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Prasad RR, Mishra N, Kant R, Fox JT, Shoemaker RH, Agarwal C, Raina K, Agarwal R. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin and naproxen) on inflammation-associated proteomic profiles in mouse plasma and prostate during TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion)-driven prostate carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1188-1204. [PMID: 38506376 PMCID: PMC11096027 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies have shown that the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin and naproxen could be an effective intervention strategy against TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-driven prostate tumorigenesis. Herein, as a follow-up mechanistic study, employing TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion) positive tumors and plasma from TMPRSS2-ERG. Ptenflox/flox mice, we profiled the stage specific proteomic changes (focused on inflammatory circulating and prostate tissue/tumor-specific cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling-associated molecules) that contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression in the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-driven mouse model of tumorigenesis. In addition, the association of the protective effects of NSAIDs (aspirin 1400 ppm and naproxen 400 ppm) with the modulation of these specific molecular pathways was determined. A sandwich Elisa based membrane array-proteome profiler identifying 111 distinct signaling molecules was employed. Overall, the plasma and prostate tissue sample analyses identified 54 significant and differentially expressed cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling-associated molecules between PCa afflicted mice (TMPRSS2-ERG. Ptenflox/flox, age-matched noncancerous controls, NSAIDs-supplemented and no-drug controls). Bioinformatic analysis of the array outcomes indicated that the protective effect of NSAIDs was associated with reduced expression of (a) tumor promoting inflammatory molecules (M-CSF, IL-33, CCL22, CCL12, CX3CL1, CHI3L1, and CD93), (b) growth factors- growth signaling-associated molecules (Chemerin, FGF acidic, Flt-3 ligand, IGFBP-5, and PEDF), and (c) tumor microenvironment/stromal remodeling proteins MMP2 and MMP9. Overall, our findings corroborate the pathological findings that protective effects of NSAIDs in TMPSS2-ERG fusion-driven prostate tumorigenesis are associated with antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects and possible modulation of the immune cell enriched microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Raj Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jennifer T. Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robert H. Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Aiolfi A, Bonitta G, Campanelli G, Bona D. Impact of postoperative NSAIDs administration on anastomotic leak after esophago-gastric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Updates Surg 2023:10.1007/s13304-023-01515-6. [PMID: 37186272 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Anastomotic leak (AL) is a feared complication of esophago-gastric surgery. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat postoperative pain. Previous analyses conveyed heterogeneous data for colorectal surgery with a tendency toward high risk for AL after NSAIDs administration. In the setting of upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery data are even more puzzled. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether an association exists between postoperative NSAIDs administration and AL after esophago-gastric surgery. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to November 2022. The included studies evaluated outcomes for NSAIDs vs. no NSAIDs administration after esophago-gastric surgery. The primary outcome was anastomotic leak (AL). Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess pooled effect size and relative inference. Six studies (43,784 patients) were included. The patient age ranged from 31 to 84 years, 82.4% were males and preoperative BMI ranged from 15 to 31 kg/m2. Esophagectomy was performed in 95% of patients. NSAIDs were administered in 18,075 (41.3%) patients. The cumulative incidence of AL was similar for NSAIDs vs. no NSAIDs (13.6% vs. 13.4%). The risk for postoperative AL was similar for NSAIDs vs. no NSAIDs administration (RR 1.49; 95% CI 0.81-2.75; p = 0.19). The cumulative incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding (0.36% vs. 0.39%), acute kidney injury (0.62% vs. 0.71%), and in-hospital mortality (2.39% vs. 2.66%) were comparable. NSAIDs administration for postoperative analgesia seems not associated with an increased risk for AL after esophago-gastric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aiolfi
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, University of Milan, Via C. Belgioioso N.173, 20151, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Bonitta
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, University of Milan, Via C. Belgioioso N.173, 20151, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampiero Campanelli
- Division of General Surgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Bona
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, University of Milan, Via C. Belgioioso N.173, 20151, Milan, Italy
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Metal complexes of NSAIDs as potent anti-tumor chemotherapeutics: Mechanistic insights into cytotoxic activity via multiple pathways primarily by inhibition of COX–1 and COX–2 enzymes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fjederholt KT, Okholm C, Svendsen LB, Achiam MP, Kirkegård J, Mortensen FV. Ketorolac and Other NSAIDs Increase the Risk of Anastomotic Leakage After Surgery for GEJ Cancers: a Cohort Study of 557 Patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:587-594. [PMID: 29134504 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of ketorolac and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on anastomotic leakage after surgery for gastro-esophageal-junction cancer. Within the last two decades, the incidence of gastro-esophageal-junction cancer has increased in the western world and surgery is the curative treatment modality of choice. Anastomotic leakage is a feared complication of gastro-esophageal surgery, as it increases recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used for postoperative pain relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have, however, in colorectal surgery, been shown to increase the risk of anastomotic leakage. METHOD In a historical cohort study, we investigated the impact of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on anastomotic leakage in 557 patients undergoing surgery for gastro-esophageal-junction cancer. Data were collected from a prospective maintained database, the Danish National Patient Registry, and patient medical records. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical models and were stratified for theoretical confounders. RESULTS In univariate analysis, we did not observe any difference in age, gender, tobacco exposure, or comorbidity status between patients experiencing anastomotic leakage and those without. In multivariate analysis, gender, histology, and type of anastomosis proved to affect odds ratios for anastomotic leakage. After adjustment for possible confounders, we found an odds ratio of 6.05 (95% confidence interval 2.71; 13.5) for ketorolac use and of 5.24 (95% confidence interval 1.85; 14.8) for use of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for anastomotic leakage during the first seven postoperative days. CONCLUSION In the present study, we found a strong association between the postoperative use of ketorolac and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk for anastomotic leakage after surgery for gastro-esophageal-junction cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Terp Fjederholt
- Department of Surgery, Section for upper gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie Okholm
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Svendsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Patrick Achiam
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kirkegård
- Department of Surgery, Section for upper gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frank Viborg Mortensen
- Department of Surgery, Section for upper gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Pantovic A, Bosnjak M, Arsikin K, Kosic M, Mandic M, Ristic B, Tosic J, Grujicic D, Isakovic A, Micic N, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. In vitro antiglioma action of indomethacin is mediated via AMP-activated protein kinase/mTOR complex 1 signalling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 83:84-96. [PMID: 27988363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of the intracellular energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the in vitro antiglioma effect of the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin. Indomethacin was more potent than COX inhibitors diclofenac, naproxen, and ketoprofen in reducing the viability of U251 human glioma cells. Antiglioma effect of the drug was associated with p21 increase and G2M cell cycle arrest, as well as with oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and the induction of apoptosis. Indomethacin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and its targets Raptor and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) substrates p70S6 kinase and PRAS40 (Ser183). AMPK knockdown by RNA interference, as well as the treatment with the mTORC1 activator leucine, prevented indomethacin-mediated mTORC1 inhibition and cytotoxic action, while AMPK activators metformin and AICAR mimicked the effects of the drug. AMPK activation by indomethacin correlated with intracellular ATP depletion and increase in AMP/ATP ratio, and was apparently independent of COX inhibition or the increase in intracellular calcium. Finally, the toxicity of indomethacin towards primary human glioma cells was associated with the activation of AMPK/Raptor/ACC and subsequent suppression of mTORC1/S6K. By demonstrating the involvement of AMPK/mTORC1 pathway in the antiglioma action of indomethacin, our results support its further exploration in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Arsikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Mandic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tosic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujicic
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurooncology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Micic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Bonelli P, Tuccillo FM, Borrelli A, Schiattarella A, Buonaguro FM. CDK/CCN and CDKI alterations for cancer prognosis and therapeutic predictivity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:361020. [PMID: 24605326 PMCID: PMC3925518 DOI: 10.1155/2014/361020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cell growth and division occurs in an accurate sequential manner. It is dictated by the accumulation of cyclins (CCNs) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) complexes and degradation of CCNs. In human tumors, instead, the cell cycle is deregulated, causing absence of differentiation and aberrant cell growth. Oncogenic alterations of CCNs, CDKs, and CDKIs have been reported in more than 90% of human cancers, and the most frequent are those related to the G1 phase. Several molecular mechanisms, including gene overexpression, chromosomal translocations, point mutations, insertions and deletions, missense and frame shift mutation, splicing, or methylation, may be responsible for these alterations. The cell cycle regulators are involved in tumor progression given their association with cancers characterized by higher incidence of relapses and chemotherapy resistance. In the last decade anticancer drug researches focused on new compounds, able to target molecules related to changes in genes associated with tumor status. Recently, the studies have focused on the restoration of cell cycle control modulating molecular targets involved in cancer-cell alterations. This paper aims to correlate alterations of cell cycle regulators with human cancers and therapeutic responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Maria Tuccillo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Borrelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Schiattarella
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Guo YC, Chang CM, Hsu WL, Chiu SJ, Tsai YT, Chou YH, Hou MF, Wang JY, Lee MH, Tsai KL, Chang WC. Indomethacin inhibits cancer cell migration via attenuation of cellular calcium mobilization. Molecules 2013; 18:6584-96. [PMID: 23736792 PMCID: PMC6269835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer recurrence and are widely used to modulate inflammatory responses. Indomethacin is an NSAID. Herein, we reported that indomethacin can suppress cancer cell migration through its influence on the focal complexes formation. Furthermore, endothelial growth factor (EGF)-mediated Ca2+ influx was attenuated by indomethacin in a dose dependent manner. Our results identified a new mechanism of action for indomethacin: inhibition of calcium influx that is a key determinant of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Cherng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Che-Mai Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Jin Chiu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Tsai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yii-Her Chou
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yan Wang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Li Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (W.-C.C.); (K.-L.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6187) (W.-C.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2244) (K.-L.T.)
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University-Wanfang Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (W.-C.C.); (K.-L.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6187) (W.-C.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2244) (K.-L.T.)
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Bonelli P, Tuccillo FM, Federico A, Napolitano M, Borrelli A, Melisi D, Rimoli MG, Palaia R, Arra C, Carinci F. Ibuprofen delivered by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to human gastric cancer cells exerts antiproliferative activity at very low concentrations. Int J Nanomedicine 2012. [PMID: 23180963 PMCID: PMC3497877 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies have suggested that ibuprofen, a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits the promotion and proliferation of certain tumors. Recently, we demonstrated the antiproliferative effects of ibuprofen on the human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45. However, high doses of ibuprofen were required to elicit these antiproliferative effects in vitro. The present research compared the antiproliferative effects of ibuprofen delivered freely and released by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) in MKN-45 cells. METHODS MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells were treated with ibuprofen-loaded PLGA NPs. The proliferation of MKN-45 cells was then assessed by cell counting. The uptake of NPs was imaged by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The release of ibuprofen from ibuprofen-loaded PLGA NPs in the cells was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Dramatic inhibition of cellular proliferation was observed in cells treated with ibuprofen-loaded PLGA NPs versus those treated with free ibuprofen at the same concentration. The localization of NPs was cytoplasmic. The initiation of ibuprofen release was rapid, commencing within 2 hours, and then increased slowly over time, reaching a maximum concentration at 24 hours. The inhibition of proliferation was confirmed to be due to the intracellular release of ibuprofen from the NPs. Using PLGA NPs as carriers, ibuprofen exerted an antiproliferative activity at concentrations > 100 times less than free ibuprofen, suggesting greater efficiency and less cellular toxicity. In addition, when carried by PLGA NPs, ibuprofen more quickly induced the expression of transcripts involved in proliferation and invasiveness processes. CONCLUSION Ibuprofen exerted an antiproliferative effect on MKN-45 cells at low concentrations. This effect was achieved using PLGA NPs as carriers of low doses of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis, National Cancer Institute G Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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Changes in the gene expression profile of gastric cancer cells in response to ibuprofen: a gene pathway analysis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:412-28. [PMID: 20548326 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs possess antiproliferative activities that can affect cancer cells. The aim of this study was to examine the antiproliferative effects of ibuprofen on the MKN-45 cell line. Cells were treated with ibuprofen for 24, 48 or 72 h, and cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. Using microarray technology, we studied changes in the gene expression profiles over time after ibuprofen treatment. Ibuprofen induced a dose- and time-dependent reduction in cell number without altering cell viability. Genes involved in the 'biological oxidation' and 'G(1)/S checkpoint' pathways were the most significantly represented at 24 h, whereas genes involved in the 'cell cycle' and 'DNA replication' pathways were represented at 48 and 72 h. Genes associated with the 'apoptosis' pathway were also significantly represented at 72 h. Modulation of the expression of p53 and p53-induced genes (CDKN1A/p21 and GADD45), which are involved in the G(1)/S transition, suggested an effect of ibuprofen on cell-cycle progression. Using flow cytometry, we observed an early block in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle after ibuprofen treatment. In addition, P450 family transcripts were upregulated and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased following 12 h of ibuprofen treatment. Ibuprofen induced ROS, which resulted in cellular alterations that promoted a p53-dependent G(1) blockade. These findings suggest that ibuprofen exerts its antiproliferative actions through cell-cycle control and the induction of apoptosis. Both of these mechanisms appear to be independent of ibuprofen's anti-inflammatory effects.
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Wang X, Budel S, Baughman K, Gould G, Song KH, Strittmatter SM. Ibuprofen enhances recovery from spinal cord injury by limiting tissue loss and stimulating axonal growth. J Neurotrauma 2009; 26:81-95. [PMID: 19125588 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2007.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The GTP-binding protein RhoA regulates microfilament dynamics in many cell types and mediates the inhibition of axonal regeneration by myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Unlike most other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen suppresses basal RhoA activity (Zhou et al., 2003). A recent report suggested that ibuprofen promotes corticospinal axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (Fu et al., 2007). Here, we confirm that ibuprofen reduces ligand-induced Rho signaling and myelin-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth in vitro. Following 4 weeks of subcutaneous administration of ibuprofen, beginning 3 days after spinal cord contusion, animals recovered walking function to a greater degree, with twice as many rats achieving a hind limb weight-bearing status. We examined the relative role of tissue sparing, axonal sprouting, and axonal regeneration in the action of ibuprofen. Histologically, ibuprofen-treated animals display an increase in spared tissue without an alteration in astrocytic or microglial reaction. Ibuprofen increases axonal sprouting from serotonergic raphespinal axons, and from rostral corticospinal fibers in the injured spinal cord, but does not permit caudal corticospinal regeneration after spinal contusion. Treatment of mice with complete spinal cord transection demonstrates long-distance raphespinal axon regeneration in the presence of ibuprofen. Thus, administration of ibuprofen improves the recovery of rats from a clinically relevant spinal cord trauma by protecting tissue, stimulating axonal sprouting, and allowing a minor degree of raphespinal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Shirin H, Moss SF, Kancherla S, Kancherla K, Holt PR, Weinstein IB, Sordillo EM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:1388-93. [PMID: 16911681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are each associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage, but the extent and direction of their interactions remain controversial. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to examine whether specific NSAIDs inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. METHODS Sodium salicylate, ibuprofen, indomethacin, the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398 and two derivatives of sulindac sulfoxide were tested against two laboratory strains of H. pylori, the mouse-adapted Sydney strain, and against seven fresh clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Possible effects on Campylobacter jejuni, Staphyloccoccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella boydii were also examined. RESULTS Certain NSAIDs possess antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori at therapeutically achievable doses; an effect that appears to be independent of cyclooxygenase enzymes inhibition. For Helicobacter pylori, >90% growth inhibition and bactericidal activity were observed consistently for sulindac sulfide at < or =70 microg/mL and sulindac sulfone at < or =175 microg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration against Helicobacter pylori was 125 microg/mL for ibuprofen, 100 microg/mL for indomethacin and 300 microg/mL for NS-398 but much higher concentration of sodium salicylate (4000 microg/mL) and sulindac sulfoxide (> or =1250 microg/mL) were required to inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSIONS The decreased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in specimens from some NSAID users and the chemopreventive effects of NSAIDs in gastric cancer may be related to inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Shirin
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Pangburn HA, Kraus H, Ahnen DJ, Rice PL. Sulindac metabolites inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor activation and expression. J Carcinog 2005; 4:16. [PMID: 16138927 PMCID: PMC1208922 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3163-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with a decreased mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC). NSAIDs induce apoptotic cell death in colon cancer cells in vitro and inhibit growth of neoplastic colonic mucosa in vivo however, the biochemical mechanisms required for these growth inhibitory effects are not well defined. We previously reported that metabolites of the NSAID sulindac downregulate extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling and that this effect is both necessary and sufficient for the apoptotic effects of these drugs. The goal of this project was to specifically test the hypothesis that sulindac metabolites block activation and/or expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR). METHODS HT29 human colon cancer cells were treated with EGF, alone, or in the presence of sulindac sulfide or sulindac sulfone. Cells lysates were assayed by immunoblotting for phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR, pY1068), total EGFR, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), total ERK1/2, activated caspase-3, and alpha-tubulin. RESULTS EGF treatment rapidly induced phosphorylation of both EGFR and ERK1/2 in HT29 colon cancer cells. Pretreatment with sulindac metabolites for 24 h blocked EGF-induced phosphorylation of both EGFR and ERK1/2 and decreased total EGFR protein expression. Under basal conditions, downregulation of pEGFR and total EGFR was detected as early as 12 h following sulindac sulfide treatment and persisted through at least 48 h. Sulindac sulfone induced downregulation of pEGFR and total EGFR was detected as early as 1 h and 24 h, respectively, following drug treatment, and persisted through at least 72 h. EGFR downregulation by sulindac metabolites was observed in three different CRC cell lines, occurred prior to the observed downregulation of pERK1/2 and induction of apoptosis by these drugs, and was not dependent of caspase activation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that downregulation of EGFR signaling by sulindac metabolites may occur, at least in part, by inhibiting activation and expression of EGFR. Inhibition of EGFR signaling may account for part of the growth inhibitory and chemopreventive effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Pangburn
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Denver, USA
| | - Hanna Kraus
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA
| | - Dennis J Ahnen
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Denver, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Denver, USA
| | - Pamela L Rice
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Denver, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Denver, USA
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13
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Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of indomethacin (IN) on human colon cancer cell line SW480 with p53 mutant and SW480 transfected wild-type p53 (wtp53/SW480) in vitro and investigate molecular mechanism of anti-tumor effect of IN on colon cancer.
METHODS: SW480 cells and wtp53/SW480 cells were treated with different concentrations of IN respectively, the expressions of CDK2, CDK4 and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein were detected by Western blotting.
RESULTS: IN gradually down-regulated the expression of CDK2, CDK4 protein of wtp53/SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibitory effect reached the maximum level at 600 μmol/L; IN up-regulated the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein in a dose-dependent manner at a certain concentration range, and the expression reached the maximum level at 400 μmol/L, and returned to the base level at 600 μmol/L. The expression of CDK2, CDK4 and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein of SW480 cells did not change.
CONCLUSION: IN exerts antitumor effect partly through down regulation of the expression of CDK2, CDK4 protein and up regulation of the expression of p21WAF1/PIC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 141 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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14
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Khwaja F, Allen J, Lynch J, Andrews P, Djakiew D. Ibuprofen Inhibits Survival of Bladder Cancer Cells by Induced Expression of the p75NTR Tumor Suppressor Protein. Cancer Res 2004; 64:6207-13. [PMID: 15342406 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce inflammation and as analgesics by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. At higher concentrations, some NSAIDs inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Although several molecular mechanisms have been postulated to explain the anticancer effects of NSAIDs, they do not involve merely the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, and a more proximate initiator molecule may be regulated by NSAIDs to inhibit growth. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a proximate cell membrane receptor glycoprotein that has been identified as a tumor and metastasis suppressor. We observed that NSAID treatment of cell lines from bladder and other organs induced expression of the p75NTR protein. Of the different types of NSAIDs examined, ibuprofen was more efficacious than aspirin and acetaminophen and comparable with (R)-flurbiprofen and indomethacin in induction of p75NTR protein expression. This rank order NSAID induction of the p75NTR protein correlated with the ability of these NSAIDs to reduce cancer cell survival. To examine a mechanistic relationship between ibuprofen induction of p75NTR protein and inhibition of survival, bladder cancer cells were transfected with ponasterone A-inducible vectors that expressed a death domain-deleted (DeltaDD) or intracellular domain-deleted (DeltaICD) p75NTR product that acts as a dominant negative antagonist of the intact p75NTR protein. Expression of DeltaDD and DeltaICD rescued cells from ibuprofen inhibition of growth. These observations suggest that p75NTR is an important upstream modulator of the anticancer effects of NSAIDs and that ibuprofen induction of the p75NTR protein establishes an alternate mechanism by which ibuprofen may exert an anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khwaja
- Department of Cell Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-1436, USA
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15
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Abstract
Vast numbers of individuals who have stopped smoking have already been exposed to critical amounts of tobacco combustion products and are at significant risk of developing lung cancer. If these individuals are diagnosed with regional or distant metastatic disease this condition is not typically curable with existing systemic therapy. The need for more effective tools to detect and intervene with early lung cancer detection is a pressing public health priority. A major challenge in this regard is the development of safe and effective lung cancer chemoprevention. The factors influencing the development of this new clinical tool are reviewed in the context of existing trends for lung cancer care. Existing pharmaceutical efforts have involved evaluation of existing treatments for advanced cancer or other disorders in early lung cancer. The paper describes approaches to tailor chemoprevention development specifically to the biological, pharmacological and anatomical realities of this most lethal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Mulshine
- Intervention Section, Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1906, USA.
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16
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Hull MA, Gardner SH, Hawcroft G. Activity of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin against colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2003; 29:309-20. [PMID: 12927571 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7372(03)00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence from rodent colon carcinogenesis models, in vitro experiments with human colorectal cancer cells and limited clinical observations in humans suggest that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin has anti-colorectal cancer activity. However, although many mechanisms of the anti-neoplastic activity of indomethacin have been suggested, e.g., cyclooxygenase inhibition and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation, the precise relevance of the majority of in vitro pharmacological observations to the in vivo anti-neoplastic activity of indomethacin remains unclear. Herein, we review the existing literature describing the chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic efficacy of indomethacin against colorectal cancer, and draw together the disparate literature describing potential mechanisms of action of indomethacin in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Although indomethacin itself has significant adverse effects, including serious upper gastrointestinal toxicity, the development of novel derivatives that may have an improved safety profile means that further investigation of the anti-colorectal cancer activity of indomethacin is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hull
- Molecular Medicine Unit, University of Leeds, Clinical Sciences Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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17
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Hawcroft G, Gardner SH, Hull MA. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma does not explain the antiproliferative activity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin on human colorectal cancer cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 305:632-7. [PMID: 12606626 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.048769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the anticolorectal cancer activity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin is poorly understood. Indomethacin inhibits both cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, but it may also act via COX-independent targets. Indomethacin can bind and activate the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. Moreover, natural and synthetic PPARgamma ligands can induce growth arrest and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the antiproliferative activity of indomethacin on human colorectal cancer cells in vitro is explained by a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism of action. Human colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and HCT116 both expressed functional PPARgamma. Indomethacin directly activated PPARgamma in both cell lines (HCT116 > SW480). A dominant-negative PPARgamma strategy was used to demonstrate that endogenous PPARgamma represses proliferation of HCT116 cells (compatible with tumor suppressor activity) but that the presence of functional PPARgamma is not necessary for the antiproliferative activity (or reduction in cyclin D1 protein) associated with indomethacin in vitro. In summary, indomethacin (>100 microM) directly activates PPARgamma in human colorectal cancer cells. However, PPARgamma activation does not underlie the antineoplastic activity of indomethacin on human colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hawcroft
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Clinical Sciences Bldg., St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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18
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Nithipatikom K, Isbell MA, Lindholm PF, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Kaul S, Campell WB. Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003; 19:593-601. [PMID: 12498388 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020915914376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The PC-3 Low Invasive cells and the PC-3 High Invasive cells were used to investigate the correlation of the COX-2 expression and its arachidonic acid metabolites, prostaglandins, with their invasiveness through Matrigel using a Boyden chamber assay. The COX-2 expression in PC-3 High Invasive cells was approximately 3-fold higher than in PC-3 Low Invasive cells while the COX-1 expression was similar in both cell sublines. When incubated with arachidonic acid, PGE2 was the major prostaglandin produced by these cells. PC-3 High Invasive cells produced PGE2 approximately 2.5-fold higher than PC-3 Low Invasive cells. PGD2 was the second most abundant prostaglandin produced by these cells. Both indomethacin (a nonspecific COX inhibitor) and NS-398 (a specific COX-2 inhibitor) inhibited the production of prostaglandins and the cell invasion. PGE2 alone did not induce the cell invasion of PC-3 Low Invasive cells. However, PGE2 reversed the inhibition of cell invasion by NS-398 and enhanced the cell invasion of the PC-3 High Invasive cells. In contrast, PGD2 slightly inhibited the cell invasion. These results suggest that in the PC-3 Low Invasive cells, COX-2-derived PGE2 may not be sufficient to induce cell invasion while in the PC-3 High Invasive cells, PGE2 may be sufficient to act as an enhancer for the cell invasion. Further, PGD2 may represent a weak inhibitor and counteracts the effect of PGE2 in the cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Nithipatikom
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
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Torrance CJ, Jackson PE, Montgomery E, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Wissner A, Nunes M, Frost P, Discafani CM. Combinatorial chemoprevention of intestinal neoplasia. Nat Med 2000; 6:1024-8. [PMID: 10973323 DOI: 10.1038/79534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination of two drugs afforded remarkable protection from intestinal neoplasia in APC(Min/+) mice, a murine model of human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). One of the drugs was sulindac, a prototypical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with established chemopreventative activity. The second drug was EKI-569, a newly developed, irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase. Although 100% of the untreated APC(Min/+) mice developed approximately 20 polyps, nearly half the mice treated with these two agents developed no polyps at all. These results suggest a powerful strategy for the chemoprevention of human colonic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Torrance
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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20
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Kokoska ER, Smith GS, Miller TA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs attenuate proliferation of colonic carcinoma cells by blocking epidermal growth factor-induced Ca++ mobilization. J Gastrointest Surg 2000; 4:150-61. [PMID: 10675238 DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(00)80051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis. We have previously reported that NSAIDs, in human colonic carcinoma cells (Caco-2), attenuate epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cellular proliferation through a process independent of their inhibitory effects on prostaglandin synthesis. Furthermore, separate studies have also suggested that NSAIDs inhibit EGF-induced store-operated Ca++ influx. Thus we developed the hypothesis that NSAIDs may limit the activity of EGF by altering intracellular Ca++ ([Ca++]i) mobilization. Serum-deprived Caco-2 cells were employed for all experimentation. [Ca++]i was measured with Fluo-3 and extracellular Ca++ influx was monitored by quenching Fluo-3 fluorescence with Mn++. Proliferation was quantitated with two assays: cellular nucleic acid and total protein content. Caco-2 cells exposed to EGF demonstrated an initial increase in [Ca++]i which was blocked by neomycin, an inhibitor of IPsubscript 3 generation, and the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 but not U73343 (inactive control). This was followed by sustained extracellular Ca++ influx, which was attenuated with calcium-free buffer (-Ca++), the store- operated Ca++ channel blocker lanthanum, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and aspirin. In subsequent studies, cells were treated with either serum-free media or EGF +/- the aforementioned inhibitors, and again serum starved. Cells exposed to EGF +/- the inactive phospholipase C inhibitor U73343 demonstrated a significant increase in nucleic acid and protein. However, proliferation induced by EGF was not observed when [Ca++]i elevation was prevented by blocking either internal Ca++ store release via phospholipase C/IPsubscript 3 or sustained Ca++ influx through store-operated Ca++ channels. Sustained [Ca++]i elevation, as induced by EGF, appears to be required for mitogenesis. These data support our premise that one mechanism whereby NSAIDs may attenuate colonic neoplasia is by blocking EGF-induced Ca++ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Kokoska
- Theodore Cooper Surgical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Kokoska ER, Wolff AB, Smith GS, Miller TA. Epidermal growth factor-induced cytoprotection in human intestinal cells involves intracellular calcium signaling. J Surg Res 2000; 88:97-103. [PMID: 10644473 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1999.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism(s) whereby epidermal growth factor (EGF) protects against cellular injury remains poorly understood. Previous data in our laboratory have suggested that EGF-induced cellular proliferation in human colonic carcinoma cells (Caco-2) may involve changes in intracellular calcium content ([Ca(2+)](i)). Our current objective was to determine if a similar process was involved with EGF-induced cytoprotection. METHODS Postconfluent Caco-2 cells were employed for all experimentation. [Ca(2+)](i) was measured with Fluo-3 fluorescence. Injury was measured employing Ethidium homodimer 1 uptake and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. RESULTS Caco-2 cells pretreated, but not concomitantly treated, with EGF (10-100 ng/ml, 30-60 min) significantly attenuated cellular injury induced subsequently by 500 microM deoxycholate (DC). Cells exposed to 100 ng/ml EGF demonstrated an initial increase in [Ca(2+)](i) (1-5 min) which was blocked with neomycin, an inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) generation, and the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, but not U73343 (inactive control). This was followed by sustained extracellular Ca(2+) influx (5-20 min), which was attenuated with calcium-free buffer and the store operated Ca(2+) channel blocker La(3+). [Ca(2+)](i) then returned to baseline (20-30 min), a process blocked with the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitors quercetin and vanadate. The above treatments, which in and of themselves did not induce cellular injury, were repeated and cells were subsequently exposed to DC. All groups exposed to 500 microM DC demonstrated significant increases in both Ethidium Homodimer 1 uptake and LDH release. Both indices of injury were significantly decreased when cells were pretreated with EGF +/- the inactive PLC inhibitor U73343. However, protection induced by EGF was lost when any of its effects on changes in [Ca(2+)](i) were prevented: internal Ca(2+) store release via PLC and IP(3), sustained Ca(2+) influx through store operated Ca(2+) channels, or subsequent Ca(2+) efflux. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the cytoprotective effects of EGF may involve Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Kokoska
- Theodore Cooper Surgical Research Institute, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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