays are becoming very popular for laboratory test validation and field extrapolation. Natural conditions, including environmental variables, affect the "behavior" of contaminants and, consequently, their toxicity. This work aimed to develop protocols for in situ chronic bioassays with cladocerans and to assess the ecological relevance of conventional protocols for laboratory testing (water-column and sediment). An aquatic system impacted with acid mine drainage was chosen for the study. At some stations that were contaminated with heavy metals, water-column bioassays did not reveal any toxicity, while sediment and, especially in situ bioassays, revealed a delay in reproduction and a reduction in fertility. Thus, both laboratory bioassays underestimated the actual toxicity of studied sites: sediment, besides being an important contaminant source, became significantly altered with sampling, transport, storage, and manipulation. Therefore, an extra caution is needed when interpreting laboratory results, since the extrapolation to natural systems could be a very problematic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pereira
- Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Instituto do Ambiente e Vida, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal
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17
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Nogami EM, Kimura CC, Rodrigues C, Malagutti AR, Lenzi E, Nozaki J. Effects of dietary cadmium and its bioconcentration in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2000; 45:291-295. [PMID: 10702349 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The administration of cadmium, as food supplement, its bioaccumulation, and the effects on the development of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. The average size and weight and its behavior compared with controls were investigated during the period January 31, 1997, until March 31, 1999. At intervals of 60 days the measurements of size and weight were performed, and the concentration of cadmium in feces, water, muscular tissue, and viscera were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The initial average cadmium concentration in food was 5 mg small middle dotkg(-1) and only after 6 months a small effect on size and weight could be observed. With increases in cadmium concentration to 50 mg small middle dotkg(-1), beginning after the 7th month, and 100 mg small middle dotkg(-1) after the 16th month, a clear difference in size and weight and also in behavior could be observed. An LC(50) value of 40 mg small middle dotkg(-1) was observed after the 23rd month.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Nogami
- Ecology of Aquatic and Continental Environments-UEM, Maringa-PR, Brazil
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18
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Sauvant MP, Pepin D, Guillot J. Effects of humic substances and phenolic compounds on the in vitro toxicity of aluminium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 1999; 44:47-55. [PMID: 10499988 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of natural chelators [humic acids (HA), caffeic acid (CFA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), protocatechuic acid (PA), vanillic acid (VA), salicylic acid (SA), and 4-hydroxyacetophenone (HY)] and effects of well-known chelators [EDTA and citric acid (CA)] on the in vitro toxicity of aluminium (Al) were investigated with the L-929 murine, Vero simian, and MRC-5 human cell lines. Moderate in vitro cytotoxic effects were induced by Al on the three cell lines (IC(50) values ranking from 5.6 to 7.6 mM). Furthermore, an increased toxicity was observed when Al was concurrently administered with CA, SA, VA, PCA, and HY. Inversely, significant cytoprotective effects were noted with EDTA, HA, CFA, and PA. The role of chelators, and especially the position and the number of reactive moieties of the phenolic compounds tested, can be highlighted to explain the different toxicological Al behavior observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sauvant
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Environnement et Santé Publique, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, 63001, France
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19
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de Conto Cinier C, Petit-Ramel M, Faure R, Garin D, Bouvet Y. Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART C, PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY 1999; 122:345-52. [PMID: 10336095 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(98)10132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) were tested for cadmium accumulation and elimination during and after a simulated pollution exposure. Fish were distributed in two 1000-l indoor concrete aquaria supplied with a continuous flow (8 l min(-1)) of well water. The cadmium concentration was maintained at 53 microg l(-1) in one aquarium and 443 microg l(-1) in the other aquarium for 127 days. The exposure phase was followed by a 43-day depuration period. The cadmium accumulation in liver, kidney and muscle was measured by means of ICP-MS. The data showed that cadmium exposure produces significant cadmium uptake in tissues. Cadmium concentrations increased sharply in kidney and liver, whereas the pollutant level in muscle was only significant after 106 days. After 127 days of Cd exposure (53 microg l(-1)), the cadmium concentration in kidney was 4-fold higher than in liver and 50-fold higher than in muscle for a toxic level of 53 microg l(-1). At a Cd of 443 microg l(-1), kidney cadmium content was 2-fold higher than in liver and 100-fold higher than in muscle. In kidney and liver, the toxic concentration increased as the concentration of pollutant in water increased. During the 43 depuration days, the loss of accumulated cadmium was rapid and immediate in muscle. Conversely, no loss of cadmium was observed in kidney and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Conto Cinier
- Chimie Analytique 2, LICAS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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20
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Lores EM, Snyder RA, Pennock JR. The effect of humic acid on uptake/adsorption of copper by a marine bacterium and two marine ciliates. CHEMOSPHERE 1999; 38:293-310. [PMID: 10901656 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of humic acid (HA) on Cu uptake by a bacterium and two bacterivorus ciliates was investigated. The presence of HA resulted in a statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease in Cu associated with bacteria that were exposed to 67 microg Cu L(-1). Complexation of Cu appears to lower the availability of Cu with respect to bacterial cell surface binding and uptake. For ciliates, 10 mg HA L(-1) significantly reduced uptake of Cu by Uronema, but did not reduce uptake of Cu by Pleuronema. Uronema exposed to 67 microg Cu L(-1) accumulated 54% less Cu when 10 mg HA L(-1) was present (0.50 pg ciliate(-1) vs 0.23 pg ciliate(-1)). Uronema feeding on V. natriegens, took up less than half as much Cu as unfed Uronema when exposed to Cu without HA (0.41 pg Cu fed ciliate(-1) vs 0.86 pg Cu unfed ciliate(-1), but only 40% less when exposed to Cu and HA (0.31 pg Cu fed ciliate(-1) vs 0.51 pg Cu unfed ciliate(-1)). The lower % reduction attributable to fed ciliates in the presence of HA suggests that some of the Cu associated with HA is available through trophic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lores
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
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21
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Horn NM, Thomas AL. Interactions between the histidine stimulation of cadmium and zinc influx into human erythrocytes. J Physiol 1996; 496 ( Pt 3):711-8. [PMID: 8930838 PMCID: PMC1160858 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Histidine (2-40 mM) stimulated cadmium uptake into human erythrocytes incubated in the presence of 1% bovine serum albumin to ensure that the free, ionic cadmium concentration was low. 2. The histidine-stimulated cadmium uptake correlated with the calculated concentration of the cadmium-bis-histidine complex rather than the cadmium-mono-histidine complex or free ionic cadmium. 3. The histidine stimulation of cadmium uptake was saturable and stereospecific. D-Histidine (10 mM) had no effect. 4. Cadmium and zinc were both able to inhibit 65Zn2+ uptake into erythrocytes incubated in the presence of 40 mM L-histidine. The relationships between the percentage inhibition of 65Zn2+ uptake and the calculated concentrations of cadmium-bis-histidine and zinc-bis-histidine were very similar, which suggests that the metal histidine complexes compete for a common transport mechanism. 5. Pretreatment of the erythrocytes with N-ethylmaleimide using a protocol which is known to inhibit the system y+ amino acid transport mechanism had no effect on the histidine stimulation of metal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Horn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Southampton, UK.
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