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Denktaş C. Mechanical and film formation behavior from PDMS/NaY zeolite composite membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Denktaş
- Department of PhysicsY.T.Ü. Esenler Istanbul Turkey
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2
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Fluorescence and photon transmission techniques for studying film formation from PS/GO nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Gelir A, Yargi O, Sarli B, Sahinturk U, Aksakal B. Monitoring the film formation process of polystyrene/poly acrylamide (PS/PAAm) composite films annealed by IR heating. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gelir
- Department of Physics; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Onder Yargi
- Department of Physics; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Berkay Sarli
- Department of Physics; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Utkan Sahinturk
- Machine Programme; Department of Mechanical and Metal Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Istanbul University; Istanbul TR-34320 Turkey
| | - Baki Aksakal
- Department of Physics; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler Istanbul 34210 Turkey
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4
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Yargi O, Gelir A, Ozdogan M, Nuhoglu C, Elaissari A. How the infrared radiation affects the film formation process from latexes? J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Yargi
- Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Gelir
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. Ozdogan
- Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - C. Nuhoglu
- Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Elaissari
- Lagep Laboratory; Claude Bernard University; 69622 Lyon-1 France
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5
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Yuan X, Huo D, Qian Q. Effect of annealing on the phase structure and the properties of the film formed from P(St-co-BA)/P(MMA-co-BA) composite latex. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 346:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Kara S, Arda E, Dolastir F, Pekcan Ö. Electrical and optical percolations of polystyrene latex–multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:395-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Uğur Ş, Yargi Ö, Pekcan Ö. Conductivity percolation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polystyrene (PS) latex film. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on film formation behaviour and electrical conductivity properties of polystrene (PS) latex film was investigated by using the photon transmission technique and electrical conductivity measurements. Films were prepared by mixing PS latex with different amounts of MWNTs, varying in the range between 0 and 20 wt%. After drying, MWNT content films were separately annealed above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS, ranging from 100 to 270 °C, for 10 min. To monitor film formation behavior of PS–MWNT composites, transmitted light intensity, Itr, was measured after each annealing step. The surface conductivity of annealed films at 170 °C was measured and found to increase dramatically above a certain fraction of MWNT (4 wt%) following the percolation theory. This fraction was defined as the percolation threshold of conductivity, Rc. The conductivity scales with the mass fraction of MWNT as a power law with exponent 2.27, which is extremely close to the value of 2.0 predicted by percolation theory. In addition, the increase in Itr during annealing was explained by void closure and interdiffusion processes. Film formation stages were modeled and the corresponding activation energies were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş. Uğur
- Department of Physics Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Kadir Has University, Cibali. Istanbul 34230, Turkey
| | - Ö. Yargi
- Department of Physics Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Kadir Has University, Cibali. Istanbul 34230, Turkey
| | - Ö. Pekcan
- Department of Physics Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Kadir Has University, Cibali. Istanbul 34230, Turkey
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8
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Nawaz Q, Rharbi Y. Various modes of void closure during dry sintering of close-packed nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1226-1231. [PMID: 19845341 DOI: 10.1021/la902381b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Film formation from aqueous suspensions of polymer nanoparticles is an important process in many environmental friendly applications and particularly for waterborne coatings. This process occurs via three mains steps: concentration, sintering, and interdiffusion. During the sintering step, the particles in close-packed morphology deform and the interstices between them close under Laplace pressure. This step is crucial in the film formation process since it is where the suspension turns into a uniform defect-free film. Most of the experimental and theoretical studies on sintering assume that the interstices close uniformly over the entire film. We use small-angle neutron scattering to probe void closure between polystyrene nanoparticles. We show that the voids close simultaneously and uniformly throughout the annealing process in large particles. For particles with a diameter smaller than 60 nm, we interpret the results to show that the interstices close heterogeneously at the nanoscopic level: in the beginning of annealing, some interstices close while others enlarge, and eventually they all vanish. The difference between the behavior of large and small particles is related to the high polydispersity of small particles compared to the larger ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Nawaz
- Laboratoire de Rhéologie, UJF/INPG/CNRS, BP 53, Domaine universitaire 38041, Grenoble, France
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9
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Uğur Ş, Elaissari A, Yargi Ö, Pekcan Ö. Reversible film formation from nano-sized PNIPAM particles below glass transition. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Kara S, Pekcan Ö, Sarac A, Arda E. Film formation stages for poly(vinyl acetate) latex particles: a photon transmission study. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Uğur S, Pehlivan E, Tepehan F, Pekcan O. Ceramic encapsulated latex composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 295:457-63. [PMID: 16188272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the encapsulation of latex particles in Al2O3-polystyrene (PS) composite films. These films were prepared from PS particles in Al2O3 dispersion at room temperature in various latex contents. Composite films were annealed at elevated temperatures in 10 min time interval above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene. Transmitted photon intensities, I(tr) were monitored after each annealing step. AFM micrographs were also used to observe the physical changes of the composite films during annealing. It was observed that latex particles are encapsulated above a critical Al2O3 content of 33 wt% which corresponds to the critical occupation probability of p(c) = 0.33 at which the film obey the site-percolation model with a critical exponent of 0.45. Below p(c), it was seen that complete latex film formation process took place, where transparency of the film was increased by annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uğur
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Uğur S, Pekcan O. Film formation from pure and mixed latices; transient fluorescence study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 291:405-10. [PMID: 16009372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A fast transient fluorescence technique was used to study latex film formation induced by organic solvent vapor. Mixtures of pyrene (P)- and naphthalene (N)-labeled and/or pure naphthalene-labeled latex films were prepared separately from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. Then these pure and mixed latex films were exposed to vapor of various chloroform-heptane mixtures in seven different experiments. In both films, fluorescence lifetimes from N were monitored during vapor-induced film formation. It was observed that N lifetimes decreased as the vapor exposure time is increased. A Stern-Volmer kinetic analysis was used for low quenching efficiencies to interpret the decrease in N lifetimes. A Prager-Tirrell model was employed to obtain back-and-forth frequencies, nu, of reptating PMMA chains during latex film formation induced by solvent vapor. In both pure and mixed latex films, nu values were found to be correlated with the chloroform content in the vapor mixture. It was observed that polymer interdiffusion obeyed a t1/2 law during film formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saziye Uğur
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Pekcan O, Ugur S. Swelling of Interpenetrating Networklike Particles in a Soft Polymer Matrix. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 251:409-16. [PMID: 16290747 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2001] [Accepted: 04/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fast transient fluorescence technique was used to monitor swelling of hard latex particles in a soft polymer matrix. Various film samples were prepared from pyrene (P) and/or naphthalene (N)-labeled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles in a low-molecular-weight poly(isobutylene) (PIB) matrix. These PMMA particles contain interpenetrating PIB channels. Film samples were annealed at elevated temperatures to promote particle swelling. Fluorescence lifetimes, tau, were measured for each film sample. It was observed that tau values decrease as the PIB content in the matrix is increased. The decrease in tau was explained by the increase in quenching of excited P and N molecules by low-molecular-weight PIB penetrating into the PIB channels in the PMMA particles. A drastic decrease in tau above a certain temperature was attributed to the effect of particle size on the swelling of the latex particles in the PIB matrix. It was observed that small particles (P-labeled) swell at much lower annealing temperatures than large (N-labeled) particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Pekcan
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 80626, Turkey
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14
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Pekcan O, Arda E. Site Percolation Model for Latex Film Formation in Soft Polymer Matrix. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 250:471-7. [PMID: 16290687 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2001] [Accepted: 03/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The UV-visible (UVV) technique was used to monitor latex film formation in a soft polymer matrix. Various film samples were prepared by increasing the amount of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles in a poly(isobutylene) (PIB) matrix. These samples were then annealed above the glass transition temperature to promote latex film formation. Transmitted photon intensities, Itr, were measured for each film. It is observed that Itr decrease as the latex content is increased, which was explained by the increase in scattered light intensity, Isc. The drastic increase in Isc above a certain latex content is attributed to the site percolation of latex particles in the PIB matrix. The percolation threshold and the critical exponent were measured and found to be 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. The increase in Itr by annealing of film samples above Tg was explained with the void closure process below 0.8 occupation probability. When the film is occupied completely with the latex particles, interdiffusion of polymer chains was observed. Viscous flow and chain diffusion activation energies were determined and found to be 8 and 51 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Pekcan
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 80626, Turkey
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15
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Pekcan �, Adiyaman N, U?ur ? Energy-transfer method to study vapor-induced latex film formation. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Akkök B, Uğur S, Pekcan O. Fast transient fluorescence technique (FTRF) for studying vapor-induced latex film formation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 246:348-55. [PMID: 16290422 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2001] [Accepted: 10/29/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fast transient fluorescence (FTRF) technique was used to study latex film formation induced by organic solvent vapor. Seven different films with the same latex content were prepared separately from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles and exposed to vapor of various chloroform-heptane mixtures in seven different experiments. Latex films were prepared from pyrene (Py)-labeled latex particles and fluorescence lifetimes of Py were monitored during vapor-induced film formation. It was observed that pyrene lifetimes decreased as vapor exposure time increased. A Stern-Volmer kinetic analysis was used for low quenching efficiencies to interpret the decrease in pyrene lifetimes. A Prager-Tirrel model was employed to obtain back-and-forth frequencies, nu, of the reptating PMMA chains during latex film formation induced by solvent vapor. nu values were found to be correlated with chloroform content in vapor mixture. It was observed that polymer interdiffusion obeyed a t(1/2) law during film formation. The results of optical transmission experiments were found to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Akkök
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 80626, Turkey
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17
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Akkök B, Pekcan O, Arda E. Molecular weight effect on latex film formation induced by solvent vapor: an optical transmission study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 245:397-401. [PMID: 16290374 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2001] [Accepted: 08/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two different sets of powder latex film were prepared from high- and low-molecular-weight (HM and LM) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The optical transmission method was used to the study film formation induced by organic vapor. Various HM and LM films with the same latex content were prepared separately from the PMMA particles and exposed to vapor of a chloroform-heptane mixture in various volume percents of chloroform. Transmitted light intensities, I(tr), from these films increased in time under vapor exposure, which was attributed to the increase in "crossing density" at the junction surface. The Prager-Tirrell model was employed to obtain the back-and-forth frequency, nu, of the reptating polymer chain during film formation induced by solvent vapor. nu values were obtained and found to be strongly correlated with the percent of chloroform in the solvent mixture and the molecular weight of the polymer chain. It is observed that high-molecular-weight chains reptate much more slowerly than low-molecular-weight chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Akkök
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 80626, Turkey
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18
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19
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Arda E, Pekcan Ö. Time and temperature dependence of void closure, healing and interdiffusion during latex film formation. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Arda E, Özer F, Pişkin E, Pekcan Ö. Film Formation from Nanosized Copolymeric Latex Particles: A Photon Transmission Study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 233:271-279. [PMID: 11121276 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The photon transmission technique was used to monitor the evolution of transparency during film formation from nanosized copolymeric latex particles. The latex films were prepared from poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) (P(MMA-co-BMA)) particles which were produced by microemulsion polymerization. These films were annealed at elevated temperatures in various time intervals above the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of P(MMA-co-BMA). It is observed that the transmitted photon intensity (I(tr)) from these films increased as the annealing temperature increased. There are three different film formation stages. These stages are explained by the void closure, healing, and interdiffusion processes, respectively. The activation energies for viscous flow (DeltaH approximately 16 kcal/mol), minor chains (DeltaE(H) approximately 27 kcal/mol), and backbone motion (Delta E(b) approximately 132 kcal/mol) were obtained using various models. Void closure (tau(v), T(v)) and healing points (tau(H), T(H)) were determined. Using the time-temperature pairs, void closure and healing activation energies were measured and found to be 21 and 30 kcal/mol, respectively. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arda
- Department of Physics, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
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21
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Pekcan Ö, Arda E. Packing effect on latex film formation and dissolution: a UV–visible study. Des Monomers Polym 2001. [DOI: 10.1163/156855501750536224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Önder Pekcan
- a Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 80626 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertan Arda
- b Department of Physics, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
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22
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Steward PA, Hearn J, Wilkinson MC. An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 86:195-267. [PMID: 10997764 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(99)00037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The literature on polymer latex film formation has grown enormously in recent times--driven by the need to find alternatives for solvent-based systems with their adverse environmental impacts. Although greater insight has been shown by the use of modern instrumental techniques such as small angle neutron scattering, direct non-radiative energy transfer and atomic force microscopy, the actual mechanisms involved in deforming spherical particles into void-free films are still the subject of controversy and debate. Surfactant-free homopolymer model colloid latices, favoured in academic studies, together with latices containing surfactants whose redistribution can influence film properties, and the more complex copolymer, blended, core-shell and pigmented systems needed to satisfy a full range of film properties are all considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Steward
- Nottingham Trent University, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Nottingham, UK
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