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Ahn Furudate M, Hagebaum-Reignier D, Kim JT, Jeung GH. Resonant Ionic, Covalent Bond, and Steric Characteristics Present in 1Σ u+ States of Li 2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113514. [PMID: 35684453 PMCID: PMC9182501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular bonding in the excited states of the alkali dimers involves the resonant ionic, covalent bond and steric interactions. We show here the case of the 1Σu+ states of Li2 by ab initio calculation. These interactions as functions of the internuclear distance lead to complex potential energy curves, providing an important application for high resolution laser spectroscopy. The spectroscopic constants for the 4 and 5 1Σu+ states are obtained for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ahn Furudate
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Denis Hagebaum-Reignier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13007 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: (D.H.-R.); (J.-T.K.)
| | - Jin-Tae Kim
- Department of Photonic Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.-R.); (J.-T.K.)
| | - Gwang-Hi Jeung
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13007 Marseille, France;
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Yuan C, Wu YB, Wang X. N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized homoatomic lithium(0) complexes with a lithium–lithium covalent bond: A theoretical design and characterization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sun W, Zhang Y, Fan Q, Feng H, Fu J, Li H, Ma J, Xiao L, Jia S. Hidden physics in molecular rovibrational spectrum. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 132:32-37. [PMID: 24854134 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An algebraic method for rotational energies (AMr) is proposed to unearth the rotational spectrum {ɛJ} and the rovibrational interaction energies ευJint that are hidden in the rovibrational energies EυJ. The applications to the excited electronic state a3Σu+ of 7Li2 and the ground state X1Σ+ of NaF molecules show that: (1) the rotational energies ɛJ of the lighter 7Li2 molecule have better accuracies than the widely used rigid rotor rotational energies εJrr particularly for the lowest two rotational states, while the rigid rotor model produces satisfied rotational energies for the heavier NaF molecule and (2) the attractive rovibrational interaction energies ευJint stabilize a molecular rovibrational system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Sun
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, PR China; Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, PR China; School of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Qunchao Fan
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, PR China
| | - Hao Feng
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, PR China; School of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Huidong Li
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, PR China; Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
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Musiał M, Kucharski SA. First Principle Calculations of the Potential Energy Curves for Electronic States of the Lithium Dimer. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1200-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ct401076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Musiał
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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Fan Q, Sun W. Studies on the full vibrational spectra and molecular dissociation energies for some diatomic electronic states. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 72:298-305. [PMID: 19022701 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A parameter-free formula is suggested to evaluate the molecular dissociation energy of a stable diatomic electronic system. The full vibrational spectra (E(upsilon)(AM)) and theoretical dissociation energies D(e)(AM) are studied using the algebraic method (AM) and the suggested analytical formula for some electronic states of Li(2), K(2), Na(2), and Sr(2) molecules which have regular (Morse-like) potentials. Both the (E(upsilon)(AM)) and the calculated D(e)(AM) agree excellently with known experimental values for each electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunchao Fan
- Institute of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People's Republic of China
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Dai X, Leone SR. Control of wave packets in Li(2) by shaping the pump and probe pulses for a state-selected pump-probe analysis of the ionization continuum. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014312. [PMID: 17627351 DOI: 10.1063/1.2745793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wave packet signals in Li(2) prepared by shaped pump pulses are also detected with state-selected shaped probe pulses in the ionization continuum. The results show that the final states are discrete Rydberg states instead of continuum states. Final autoionizing states in the continuum are observed and characterized. By selecting specific resonant rovibrational electronic transitions from the superposition states prepared in the wave packets to the final autoionizing states with the pulse shaping system, the modulation depths of the wave packet signals are increased by as much as 5.20+/-0.03 times. Control of the wave packets is also realized by shaping the probe pulses to select specific resonant transitions between the states in the wave packets and the highly excited Rydberg states. The detected amplitude ratio of one specific vibrational quantum beat to one specific rotational quantum beat can be decreased by ten times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Kubkowska M, Grochola A, Jastrzebski W, Kowalczyk P. The C1Πu and states in Li2: Experiment and comparison with theory. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Ugalde JM. Electron correlation in the 3 (1)Sigma(g)+ and 2 (1)Sigma(u)+ excited state lithium molecule. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:234102. [PMID: 17190542 DOI: 10.1063/1.2404665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron correlation effects in the two excited states of Li(2), 3 (1)Sigma(g) (+) and 2 (1)Sigma(u) (+), one with a shelf shape and another with double minima in their potential energy curves, have been studied with the aid of the calculated electron pair density distribution as a function of the internuclear distance and the analysis of the natural orbitals. Both states show increased electron pair densities at intermediate interelectronic distances around the second minimum of their potential energy curves. Since the bond breaks homolitically this observation runs contrary to regular expectations. Analysis of the electron pair density distributions and the natural orbitals provides mechanisms to account for this abnormal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang 313000, People's Republic of China
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Adohi-Krou A, Martin F, Ross AJ, Linton C, Le Roy RJ. Isotope effects and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown in excited singlet states of the lithium dimer. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:6309-16. [PMID: 15446926 DOI: 10.1063/1.1786920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Observation of infrared electronic transitions involving the 1 (1)Deltag state of 7Li2 has instigated an investigation of Born-Oppenheimer breakdown in four singlet electronic states correlating with (2s+2s), (2s+2p), and (2p+2p) lithium atoms. The 1 (1)Deltag state, which correlates at long range with (2p+2p) atoms, has been observed in emission from the (5p) (1)Piu Rydberg state and in 1 (1)Deltag-B (1)Piu bands, in both instances following optical-optical double-resonance excitation. The latter transition was observed previously for the lighter isotopomer, 6Li2 [C. Linton, F. Martin, P. Crozet, A. J. Ross, and R. Bacis, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 158, 445 (1993)]. By analyzing multiple-isotopomer data for several electronic systems simultaneously, we have determined the electronic isotope shifts and the leading vibrational and/or rotational Born-Oppenheimer breakdown terms for the X (1)Sigmag+, A (1)Sigmau+, B (1)Piu, and 1 (1)Deltag states of the lithium dimer. This paper also reports Fourier transform measurements of the B-X absorption spectra of 6Li2 and 7Li2, which were required to better define the bottom portion of the B (1)Piu state potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adohi-Krou
- Laboratoire de Spectrometrie Ionique et Moleculaire, CNRS et Universite Lyon I (UMR 5579) Domaine Scientifique de la Doua, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Li L, Kasahara S, Kabir MH, Sahashi Y, Baba M, Katô H. Nonadiabatic g–u mixing of the F 1Σg+ and 2 1Σu+ states of 6Li7Li. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1374240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Kasahara S, Kowalczyk P, Kabir MH, Baba M, Katô H. Doppler-free UV-visible optical–optical double resonance polarization spectroscopy of the 2 1Σu+ double minimum state and the C 1Πu state of Li2. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1308089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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