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Wang J, An S, Ren J. Regulating Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties in Saturated Salt Solutions Containing Disordered Anions and Cations by Magnetic Field. Molecules 2024; 29:543. [PMID: 38276621 PMCID: PMC10819030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated aqueous salt solutions have diverse applications in food production, mineral processing, pharmaceuticals, and environmental monitoring. However, the random and disordered arrangement of ions in these solutions poses limitations across different fields. In this study, we employ magnetic fields to regulate the disordered arrangement by a comprehensive methodology combining contact angle measurement, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and molecular dynamics simulations on saturated KCl solutions. Our findings reveal that weak magnetic fields impede the formation of K-Cl contact pairs and disrupt hydrogen bond networks, particularly DDAA and free OH types. However, they facilitate the interaction between water molecules and ions, leading to an increase in the number of K-O and Cl-H contact pairs, along with an expansion in ion hydration radius. These changes affect macroscopic properties, including the interaction with solid substrates and potential solubility increases. Our experimental and simulation results mutually validate each other, contributing to a theoretical framework for studying magnetic field-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Wang
- School of Physics and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shasha An
- Department of Elementary Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Junchao Ren
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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2
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Seyyedi M, Wu T, Brant JA. Ion dehydration using magnetic fields and impacts on permeability across RO membranes. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Thirumurugan A, Ramadoss A, Dhanabalan SS, Kamaraj SK, Chidhambaram N, Gobalakrishnan S, Venegas Abarzúa C, Reyes Caamaño YA, Udayabhaskar R, Morel MJ. MXene/Ferrite Magnetic Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1792. [PMID: 36296145 PMCID: PMC9611495 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MXene has been identified as a new emerging material for various applications including energy storage, electronics, and bio-related due to its wider physicochemical characteristics. Further the formation of hybrid composites of MXene with other materials makes them interesting to utilize in multifunctional applications. The selection of magnetic nanomaterials for the formation of nanocomposite with MXene would be interesting for the utilization of magnetic characteristics along with MXene. However, the selection of the magnetic nanomaterials is important, as the magnetic characteristics of the ferrites vary with the stoichiometric composition of metal ions, particle shape and size. The selection of the electrolyte is also important for electrochemical energy storage applications, as the electrolyte could influence the electrochemical performance. Further, the external magnetic field also could influence the electrochemical performance. This review briefly discusses the synthesis method of MXene, and ferrite magnetic nanoparticles and their composite formation. We also discussed the recent progress made on the MXene/ferrite nanocomposite for potential applications in electrochemical supercapacitor applications. The possibility of magnetic field-assisted supercapacitor applications with electrolyte and electrode materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Thirumurugan
- Sede Vallenar, Universidad de Atacama, Costanera #105, Vallenar 1612178, Chile
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- Advanced Research School for Technology & Product Simulation (ARSTPS), School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET), T.V.K. Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano, El Llano 20330, Mexico
| | - Natarajan Chidhambaram
- Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suyambrakasam Gobalakrishnan
- Department of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Deemed to be University, Kumaracoil 629180, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Rednam Udayabhaskar
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Científicasy Tecnológicas (IDICTEC), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo 1531772, Chile
| | - Mauricio J. Morel
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Científicasy Tecnológicas (IDICTEC), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo 1531772, Chile
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Pham TN, Dinh NX, Tien VM, Ong VH, Das R, Nguyen TL, Tran QH, Tran DT, Vu DL, Le AT. Advances in magnetic field-assisted electrolyte's physicochemical properties and electrokinetic parameters: A case study on the response ability of chloramphenicol on Fe 3O 4@carbon spheres-based electrochemical nanosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340398. [PMID: 36156214 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the utilization of external magnetic field (MF) in promoting the intrinsic unique features of magnetic nanomaterials in many different applications has been reported, however the origin of MF-dependent electrochemical behaviors as well as the electrochemical response of analytes at the electrode in sensor applications is still not clear. In this report, the influence of MF on the electrolyte's physicochemical properties (polarization, mass transport, charge/electron transfer) and electrode's properties (conductivity, morphology, surface area, interaction, adsorption capability, electrocatalytic ability) was thoroughly investigated. Herein, the working electrode surface was modified with carbon spheres (CSs), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs), and their nanocomposites (Fe3O4@CSs), respectively. Then, they were directly used to enhance the electrochemical characteristics and response-ability of chloramphenicol (CAP). More interestingly, a series of various kinetic parameters related to the diffusion-controlled process of K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6)] and the adsorption-controlled process of CAP were calculated at the bare electrode and the modified electrodes with and without the presence of MF. These parameters not only exhibit the crucial role of the modification of electrode surface with the proposed materials but also show positive impacts of the presence of external MF. Besides, the mechanism and hypothesis for the enhancements were proposed and discussed in detail, further demonstrating the development potential of using Fe3O4@CS nanocomposites with MF assistant for advanced energy, environmental, and sensor related-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet Nhung Pham
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngo Xuan Dinh
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Van Manh Tien
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Van Hoang Ong
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam; University of Transport Technology, Trieu Khuc, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Raja Das
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS) and Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (AIST), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), 01 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Huy Tran
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Thanh Tran
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST) & Institute for Materials Science (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Dinh Lam Vu
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST) & Institute for Materials Science (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh-Tuan Le
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam; Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam.
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Ren J, Zhu Z, Qiu Y, Yu F, Ma J, Zhao J. Magnetic field assisted adsorption of pollutants from an aqueous solution: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124846. [PMID: 33387721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic field is a special substance that exists objectively and transmits the magnetic force between objects. Magnetic fields (MFs) are gradually attracting attention as a facile, universal adsorption enhancement method, especially under the condition of low concentration of pollutants. By adjusting the type and parameters of the magnetic field, enhancement of adsorption capacity, rate and selectivity can be targeted. Many studies have focused on the adsorbent separation based on magnetic properties under MF assistant, and no review have come up in recent years on the pollution enhanced-adsorption technique using MFs. The present review brings out a series of magnetic field and summarizes adsorption-assisted enhancement mechanism of MFs in different situations. This review article aimed at helping researchers obtain quick ideas of MFs and application for pollutant adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianran Ren
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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6
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Singh M, Sahoo A, Yadav KL, Sharma Y. Toward the Origin of Magnetic Field-Dependent Storage Properties: A Case Study on the Supercapacitive Performance of FeCo 2O 4 Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49530-49540. [PMID: 33086008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the many reports in the literature on the magnetic field-dependent energy storage properties of metal oxides, the origin of magnetic field-dependent supercapacitive properties is still not clear. This is because electrode's properties such as physical (electrical and magnetic properties), structural and microstructural (surface area, pore size, and their distribution), and electrolyte's properties (ionic diffusion, ionic conductivity, cation size, etc.) are very crucial for investigating the effect of a magnetic field on the energy storage properties of metal oxides. In this article, the effect of a magnetic field on some of the abovementioned properties and thereby on the supercapacitive properties of FeCo2O4 (FCO) nanofibers is thoroughly investigated. The local magnetic environment of the magnetized electrode (magnetic gradient force, susceptibility, etc.) is proposed to be crucial for tuning the storage properties of the electrode material. Magnetic field-mediated resistive properties of the electrode material and thereby the induced magnetic gradient force at the electrode surface seem to be helpful in lowering the Nernst layer thickness and improving the electrode/electrolyte interface for a smoother ionic exchange resulting in 56% increment in the capacitance values of FCO nanofibers. A series of electrochemical experiments (cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge) and magnetic property evaluation of bare and cycled electrodes are carried out, and the proposed mechanism/hypothesis is validated by studying the ex situ magnetic properties and the results are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Asit Sahoo
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - K L Yadav
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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7
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González Vázquez OF, Moreno Virgen MR, Esparza González MS, Hernández Montoya V, Tovar-Gómez R, Durán Valle CJ. Analysis of the Effect of a Magnetic Field Applied to a Process of Adsorption of Water Contaminants Using Adsorbents of Different Magnetic Orderings. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. R. Moreno Virgen
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, C.P 20256 Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - M. S. Esparza González
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, C.P 20256 Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - V. Hernández Montoya
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, C.P 20256 Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - R. Tovar-Gómez
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, C.P 20256 Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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8
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The Effect of Temperature and Magnetic Field on the Precipitation of Insoluble Salts of Alkaline Earth Metals. J SOLUTION CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-020-00959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Concentration-dependent structure of KCl aqueous solutions under weak magnetic field from the X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Chibowski E, Szcześ A. Magnetic water treatment-A review of the latest approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:54-67. [PMID: 29605749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of magnetic field (MF) effects observed during and after its action on water and aqueous solutions is still a controversial issue although the effects have been reported for at least half of century. The purpose of this paper was a brief review of the literature which deals with the magnetic force treatment effects. However, it is especially focused on the latest approaches, published mostly in the last decade which have developed our understanding of the mechanisms accompanying the field action. Generally, the changes in water structure via hydrogen bonding changes, as well as in intraclusters and between interclusters were taken into account, but the most remarkable progress was achieved in 2012 by Coey who applied the non-classical theory of nucleation mechanism of the formation of dynamically ordered liquid like oxyanion polymers (DOLLOP) to explain the magnetic field action. His criterion for the magnetic field effect to occur was experimentally verified. It was also proved that the gradient of the magnetic field is more important than the magnetic field strength itself. Some interesting approaches explaining an enhanced evaporation rate of water by MF are also discussed. More experimental results are needed for further verification of the DOLLOP theory to achieve a more profound understanding of the MF effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Chibowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szcześ
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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11
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Influence of magnetic fields on calcium carbonate scaling in aqueous solutions at 150 °C and 1 bar. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 509:472-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Silva IB, Queiroz Neto JC, Petri DF. The effect of magnetic field on ion hydration and sulfate scale formation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Zaidi NS, Sohaili J, Muda K, Sillanpää M. Magnetic Field Application and its Potential in Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2013.794148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Vardanega R, Tres MV, Mazutti MA, Treichel H, de Oliveira D, Di Luccio M, Oliveira JV. Effect of magnetic field on the ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012. [PMID: 23183845 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluates the effects of a static magnetic field on the permeation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a tangential ultrafiltration membrane module. Experimental tests were carried out at different pHs using a poly(sulfone) membrane with molecular weight cut off of 60 kDa under the influence of a 0.4 T neodymium-iron-boron magnetic field. Results showed an increase in the permeate flux of water after the cleaning procedures of the new and reused membranes in the presence of the magnetic field. The elusive mechanism of magnetic memory is also shown to take place for the water fluxes fully recovered after the cleaning procedures when the magnetic field was applied to the system before the permeation. When the magnetic field was applied during permeation, the water fluxes presented lower percent of recuperation after the cleaning procedures, thus suggesting that the BSA solution may have somewhat been influenced by magnetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Vardanega
- Department of Food Engineering, URI, Campus de Erechim, Erechim, Brazil
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Influence of Magnetic Field on Aqueous NaCl Solutions: A Foundational Research on the Desalination Method Based on the Rotating Electromagnetic Effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate whether magnetic field can improve the seawater desalination efficiency, the influence of magnetic field on the aqueous solutions of NaCl is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that, under the influence of magnetic field, the hydration number of Cl- ions increases and the mobility of hydrated Cl- ions is weakened, while the mean size of water clusters decreases and the mobility of water molecules is enhanced. These may lead to higher salt rejection and water flux by the usage of magnetic field in our novel desalination method based on rotating electromagnetic effect.
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Kuo YC, Lin CW. Effect of electromagnetic field and surface modification on the electrical behavior of novel solid lipid nanoparticles covered with l-arginine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 71:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Knez S, Pohar C. The magnetic field influence on the polymorph composition of CaCO3 precipitated from carbonized aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 281:377-88. [PMID: 15571693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the most debated effects the magnetic fields exert on aqueous solutions and dispersions is their influence on the crystal structure of the main scale component, CaCO3. This study presents the results of an experimental program performed to quantitatively evaluate influence of the key magnetic treatment parameters--magnetic induction, exposure time, and fluid velocity--on the polymorph composition of CaCO3, precipitated from carbonized aqueous solutions. The results show that magnetic treatment favored the precipitation of aragonite. The key treatment parameters affecting the aragonite content were the magnetic induction and the exposure time, while the fluid velocity exerted no significant influence. The magnetic field has no significant influence on the zeta potential of the precipitated particles in any stage of the treatment. These experimental findings indicate that the magnetic field influence on the crystal structure of CaCO3 cannot be attributed to the magnetohydrodynamic influence on the charge distribution within the electrical double layer of the forming crystallites. The results rather suggest that the magnetic fields influence the CaCO3 polymorph phase equilibrium either by influencing the CO2/water interface or through the hydration of CO3(2-) ions prior to the formation of stable crystal nuclei in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Knez
- Faculty for Natural Sciences and Technology, Askerceva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Zhang G, Yang X, Liu Y, Jia Y, Yu G, Ouyang S. Copper(II) adsorption on Ca-rectorite, and effect of static magnetic field on the adsorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 278:265-9. [PMID: 15450442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rectorite is a kind of rare clay mineral. In this work, the sorption of Cu(II) on Ca-rectorite and the effects of static magnetic fields on the sorption have been studied. The results from this study indicated that (1) apparent equilibrium for the sorption of copper onto Ca-rectorite is attained within the first hour; (2) magnetic treatment enhances the zeta potential of Ca-rectorite suspensions in the absence of Cu and reduces that of the suspension in the presence of Cu; (3) magnetic treatment promotes the sorption of Cu onto Ca-rectorite, especially at low Cu concentrations; (4) the effects of static magnetic fields decrease the pH of Ca-rectorite suspensions whether they contain copper or not. The effect mechanisms of static magnetic field on the sorption of Cu onto Ca-rectorite were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoke Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Ohata R, Tomita N, Ikada Y. Effect of a static magnetic field on ion transport in a cellulose membrane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 270:413-6. [PMID: 14697708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A cellulose membrane was exposed to the static magnetic field (SMF) in the presence of KCl solution and ion transport through the membrane was measured before and after the SMF exposure. SMF at 0.24 T significantly enhanced the rate of ion transport, especially after the first exposure (p<0.05), while the increased ion transport rate did not return to the initial basal level after exchange of the aqueous medium. These results suggest that an irreversible, temporal conformation change took place on the cellulose membrane or on the water bound to the cellulose surface. The accelerating effect of SMF on the ion transport seems to have occurred as a result of stabilized hydration layer on the cellulose surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ohata
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan.
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Abstract
This paper discusses the mechanism for magnetic water treatment, which has been used practically for over a century but is still not completely understood. Modified crystallization and agglomeration, which produce a less tenacious scale, retain this property for hours following treatment. It is considered to be a result of magnetically modified hydration and Lorentz force effects of magnetic devices. In treated water, as a complex solution/dispersion system, they affect the kinetics of processes at solution/solid interfaces. Which effect prevails depends on the treatment regime and water composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kozic
- Radenska d.d.Radenci, Zdravilisko naselje 14, 9252 Radenci, Slovenia
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22
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Fukushima M, Kataoka T, Hamada C, Matsumoto M. Evidence of Qi-gong energy and its biological effect on the enhancement of the phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2001; 29:1-16. [PMID: 11321466 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x01000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to test for an effect of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) treated externally with Qi energy ("Qi-treated" PBS) on the phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), rigorously controlled experiments employing masking and randomized procedures were carried out under independent monitoring. In all experiments, Qi treatment was externally applied under monitoring to newly purchased unopened 100 ml bottles of PBS, and the PMN phagocytic activity was assayed by one experimenter in masked, randomized and monitored conditions using a highly sensitive chemiluminescence method. Phagocytic activity data were obtained in triplicate for each sample and then statistically analyzed. The PBS samples Qi-treated by the Qi-gong master and by one of the Qi-gong trainees showed clear stimulation of PMN phagocytic activity which was significant statistically, and this phenomenon was highly reproducible. Out of 10 experiments by the Qi-gong master, only twice did Qi-treatment fail to influence the PBS. The activity of Qi-treated PBS decayed over days or weeks. Furthermore, it was found that Qi-treated PBS had decreased phagocytic stimulatory activity after microwave treatment, but not after autoclave treatment. We also demonstrated that microwave irradiation and infrared laser pulse irradiation have similar effects on PBS as Qi-treatment. The results obtained in this experiment provide evidence of the existence of Qi energy, its ability to influence an electrolyte solution and its biological effect. Furthermore, microwave or infrared laser pulse treatment was found to partly mimic the Qi-treatment of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fukushima
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
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Morimitsu M, Shiomi K, Matsunaga M. Magnetic Effects on Alkylammonium Chloride Solutions Investigated by Interfacial Tension Measurements at the Mercury/Solution Interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 229:641-643. [PMID: 10985846 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of magnetic exposure on several kinds of alkylammonium chloride solutions were investigated using interfacial tension measurements at the mercury/solution interface. The comparison between the electrocapillary curves of magnetized and nonmagnetized solutions revealed that magnetic exposure induced an increase in interfacial tension, and that such an effect was remarkable at around the potential of zero charge. The appearance of the magnetic effect depended on the specific adsorbability of alkylammonium cations, which in turn depended on the kind of cations. The interfacial tension change induced by magnetic exposure quantitatively correlated with the specific adsorbability of the cations. These results indicated that the magnetism induced an effect on the solution of alkylammonium cations having higher specific adsorbabilities. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morimitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensui, Tobata, Kitakyushu, 804-8550, Japan
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Leahy JJ, Macken C, Ryan M. The Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on the Adhesion Behavior of Aqueous Suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 225:209-213. [PMID: 10767162 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of radiofrequency treatment on the adhesion behavior of amidine and carboxylated polystyrene latexes was investigated. The isoelectric points pH(IEP) of copper and zinc were initially measured as 9.4 and 9.5, respectively, using a technique proposed by N. Kallay, Z. Torbic, M. Golic, and E. Matijevic [J. Phys. Chem. 95, 7028 (1991)] based on the attachment of charged colloids to metallic surfaces in an aqueous medium. Statistical analysis showed that the technique was repeatable with a coefficient of variation less than 6% and an accuracy greater than 95%. The effect of a radiofrequency signal (27 MHz) on adhesion behavior was evaluated and it was found that there was reduced attachment at pH values when the colloid and metallic surface were oppositely charged and enhanced attachment between similarly charged particles. It is proposed that this is due to a reduction in the surface potential of the charged particles due to thickening of the adsorbed layer by hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- JJ Leahy
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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