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Huang J, Ito Y, Kobune M, Sasaki K, Nakamura K, Dehari H, Takahashi K, Ikeda K, Uchida H, Kato K, Hamada H. Myocardial injection of CA promoter-based plasmid mediates efficient transgene expression in rat heart. J Gene Med 2003; 5:900-908. [PMID: 14533199 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although naked plasmid injection is the safest and most convenient method for gene delivery, a major limitation of this approach is currently poor transgene expression. The CA promoter (chicken beta-actin promoter with cytomegalovirus, CMV, enhancer) is one of the strongest transcriptional control modules found; however, it is uncertain whether a CA promoter-based vector is efficient enough for naked gene therapy in a cardiovascular context. METHODS The beta-galactosidase (LacZ) expression provided by CA promoter plasmid (pCAZ2) injection into the skeletal muscle or the heart of Lewis rats was compared with CMV promoter plasmid or adenoviral vector (AxCAZ3). The effect of Simian virus 40 of the replication origin (SV40ori) deletion from pCAZ2 on transgene expression was also evaluated. RESULTS pCAZ2 showed the highest LacZ expression in both skeletal muscle and heart in comparison with the CMV promoter-based vector 5 days after naked plasmid injection. LacZ expression in the heart obtained using 20 micro g of pCAZ2 was almost equivalent to that shown with AxCAZ3 at 6.0 x 10(9) optical particle units. The time course of transgene expression driven by CMV and CA promoters in the heart were similar, with the CA promoter providing significantly higher gene expression than the CMV promoter across all time points examined. SV40ori deletion from pCAZ2 did not affect transgene expression in either skeletal muscle or heart. CONCLUSIONS Transgene expression mediated by naked CA promoter-based plasmid injection was shown to be quite efficient in the heart. We propose that the CA promoter vector is suitable for myocardial gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobune
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Hironari Dehari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Uchida
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hamada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
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Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant myopathy associated with deletions of a subtelomeric repeat (D4Z4). A reduction in D4Z4 copy number coincides with increased expression of neighboring 4q35 genes, implying a normal repressive role for the repeats. Here we examine the effect of increasing D4Z4 repeat number on reporter gene activity in C2C12 cells. Repeat size had only a minor cis-effect on reporter gene activity but greatly compromised myotube formation. This latter trans-effect did not result from expression of a gene within the repeat (DUX4) but likely results from squelching of the D4Z4 recognition complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Yip
- Molecular Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6
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Garefalaki A, Coles M, Hirschberg S, Mavria G, Norton T, Hostert A, Kioussis D. Variegated expression of CD8 alpha resulting from in situ deletion of regulatory sequences. Immunity 2002; 16:635-47. [PMID: 12049716 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The developmental and subset-specific expression of the CD8 genes is under the control of a complex array of regulatory elements distributed along the locus and characterized by DNaseI hypersensitivity. Here we describe the phenotype of mice in which hypersensitive sites 1 and 2 (HSS1 and 2) of DNaseI hypersensitive Cluster II (CII), which are located upstream of the CD8 alpha gene, were deleted by targeted homologous recombination of the endogenous locus. Knockout mice exhibit a variegated expression of the CD8 alpha gene, particularly among the immature CD4(+)8(+) TCR(lo) thymocyte population. We propose that HSS Cluster II regulatory elements are essential in ensuring initiation of chromatin remodeling and establishment of an open configuration in all developing thymocytes that undergo the double-negative to double-positive transition. Furthermore, these sequences contribute to the levels of expression of the CD8 alpha gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garefalaki
- National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
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