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Pleiotropic effects of BDNF on the cerebellum and hippocampus: Implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105606. [PMID: 34974125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most studied neurotrophins in the mammalian brain, essential not only to the development of the central nervous system but also to synaptic plasticity. BDNF is present in various brain areas, but highest levels of expression are seen in the cerebellum and hippocampus. After birth, BDNF acts in the cerebellum as a mitogenic and chemotactic factor, stimulating the cerebellar granule cell precursors to proliferate, migrate and maturate, while in the hippocampus BDNF plays a fundamental role in synaptic transmission and plasticity, representing a key regulator for the long-term potentiation, learning and memory. Furthermore, the expression of BDNF is highly regulated and changes of its expression are associated with both physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the BDNF biology and its neurotrophic role in the proper development and functioning of neurons and synapses in two important brain areas of postnatal neurogenesis, the cerebellum and hippocampus. Dysregulation of BDNF expression and signaling, resulting in alterations in neuronal maturation and plasticity in both systems, is a common hallmark of several neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder, suggesting that neuronal malfunction present in these disorders is the result of excessive or reduced of BDNF support. We believe that the more the relevance of the pathophysiological actions of BDNF, and its downstream signals, in early postnatal development will be highlighted, the more likely it is that new neuroprotective therapeutic strategies will be identified in the treatment of various neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Suga Y, Yoshimoto K, Numata S, Shimodera S, Takamura S, Kamimura N, Sawada K, Kazui H, Ohmori T, Morinobu S. Structural variation in the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in Japanese patients with bipolar disorders. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 40:46-51. [PMID: 31769621 PMCID: PMC7292225 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lithium is the first‐line drug for the treatment of bipolar disorders (BDs); however, not all patients responded. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a role in the therapeutic action of lithium. Since structural variations were reported in these genes, it is possible that these genomic variations may be involved in the therapeutic responses to lithium. Method Fifty patients with BDs and 50 healthy subjects (mean age 55.0 ± 15.0 years; M/F 19/31) participated. We examined structural variation of the GSK3β and BDNF genes by real‐time PCR. We examined the influence of structural variation of these genes on the therapeutic responses to lithium and the occurrence of antidepressant‐emergent affective switch (AEAS). The efficacy of lithium was assessed using the Alda scale, and AEAS was evaluated using Young Mania Rating Scale. Results Although we examined structural variations within intron II and VII of the GSK3® gene and from the end of exon IV to intron IV and within exon IX of the BDNF gene, no structural variation was found in BDs. Whereas 5 of 50 patients exhibited three copies of the genomic region within exon IV of the BDNF gene, all healthy subjects had two copies. No difference in the therapeutic efficacy of lithium was found between patients with three and two copies. No difference in the occurrence of AEAS was found between the two groups. Conclusion The amplification of the BDNF gene influenced neither the therapeutic responses to lithium nor the occurrence of AEAS. Five of 50 patients with bipolar disorders exhibited three copies of the genomic region within exon IV of the BDNF gene. But, 50 healthy subjects had two copies. This amplification did not affect the therapeutic responses to lithium.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Suga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | | | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoto Kamimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Ken Sawada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.,KOKORONO Support Center, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Ike, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kazui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morinobu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science and Social Welfare, KIBI International University, Takahashi, Japan
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Guillemot F, Cerutti I, Auffray C, Devignes MD. A transgenic mouse model engineered to investigate human brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vivo. Transgenic Res 2007; 16:223-37. [PMID: 17225071 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-006-9060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an attractive component for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Innovative non-invasive therapeutic approaches involve appropriate pharmacological induction of endogenous BDNF synthesis in brain. A transgenic mouse model has been established to study human BDNF gene expression and permit the screening of compounds capable of stimulating its activity. A 145-kb yeast artificial chromosome carrying the human BDNF gene has been engineered to produce the transgene which contains the extended BDNF promoter and 3' flanking regions and has integrated the enhanced green fluorescent protein (E-GFP) coding sequence in place of the BDNF coding exon. Five transgenic lines have been obtained through microinjection of the YAC into fertilized mouse oocytes. From the three lines expressing the transgene, one displays the specific pattern of BDNF expression. Faithful tissue-restricted transcription of BDNF 5' exons and localization of the fluorescent reporter gene product in the expected brain subregions are reported. This line constitutes an exploitable system for investigating human BDNF gene regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Guillemot
- Genexpress, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biologie Systémique pour la Santé, CNRS et Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, LGN, UMR 7091, 7 rue Guy Moquet, BP8, 94801 Villejuif, France
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Murer MG, Yan Q, Raisman-Vozari R. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the control human brain, and in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2001; 63:71-124. [PMID: 11040419 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a small dimeric protein, structurally related to nerve growth factor, which is abundantly and widely expressed in the adult mammalian brain. BDNF has been found to promote survival of all major neuronal types affected in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, like hippocampal and neocortical neurons, cholinergic septal and basal forebrain neurons, and nigral dopaminergic neurons. In this article, we summarize recent work on the molecular and cellular biology of BDNF, including current ideas about its intracellular trafficking, regulated synthesis and release, and actions at the synaptic level, which have considerably expanded our conception of BDNF actions in the central nervous system. But our primary aim is to review the literature regarding BDNF distribution in the human brain, and the modifications of BDNF expression which occur in the brain of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Our knowledge concerning BDNF actions on the neuronal populations affected in these pathological states is also reviewed, with an aim at understanding its pathogenic and pathophysiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Murer
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay.
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Hawi Z, Straub RE, O'Neill A, Kendler KS, Walsh D, Gill M. No linkage or linkage disequilibrium between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and schizophrenia in Irish families. Psychiatry Res 1998; 81:111-6. [PMID: 9858028 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that a neurodevelopmental process is accountable for at least a proportion of schizophrenic cases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of a group of proteins that includes neurotrophin-3/4/5 and nerve growth factor (NGF), is an attractive candidate gene. We have performed a case control association study using the BDNF dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in a sample of familial schizophrenic individuals and in healthy, ethnically matched control subjects. We also performed a linkage analysis on 265 multiplex families using the same marker. We found no differences in allele frequencies between the patient and control groups nor any evidence for transmission disequilibrium or linkage with the multiply affected families. We conclude that DNA variation at or near the BDNF gene is unlikely to contribute to the genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hawi
- Department of Psychiatry and Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Meddeb M, Danglot G, Chudoba I, Vénuat AM, Bénard J, Avet-Loiseau H, Vasseur B, Le Paslier D, Terrier-Lacombe MJ, Hartmann O, Bernheim A. Additional copies of a 25 Mb chromosomal region originating from 17q23.1-17qter are present in 90% of high-grade neuroblastomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1996; 17:156-65. [PMID: 8946194 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199611)17:3<156::aid-gcc3>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma shows remarkable heterogeneity, ranging from spontaneous regression to progression toward highly malignant tumors. In search of genetic abnormalities that could explain this variability, we have characterized neuroblastoma tumors by using multiple fluorescent hybridizations. Our results indicate that chromosome 17 is rearranged very frequently in the form of unbalanced translocations with numerous chromosomal partners, all leading to the presence of supernumerary copies of a 25 Mb chromosomal region originating from 17q23.1-qter. Additional 17q material was detected in more than 90% of untreated high-grade neuroblastomas and, along with 1p36 deletion, should represent the most frequent genetic abnormality of neuroblastoma observed until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meddeb
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique et de Génétique Oncologiques, CNRS URA 1967, Villejuif, France
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Davar G, Shalish C, Blumenfeld A, Breakefield XO. Exclusion of p75NGFR and other candidate genes in a family with hereditary sensory neuropathy type II. Pain 1996; 67:135-139. [PMID: 8895241 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(96)03113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy Type II (HSN II) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the loss of peripheral sensory modalities in individuals with otherwise normal development. Patients with HSN II often have chronic ulceration of the fingers and toes, autoamputation of the distal phalanges, and neuropathic joint degeneration associated with loss of pain sensation. Recent descriptions of a similar phenotype in mice carrying a targeted mutation in the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor, p75NGFR, suggested the possibility that mutations in this gene or other members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family of genes and their receptors might be responsible for this human disorder. In this study candidate genes were evaluated by their inheritance pattern in two sisters affected with HSN II, their unaffected sister and mother in a consanguineous family. The segregation of polymorphic alleles at and around loci for p75NGFR, TRKA, TRKB, BDNF, and familial dysautonomia (another hereditary sensory neuropathy having features in common with HSN II) virtually excluded these genes as the cause of HSN II in this family. Further evaluation of loci for other neurotrophic factors and their receptors, which will be possible when mapping information on their loci becomes available, may permit the identification of the gene responsible for HSN II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudarz Davar
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ayyagari R, Nestorowicz A, Li Y, Chandrasekharappa S, Chinault C, van Tuinen P, Smith RJ, Hejtmancik JF, Permutt MA. Construction of a YAC contig encompassing the Usher syndrome type 1C and familial hyperinsulinism loci on chromosome 11p14-15.1. Genome Res 1996; 6:504-14. [PMID: 8828039 DOI: 10.1101/gr.6.6.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Usher syndrome type 1C (USH1C) and familial hyperinsulinism (HI) loci have been assigned to chromosome 11p14-15.1, within the interval D11S419-D11S1310. We have constructed a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig, extending from D11S926 to D11S899, which encompasses the critical regions for both USH1C and HI and spans an estimated genetic distance of approximately 4 cM. A minimal set of six YAC clones constitute the contig, with another 22 YACs confirming the order of sequence-tagged sites (STSs) and position of YACs on the contig. A total of 40 STSs, including 10 new STSs generated from YAC insert-end sequences and inter-Alu PCR products, were used to order the clones within the contig. This physical map provides a resource for identification of gene transcripts associated with USH1C, HI, and other genetic disorders that map to the D11S926-D11S899 interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ayyagari
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Rosier MF, Reguigne-Arnould I, Couillin P, Devignes MD, Auffray C. Regional assignment of 68 new human gene transcripts on chromosome 11. Genome Res 1995; 5:60-70. [PMID: 8717056 DOI: 10.1101/gr.5.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have tested 80 expressed sequence-tagged site (eSTS) markers assigned to human chromosome 11 by the Genexpress program on a panel of somatic cell hybrids containing parts of this chromosome, characterized by cytogenetic data, reference markers, and with respect to the Généthon microsatellite genetic map. Sixty-eight new gene transcripts have been assigned to 25 subregions, one of which was newly defined by five of the eSTS markers. The markers are distributed on the short and long arms in agreement with their physical length. The genic map thus obtained has been integrated with the cytogenetic, genetic, and disease maps. Two eSTS markers have been further mapped with respect to a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig close to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and thus provide potential candidate genes for the mental retardation phenotype of WAGR (Wilms' tumor, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities and mental retardation) syndrome. Altogether, the 68 new gene transcripts localized here represent more than a threefold increase in the number of unknown regionalized genes that could reveal potential candidate genes for the numerous orphan pathologies associated with chromosome 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Rosier
- Genexpress, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UPR420), Villejuif, France
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