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Kovalchuk NM, Sagisaka M, Komiyama H, Simmons MJH. Spreading of aqueous surfactant solutions on oil substrates: Superspreaders vs non-superspreaders. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:1046-1059. [PMID: 38335789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The question of why aqueous solutions of some surfactants demonstrate a rapid spreading (superspreading) over hydrophobic solid substrates, while solutions of other similar surfactants do not, has no definitive explanation despite numerous previous studies. The suggested hypothesis for this study assumes that once the spreading coefficient of surfactant is positive, there is a concentration range for solutions of any surfactant which demonstrates rapid spreading. As it is impossible to calculate spreading coefficients for solid substrates, we compare the spreading performance of known superspreaders and non-superspreaders on liquid (oil) substrate. EXPERIMENTS The kinetics of spreading of aqueous solutions of a series of branched ionic surfactants and non-ionic trisiloxane surfactants on two liquid substrates was studied and compared with the spreading of a surfactant-free liquid, silicone oil. Both dynamic and equilibrium spreading coefficients were calculated using measured surface and interfacial tensions. FINDINGS There is no difference in spreading rate on liquid substrate between solutions of surfactants proven as superspreaders (while spreading on solid substrate) or non-superspreaders. A rapid spreading (superspreading) with the characteristic rate of spreading O(102-103) mm2/s occurs if the dynamic spreading coefficients exceeds the positive threshold value. If the dynamic spreading coefficient is negative or slightly positive, complete wetting still occurs, but the spreading is slow with the spreading rate is O(1) mm2/s. Spreading exponents for surfactant solutions in the rapid spreading regime are considerably larger than for the surfactant-free liquid. A number of spreading and dewetting patterns were observed depending on the surfactant type, its concentration and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Kovalchuk
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Masanobu Sagisaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hinata Komiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Mark J H Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Zhao B, Qi L, Tai W, Zhao M, Chen X, Yu L, Shi J, Wang X, Lin JM, Hu Q. Paper-Based Flow Sensor for the Detection of Hyaluronidase via an Enzyme Hydrolysis-Induced Viscosity Change in a Polymer Solution. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4643-4649. [PMID: 35258931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase (HAase) is implicated in inflammation, cancer development, and allergic reaction. The detection of HAase is significantly important in clinical diagnosis and medical treatment. Herein, we propose a new principle for the development of equipment-free and label-free paper-based flow sensors based on the enzymatic hydrolysis-induced viscosity change in a stimuli-responsive polymer solution, which increases the water flow distance on the pH indicator paper. The detection of HAase is demonstrated as an example. This facile and versatile method can overcome the potential drawbacks of traditional hydrogel-based sensors, including complex preparation steps, slow response time, or low sensitivity. Moreover, it can also avoid the use of specialized instruments, labeled molecules, or functionalized nanoparticles in the sensors developed using the polymer solutions. Using this strategy, the detection of HAase is achieved with a limit of detection as low as 0.2 U/mL. Also, it works well in human urine. Additionally, the detection of tannic acid, which is an inhibitor of HAase, is also fulfilled. Overall, a simple, efficient, high-throughput, and low-cost detection method is developed for the rapid and quantitative detection of HAase and its inhibitor without the use of labeled molecules, synthetic particles, and specialized instruments. As only minimal reagents of HAase, HA, and paper are used, it is very promising in the development of commercial kits for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjun Tai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
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Dijksman JA, Mukhopadhyay S, Gaebler C, Witelski TP, Behringer RP. Obtaining self-similar scalings in focusing flows. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:043016. [PMID: 26565341 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.043016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface structure of converging thin fluid films displays self-similar behavior, as was shown in the work by Diez et al. [Q. Appl. Math. 210, 155 (1990)]. Extracting the related similarity scaling exponents from either numerical or experimental data is nontrivial. Here we provide two such methods. We apply them to experimental and numerical data on converging fluid films driven by both surface tension and gravitational forcing. In the limit of pure gravitational driving, we recover Diez' semianalytic result, but our methods also allow us to explore the entire regime of mixed capillary and gravitational driving, up to entirely surface-tension-driven flows. We find scaling forms of smoothly varying exponents up to surprisingly small Bond numbers. Our experimental results are in reasonable agreement with our numerical simulations, which confirm theoretically obtained relations between the scaling exponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Dijksman
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shomeek Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Cameron Gaebler
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Mathematics, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - Thomas P Witelski
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Box 90320, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0320, USA
| | - Robert P Behringer
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
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Gomba JM, Diez J, Gratton R, González AG, Kondic L. Stability study of a constant-volume thin film flow. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:046308. [PMID: 17995107 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.046308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study the stability of a constant volume of fluid spreading down an incline. In contrast to the commonly considered flow characterized by constant fluid flux, in the present problem the base flow is time dependent. We present a method to carry out consistently linear stability analysis, based on simultaneously solving the time evolution of the base flow and of the perturbations. The analysis is performed numerically by using a finite-difference method supplemented with an integral method developed here. The computations show that, after a short transient stage, imposed perturbations travel with the same velocity as the leading contact line. The spectral analysis of the modes evolution shows that their growth rates are, in general, time dependent. The wavelength of maximum amplitude, lambda_{max} , decreases with time until it reaches an asymptotic value which is in good agreement with experimental results. We also explore the dependence of lambda_{max} on the cross sectional fluid area A , and on the inclination angle alpha of the substrate. For considered small A 's, corresponding to small Bond numbers, we find that the dependence of lambda_{max} on A is in good agreement with experimental data. This dependence differs significantly from the one observed for the films characterized by much larger A 's and Bond numbers. We also predict the dependence of lambda_{max} on the inclination angle alpha .
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gomba
- Instituto de Fìsica Arroyo Seco, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
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Gomba JM, Diez J, González AG, Gratton R. Spreading of a micrometric fluid strip down a plane under controlled initial conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:016304. [PMID: 15697719 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.016304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the spreading of a small volume of silicon oil down a vertical plane with small Bond number. The initial condition is characterized by a horizontal long fluid strip with cross sectional area A and width w(0). We find that the experiments are characterized by a unique nondimensional parameter, R proportional w4(0)/(a2A), where a is the capillary length. An empirical criterium to estimate the onset of the contact line instability is established. The later rivulet formation at the contact line leads to a pattern which is characterized by a dominant wavelength. We find that this wavelength is approximately proportional to R(-1/4).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gomba
- Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.
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González AG, Diez J, Gomba J, Gratton R, Kondic L. Spreading of a thin two-dimensional strip of fluid on a vertical plane: experiments and modeling. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 70:026309. [PMID: 15447590 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.026309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2003] [Revised: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study the thin-film flow of a constant volume of silicon oil (polydymethilsiloxane) spreading down a vertical glass plate. The initial condition is generated from a horizontal fluid filament of typical diameter 0.4 mm. Two optical diagnostic methods are used: One based on an anamorphic system, and the other on the Schlieren method. The first one allows for a detailed characterization of the early stable stage of the spreading which is used to estimate the thickness of the precursor film needed to model the flow. The second one captures the bidimensional pattern of the transversal film instability. We use these techniques to determine the film thickness profiles, and the evolution of the moving contact line, including its shape and Fourier spectra. The numerical simulations of the stable stage of spreading are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental results. We develop a model based on linear stability theory that predicts the evolution of the modes present in the linear stage of the instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G González
- Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
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Diez JA, Kondic L, Bertozzi A. Global models for moving contact lines. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 63:011208. [PMID: 11304247 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.011208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2000] [Revised: 09/20/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We consider thin film flows driven by surface tension and gravity. Within the framework of the lubrication approximation, we study the contact line motion using global models where either precursor film or slip are allowed. We show that completely wetting films can be simulated under both conditions without requiring direct tracking of the contact line interface. We perform a comparative study of standard and positivity preserving numerical methods for these problems in one space dimension, with the ultimate goal of choosing the best method applicable to two-dimensional problems. We find a considerable computational advantage of the precursor film model over the slipping models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Diez
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Pepin X, Rossetti D, Iveson SM, Simons SJ. Modeling the Evolution and Rupture of Pendular Liquid Bridges in the Presence of Large Wetting Hysteresis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 232:289-297. [PMID: 11097763 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A model has been developed to predict the shape evolution, rupture distance and postrupture liquid distribution of a pendular liquid bridge between two unequally sized spherical particles in the presence of wetting hysteresis. Two different simplifications of the bridge geometry were considered: a toroidal and a parabolic approximation. The liquid bridge was assumed to rupture through its thinnest neck leaving liquid distributed on each sphere. Experimental measurements showed that the rupture distance was well predicted by both profile approximations by assuming that rupture occurred when the liquid-vapor interfacial area of the bridge and the postrupture droplets was equal. Both bridge profile approximations only correctly predicted the evolution of the apparent contact angle and the extent of postrupture liquid distribution when the solid-liquid interfacial area measured throughout the separation was included in the calculations. This is because during the pendular liquid bridge elongation, the three-phase contact line usually begins to slip on at least one of the spheres. The parabolic profile approximation was slightly more accurate than the toroidal one. The toroidal approximation is more difficult to use because one of the parameters passes through infinity as the bridge changes from convex to concave in shape. In some cases the toroidal approximation was also unable to generate a solution. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Pepin
- Colloid and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1 7JE, UK
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Thomas LP, Gratton R, Marino BM. Profilometry of a liquid-free surface with large slope variations. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:2905-2911. [PMID: 18253290 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe and test a refractive method for determining the height profile of an unsteady liquid-free surface, which is adequate for regions where the slope of the surface changes strongly, as for example the head of a spreading current. The method is developed for situations in which the height depends on a single Cartesian coordinate (plane flows); however, the underlying idea could be applied to more general cases. As a test, we obtained the profiles of a transparent solid object (a cylindrical lens) and of an actual liquid flow. These profiles are determined with high accuracy even if the direction of the normal to the free surface changes approximately 150 degrees within the probed region.
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Marino BM, Thomas LP, Gratton R, Diez JA, Betelú S, Gratton J. Waiting-time solutions of a nonlinear diffusion equation: Experimental study of a creeping flow near a waiting front. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1996; 54:2628-2636. [PMID: 9965375 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Gratton R, Diez JA, Thomas LP, Marino B, Betelú S. Quasi-self-similarity for wetting drops. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1996; 53:3563-3572. [PMID: 9964666 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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