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Classification of Vascular Hotspots and Micro-Vessel Flow Velocity Waveforms in Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and HPV Condyloma of the Cervix. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102390. [PMID: 36292079 PMCID: PMC9601140 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess hotspot micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infections using transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound (TV-PDU) and to explore the associations of these sonographic parameters with HPV condyloma and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) of the cervix. A total of 39 patients with cervical HPV infections with abnormal cytology and colposcopy results (26 cases of LSIL; 13 cases of HPV condyloma) were enrolled to assess the vascular classification of the cervix and micro-vessel flow velocity using TV-PDU before treatment; 40 individuals with a pathologically normal cervix were used as the control group; seven parameters were measured, including vascular grading classification (Class I, Class II, and Class III), lowest pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PS), end-diastolic velocity (ED), time average maximum velocity (TAMV), and the vascular index (VI = PS/ED). According to vascular classification, most LSILs were class I (69.2%, 18/26), followed by class II (26.9%, 7/26) and class III (3.8%, 1/26). Most HPV condylomas were class I (92.3%, 12/13), and one was class II (7.7%, 1/13). PI, RI, VI (p < 0.0001), and the PSs (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in these cases than in the controls. The ED and TAMV were not significantly different between the patients and controls (p = 0.4985 and p = 0.1564). No sonographic parameter was significantly different between LSIL and HPV condyloma. The mean PI, RI, and VI were significantly lower in LSIL than in the controls. For HPV condyloma, a PI of 1.07 had an 84.6% sensitivity, 85.0% specificity, and an AUC of 88.8%; for LSIL, a PI of 1.08 had a 100% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and an AUC of 94.2%; for HPV infection (HPV condyloma + LSIL), a PI of 1.08 had a 94.9% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and an AUC of 92.4%. Hotspot vascular classification and micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms may provide a potential practical method for the auxiliary diagnosis of cervical HPV infection. The PI may represent a valuable index for distinguishing the micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in LSIL and HPV condyloma. Since the case numbers were limited in the current study, further validation is needed.
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Wu YC, Chen CH, Ko YL, Huang JYJ, Yuan CC, Wang PH, Hsiao CH, Chu WC. Cervical Power Doppler Angiography with Micro Vessel Blood Flow Indices in the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Acute Cervicitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1131. [PMID: 35626287 PMCID: PMC9140516 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have conducted cervical imaging of uterine and micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) by transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound (TVPDU) in order to explore the associations of sonographic parameters with simple and complex cervicitis. Thirty-eight patients with acute PID (26 with acute simple cervicitis and 12 with complex cervicitis) were enrolled for an assessment of vascular grading of cervix and micro-vessel flow velocity using TVPDU before treatment. Seven parameters, including vascular grading (VG), lowest pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PS), end diastolic velocity (ED), time average maximum velocity (TAMV), and vascular index (VI = PS/ED), were measured and recorded. Forty-one healthy patients were assessed as the control group. Vascular grading (VG) was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (p < 0.0001). The PI, RI, and VI were significantly lower in the study group than control group (p < 0.0001). No significant associations were observed between seven sonographic parameters and acute simple or/and complex cervicitis. For acute simple cervicitis, a PI cutoff of 1.1 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 92.1% (area under ROC curve [AUC], 93.2%). A RI of 0.6 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 78.9% (AUC, 86.1%). A VI of 2.6 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 78.9% (AUC, 84.9%). Power Doppler angiography of micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in the cervix could represent a practical method to assist the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease presented as acute cervicitis detected on transvaginal ultrasound before medical or surgical treatment. Cervical PI may be a useful index to detect micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in acute cervicitis and differentiate acute simple cervicitis from complex cervicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan IVF Group, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Zhubei 302048, Taiwan;
- Department of Gynecology, Koo Foundation SYS Cancer Center, Taipei 112019, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100027, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Li Ko
- Nursing Department, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan;
| | - Jack Yu-Jen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan IVF Group, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Zhubei 302048, Taiwan;
| | - Chiou-Chung Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112401, Taiwan;
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100027, Taiwan;
| | - Woei-Chyn Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
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Tomalczyk A, Tomasik B, Fijuth J, Moszynska-Zielinska M, Gottwald L. Assessment of cervical volume and spectral Doppler parameters in tumour dominant vessel of patients with locally advanced squamous cell cervical carcinoma. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 41:1116-1120. [PMID: 33427547 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1837752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated cervical volume and spectral Doppler parameters: peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) in the tumour dominant vessel of 50 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) staged IIB and IIIB and their changes during treatment. The patients underwent transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography prior to treatment, after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and 6 weeks after brachytherapy. Radiotherapy decreased cervical volume and PSV values of the tumour dominant vessel. The PSV values before EBRT in G1 + G2 tumours were higher than in G3 tumours. No correlations between cervical volume, PSV, RI and PI values with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were found. We concluded, that sonographic assessment of changes in cervical volume of patients with locally advanced cervical SCC during treatment did not allow to predict treatment results. Spectral Doppler parameters PSV, RI and PI of tumour dominant vessel did not predict prognosis for these patients.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Transvaginal Doppler sonography is considered as a useful diagnostic method in patients with cervical carcinoma. However, despite numerous studies, the value of spectral Doppler parameters in tumour dominant vessel and cervical volume of patients with locally advanced cervical SCC is still not well defined.What the results of this study add? In our prospective study, we found that sonographic assessment of changes in cervical volume of patients with locally advanced cervical SCC during treatment did not allow to predict treatment results and spectral Doppler parameters of tumour dominant vessel did not predict prognosis for these patients.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our study underlines the limited value of spectral Doppler technique in patients with cervical carcinoma. Further research should be focussed on identifying and validating novel prognostic and predictive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tomalczyk
- Department of Radiology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Tomasik
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Fijuth
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Teleradiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Gottwald
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Teleradiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Bolla D, In-Albon S, Papadia A, Di Naro E, Gasparri ML, Mueller MM, Raio L. Doppler Ultrasound Flow Evaluation of the Uterine Arteries Significantly Correlates with Tumor Size in Cervical Cancer Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S959-63. [PMID: 26036189 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this present study was to evaluate the sonographic correlation between Doppler flow characteristics of the uterine arteries and tumor size in patients with cervical cancer, in order to establish a new potential marker to monitor treatment response. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 25 patients who underwent a sonographic evaluation of Doppler flow characteristics of the uterine arteries before surgery or radiochemotherapy for early and locally advanced/advanced cervical cancer, respectively, was analyzed. The primary outcome was the correlation between Doppler flow characteristics of the uterine arteries and tumor size in patients with cervical cancer. RESULTS Median age was 49 (range 26-85) years, and mean tumor size was 40.8 ± 17 mm. A significant positive correlation was found between tumor diameter and the uterine artery end-diastolic velocity (r = 0.47, p < 0.05) as well as the peak systolic velocity (r = 0.41, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between tumor size and the pulsatility index or resistance index. CONCLUSIONS In cervical cancer, uterine artery velocity parameters are associated with tumor size. This finding could become particularly useful in the follow-up of locally advanced cervical cancer patients undergoing radiochemotherapy or in corroborating the selection of women with more possibility of a high response rate during neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bolla
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah In-Albon
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Papadia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Edoardo Di Naro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Gasparri
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael M Mueller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Raio
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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The role of ultrasound in the assessment of uterine cervical cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2014; 64:311-6. [PMID: 25368452 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-014-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine cervical cancer is the second most frequent gynecological malignancy worldwide. The assessment of the extent of disease is essential for planning optimal treatment. Imaging techniques are increasingly used in the pre-treatment work-up of cervical cancer. Currently, MRI for local extent of disease evaluation and PET-scan for distant disease assessment are considered as first-line techniques. Notwithstanding, in the last few years, ultrasound has gained attention as an imaging technique for evaluating women with cervical cancer. In this paper, current knowledge about the use of ultrasound for assessing uterine cervical cancer will be reviewed and discussed.
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Alcázar JL, Jurado M, López-García G. Tumor Vascularization in Cervical Cancer by 3-Dimensional Power Doppler Angiography. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:393-397. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181d159f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Marret H, Barillot I, Rolland Y, Lévèque J. [Contrast ultrasound using SonoVue for pelvic radiation with concurrent chemotherapy monitoring in stage IB-II cervical cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2009; 13:515-9. [PMID: 19726215 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether angiogenic parameters as assessed by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound and by enhanced cervix ultrasound may predict prognostic factors of stage IB greater than 4 cm and II cervical cancer treated by radiochemotherapy. A total of 40 patients with histologically proven advanced stage invasive cervical cancer will be evaluated by color Doppler, contrast ultrasound, and MRI before radiotherapy, after the second chemotherapy cycle and prior to surgery. Subjective assessment of the amount of vessels within the tumor (scanty-moderate or abundant) and resistance index (RI) will be recorded for Doppler, enhancement and washout period will be studied after injection of SonoVue for contrast ultrasound. All patients will have radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Comparison with MRI results will be done. The main parameter studied will be persistence of tumor cells in the analysis of the radical hysterectomy. We expected to correlate contrast parameters with persistent disease in order to confirm ultrasound parameters that will be useful to monitor radiochemotherapy and to predict therapeutic answer of such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marret
- Service de Gynécologie, Hôpital Bretonneau, 37044 Tours cedex 1, France.
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Marret H, Voyer L, Bleuzen A, Tranquart F. Place de l’échographie de contraste en gynécologie. IMAGERIE DE LA FEMME 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1776-9817(08)74633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jurado M, Galván R, Martinez-Monge R, Mazaira J, Alcazar JL. Neoangiogenesis in early cervical cancer: correlation between color Doppler findings and risk factors. A prospective observational study. World J Surg Oncol 2008; 6:126. [PMID: 19032773 PMCID: PMC2611993 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present article was to evaluate whether angiogenic parameters as assessed by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TVCD) may predict those prognostic factors related to recurrence. Methods A total of 27 patients (mean age: 51.3 years, range: 29 to 85) with histologically proven early stage invasive cervical cancer were evaluated by TVCD prior to surgery. Subjective assessment of the amount of vessels within the tumor (scanty-moderate or abundant) and pulsatility index (PI) were recorded. All patients underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Postoperative treatment (RT or chemoradiotherapy) was given according to risk factors (positive lymph nodes, parametrial and vaginal margin involvement, depth stromal invasion, lymph-vascular space involvement) Results Tumors with "abundant" vascularization were significantly associated with pelvic lymph node metastases, depth stromal invasion > 10 mm, lymph-vascular space involvement, tumor diameter > 17.5 mm, and parametrial involvement. Postoperative treatment was significantly more frequent in patients with "abundant" vascularization (OR: 20.8, 95% CIs: 2 to 211). The presence of scanty-moderate vascularization with a PI < 0.82 or abundant vascularization with either PI > 0.82 or PI < 0.82 was associated with high-risk group in 94.4% of the cases (OR: 21.2, 95% CI: 1.9 to 236.0) Conclusion The results are consistent with a relationship between tumor angiogenesis and prognostic factors for recurrence in early cervical cancer. "Abundant" vascularization and PI < 0.82 may be related to postoperative treatment due to risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Jurado
- Department of Gynecology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Fischerova D, Cibula D, Stenhova H, Vondrichova H, Calda P, Zikan M, Freitag P, Slama J, Dundr P, Belacek J. Transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in staging of early cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:766-72. [PMID: 17892456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of tumor volume, early parametrial infiltration, and identification of residual tumor in early-stage cervical cancer. Patients in whom an early-stage cervical cancer was diagnosed by clinical examination were enrolled in the study. Only those patients who were examined by both MRI and TRUS with following surgical treatment were included. Imaging results were compared with pathology findings. Altogether, 120 patients were consecutively enrolled from January 2004 to February 2006. Data from 95 patients were evaluated. Correlation coefficient for TRUS- and MRI-derived volumes versus volumes at pathology reached R = 0.996 and R = 0.980, respectively. The accuracy for detecting tumor in 95 patients was 93.7% for TRUS and 83.2% for MRI (P <or= 0.006). In small tumors (<or=1 cm(3)), the accuracy of tumor detection by TRUS was 90.5% and 81.1% by MRI (P <or= 0.049). The accuracy of parametrial infiltration detection by TRUS and MRI was 98.9% and 94.7%, respectively (P <or= 0.219). The accuracy was not influenced by body mass index values. In conclusion, our results showed the accuracy of TRUS as being comparable to the more commonly used MRI in staging of early-stage cervical cancer. TRUS and the pathology-derived volumes correlated tightly; accuracy of TRUS was superior to MRI, especially in detection of residual tumors following conization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fischerova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncogynecological Center, General Teaching Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Marret H, Vinatier L, Sauget S, Giraudeau B, Body G, Tranquart F. Valeur de l'index de vascularisation (Power Doppler Index) pour la discrimination des masses ovariennes en préopératoire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:541-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Visual Grading System, Blood Flow Index, and Tumor Marker SCC Antigen as Prognostic Factors in Invasive Cervical Carcinoma. J Med Ultrasound 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6441(09)60087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Marret H, Sauget S, Giraudeau B, Body G, Tranquart F. Power Doppler vascularity index for predicting malignancy of adnexal masses. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2005; 25:508-513. [PMID: 15846763 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of a power Doppler vascularity index in the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. METHODS Adnexal masses (n = 101) were examined prospectively with power Doppler ultrasonography before surgical treatment. The tumor vascularity index (power Doppler index, PDI) was determined by quantification of the number of pixels in a defined region of interest according to the formula: number of colored pixels/(total number of pixels minus the number of pixels in the fluid or avascular areas). It was estimated on selected frames of the tumors using an in-house color-quantifying program added to MATLAB 6.0 software. Inter- and intraobserver reproducibilities of PDI assessment were evaluated. Intratumoral blood flow velocity waveforms were obtained to determine the lowest resistance index (RI). A subjective visual score of power Doppler signals in the tumor was used to classify it as having low, moderate or high vascularity. The discriminatory ability of this score was compared to that of RI and PDI measurement. RESULTS Histology identified 23 malignant and 78 benign lesions. The PDI was considerably higher in malignant than in benign lesions (0.34 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.06; P < 0.001). The intra- and interobserver variabilities of PDI were low (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.97, respectively). The PDI cut-off value to differentiate malignant from benign tumors was set at 0.265 (26.5% of the tumor being colored). Using this cut-off, sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% CI, 87.8-100.0) and 97.4% (95% CI, 91.0-99.7) compared to 78.3% (95% CI, 56.3-92.5) and 83.1% (95% CI, 72.9-90.7) for RI (cut-off value of 0.53) and 78.3% (95% CI, 56.3-92.5) and 94.9% (95% CI, 87.4-98.6) for visual scoring. Logistic regression demonstrated that PDI was the best parameter for differentiating between malignant and benign tumors. CONCLUSION The power Doppler vascularity index obtained using customized color quantifying software has high diagnostic value in discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marret
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, Fetal Medicine and Human Reproduction, Tours, France.
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Testa AC, Ferrandina G, Distefano M, Fruscella E, Mansueto D, Basso D, Salutari V, Scambia G. Color Doppler velocimetry and three-dimensional color power angiography of cervical carcinoma. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2004; 24:445-452. [PMID: 15343602 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the blood flow within invasive cervical carcinoma by transvaginal two-dimensional (2D) color spectral Doppler and three-dimensional (3D) color power angiography and to correlate these parameters with the clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS Seventy-four patients with invasive cervical carcinoma were enrolled for the analysis. Squamous cell carcinoma serum antigen levels (SCC) were obtained for all the patients. Sections of all malignant tissues were analyzed for tumor expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). All patients underwent color and spectral Doppler examination and 44 patients had 3D color power angiography. Color spectral Doppler parameters (color score, lowest resistance index (RI), highest peak systolic velocity (PSV)) and 3D color power angiography indices (relative color, average color, flow measure) of FIGO I/II cervical cancers were compared with those obtained in a control group of 24 patients with a normal uterine cervix. Pulsed Doppler parameters and the 3D vascular indices were compared with clinicopathological parameters, SCC serum antigen levels and tumor COX-2 expression. RESULTS At color Doppler analysis 72 patients (97%) showed intralesional detectable vessels. Color spectral Doppler and 3D-derived parameters were significantly different in FIGO I/II cervical cancers compared with those in women with a normal cervix. A significantly higher color score (P = 0.0008), lower RI (P = 0.032) and higher PSV (P = 0.004) were associated with a tumor diameter > or =4 cm compared with smaller tumors. The highest PSV was significantly higher in patients with FIGO stage III/IV compared with FIGO stage I/II (P = 0.0069). There was a direct correlation between PSV and SCC (r = +0.44, P = 0.003). The median relative color was significantly higher in patients with a higher color score (P = 0.0006). No statistically significant correlations were found between 3D color power angiography parameters and the clinicopathological characteristics or between the 3D vascular parameters and biological factors. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of 3D ultrasound-derived vascular indices were found in patients with cervical cancer compared with those with a normal cervix. Moreover, some vascular indices proved to be associated with tumor size. The assessment of a possible clinical role of 2D and 3D ultrasound-derived vascular indices in cervical cancer deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Testa
- Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Testa AC, Mansueto D, Lorusso D, Fruscella E, Basso D, Scambia G, Ferrandina G. Angiographic power 3-dimensional quantitative analysis in gynecologic solid tumors: feasibility and reproducibility. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2004; 23:821-828. [PMID: 15244306 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2004.23.6.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reproducibility of a simplified method of power Doppler 3-dimensional (3D) sonographic examination. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with solid pelvic masses underwent transvaginal 3D power Doppler evaluation. The volume of interest was obtained by drawing the margins of the largest section of the mass in the 3 orthogonal planes. The 3D vascular parameters ("relative color," "average color," and "flow measure") obtained by our method were compared with those calculated by a manufacturer-suggested model based on several parallel section planes drawn on the longitudinal frames. The intraobserver variability was quantified on 5 different 3D images acquired by the same operator at 5-minute intervals for each patient. The intraobserver variability was also assayed in 10 patients at 24-hour intervals. Ten patients were scanned by a second sonographer for interobserver variability. RESULTS There was high agreement between the 3D parameters obtained with the 2 methods. The 3D indices were similar in repeated observations at 5-minute intervals (median coefficients of variation for relative color, average color, and flow measure, 10.9, 4.5, and 13.0, respectively) and at 24-hour intervals (intraclass correlation coefficients for relative color, average color, and flow measure, 0.920, 0.978, and 0.978) and by the second sonographer (interclass correlation coefficients for relative color, average color, and flow measure, 0.978, 0.966, and 0.997). CONCLUSIONS The acceptable rates of intraobserver and interobserver variability make this approach potentially suitable for research protocols.
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Alcázar JL, Castillo G, Jurado M, López-García G. Intratumoral blood flow in cervical cancer as assessed by transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography: Correlation with tumor characteristics. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003; 13:510-4. [PMID: 12911729 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2003.13302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether intratumoral blood flow as assessed by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography (TVCD) correlates with some tumor features in cervical cancer. Clinical, sonographic, and histologic data on 49 women (mean age: 50.3 years, range: 25-85 years) diagnosed as having a carcinoma from the uterine cervix were reviewed. Intratumoral blood flow was assessed by TVCD in all cases. Subjective impression of the amount of flow (scanty, moderate, or abundant) as well as the lowest resistance index (RI) and highest peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/s) were used for analysis. These data were correlated with some tumoral features such as histologic type, histologic grade, tumor volume, and tumor stage. Intratumoral blood flow was found in all cases. Abundant blood flow was found more frequently in squamous carcinoma, moderately or poorly differentiated tumors, tumors with larger volume, and advanced stage tumors (P < 0.0001). Significantly lower RI was found in moderately or poorly differentiated tumors and advanced stage tumors (P < 0.01) and significantly higher PSV was found in moderately or poorly differentiated tumors, tumors with larger volume, and advanced stage tumors (P < 0.01). No correlation was found between RI and PSV and histologic type. Our data indicate that intratumoral blood flow as assessed by TVCD correlates well with some tumor features in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Alcázar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Epstein E, Skoog L, Isberg PE, De Smet F, De Moor B, Olofsson PA, Gudmundsson S, Valentin L. An algorithm including results of gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination to predict endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2002; 20:370-376. [PMID: 12383320 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if power Doppler ultrasound examination of the endometrium can contribute to a correct diagnosis of endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm. METHODS Eighty-three women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm underwent gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination using predetermined, standardized settings. Suspicion of endometrial malignancy at gray-scale ultrasound examination (endometrial morphology) was noted, and the color content of the endometrium at power Doppler examination was estimated subjectively (endometrial color score). Computer analysis of the most vascularized area of the endometrium was done off-line in a standardized manner. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine which subjective and objective ultrasound and power Doppler variables satisfied the criteria to be included in a model to calculate the probability of endometrial malignancy. RESULTS Endometrial thickness, vascularity index (vascularized area/endometrial area), and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) satisfied the criteria to be included in the model used to calculate the 'objective probability of endometrial malignancy'. Endometrial morphology, endometrial color score and HRT use satisfied the criteria to be included in the model to calculate the 'subjective probability of malignancy'. Endometrial thickness > or = 10.5 mm had a sensitivity with regard to endometrial cancer of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.61. At a fixed sensitivity of 0.88, the specificity of the 'objective probability of malignancy' (0.81) was superior to all other ultrasound and power Doppler variables (P = 0.001-0.02). The 'objective probability of malignancy' detected more malignancies at endometrium 5-15 mm than endometrial morphology (5/7 vs. 1/7, i.e. 0.71 vs. 0.14; P = 0.125) with a similar specificity (49/57 vs. 51/57, i.e. 0.86 vs. 0.89). CONCLUSION Power Doppler ultrasound can contribute to a correct diagnosis of endometrial malignancy, especially if the endometrium measures 5-15 mm. The use of regression models including power Doppler results to estimate the risk of endometrial cancer deserves further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Epstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
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