1
|
Kuah E, Toh S, Yee J, Ma Q, Gao Z. Enzyme Mimics: Advances and Applications. Chemistry 2016; 22:8404-30. [PMID: 27062126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme mimics or artificial enzymes are a class of catalysts that have been actively pursued for decades and have heralded much interest as potentially viable alternatives to natural enzymes. Aside from having catalytic activities similar to their natural counterparts, enzyme mimics have the desired advantages of tunable structures and catalytic efficiencies, excellent tolerance to experimental conditions, lower cost, and purely synthetic routes to their preparation. Although still in the midst of development, impressive advances have already been made. Enzyme mimics have shown immense potential in the catalysis of a wide range of chemical and biological reactions, the development of chemical and biological sensing and anti-biofouling systems, and the production of pharmaceuticals and clean fuels. This Review concerns the development of various types of enzyme mimics, namely polymeric and dendrimeric, supramolecular, nanoparticulate and proteinic enzyme mimics, with an emphasis on their synthesis, catalytic properties and technical applications. It provides an introduction to enzyme mimics and a comprehensive summary of the advances and current standings of their applications, and seeks to inspire researchers to perfect the design and synthesis of enzyme mimics and to tailor their functionality for a much wider range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kuah
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Seraphina Toh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Jessica Yee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaturvedi KS, Hung CS, Giblin DE, Urushidani S, Austin AM, Dinauer MC, Henderson JP. Cupric yersiniabactin is a virulence-associated superoxide dismutase mimic. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:551-61. [PMID: 24283977 PMCID: PMC3934373 DOI: 10.1021/cb400658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many Gram-negative bacteria interact
with extracellular metal ions
by expressing one or more siderophore types. Among these, the virulence-associated
siderophore yersiniabactin (Ybt) is an avid copper chelator, forming
stable cupric (Cu(II)-Ybt) complexes that are detectable in infected
patients. Here we show that Ybt-expressing E. coli are protected from intracellular killing within copper-replete phagocytic
cells. This survival advantage is highly dependent upon the phagocyte
respiratory burst, during which superoxide is generated by the NADPH
oxidase complex. Chemical fractionation links this phenotype to a
previously unappreciated superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity
of Cu(II)-Ybt. Unlike previously described synthetic copper-salicylate
(Cu(II)-SA) SOD mimics, the salicylate-based natural product Cu(II)-Ybt
retains catalytic activity at physiologically plausible protein concentrations.
These results reveal a new virulence-associated adaptation based upon
spontaneous assembly of a non-protein catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri S. Chaturvedi
- Center
for Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, ‡Division of Infectious
Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, ∥Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pediatrics, and #Department of Pathology
and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Chia S. Hung
- Center
for Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, ‡Division of Infectious
Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, ∥Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pediatrics, and #Department of Pathology
and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Daryl E. Giblin
- Center
for Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, ‡Division of Infectious
Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, ∥Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pediatrics, and #Department of Pathology
and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Saki Urushidani
- Center
for Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, ‡Division of Infectious
Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, ∥Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pediatrics, and #Department of Pathology
and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Anthony M. Austin
- Center
for Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, ‡Division of Infectious
Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, ∥Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pediatrics, and #Department of Pathology
and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Center
for Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, ‡Division of Infectious
Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, ∥Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pediatrics, and #Department of Pathology
and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jeffrey P. Henderson
- Center
for Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, ‡Division of Infectious
Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, ∥Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pediatrics, and #Department of Pathology
and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease encompasses a large group of chronic lung disorders associated with excessive tissue remodeling, scarring, and fibrosis. The evidence of a redox imbalance in lung fibrosis is substantial, and the rationale for testing antioxidants as potential new therapeutics for lung fibrosis is appealing. Current animal models of lung fibrosis have clear involvement of ROS in their pathogenesis. New classes of antioxidant agents divided into catalytic antioxidant mimetics and antioxidant scavengers are being developed. The catalytic antioxidant class is based on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and includes the manganese-containing macrocyclics, porphyrins, salens, and the non-metal-containing nitroxides. The antioxidant scavenging class is based on endogenous antioxidant molecules and includes the vitamin E analogues, thiols, lazaroids, and polyphenolic agents. Numerous studies have shown oxidative stress to be associated with many interstitial lung diseases and that these agents are effective in attenuating fibroproliferative responses in the lung of animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Day
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Torque C, Sueur B, Cabou J, Bricout H, Hapiot F, Monflier E. Substrate-selective aqueous organometallic catalysis. How small water-soluble organic molecules enhance the supramolecular discrimination. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|