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Pathak D, Shrivastav D, Verma AK, Alsayegh AA, Yadav P, Khan NH, Al-Harbi AI, Khan MI, Bihade K, Singh DD, Beg MMA. Role of metabolizing MTHFR gene polymorphism (rs1801133) and its mRNA expression among Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:511-516. [PMID: 35673506 PMCID: PMC9167251 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 Diabetes is a glucose metabolic disorder occurred by insulin insensitivity in which folate metabolism plays an important role. it is believed that polymorphism of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, results are conflicted. therefore, in this study we re-examine the relationship between MTHFR C677T in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS Present research work included 100 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) cases and 100 healthy individuals. After the blood sample collection all the biochemical parameters were evaluated among the T2DM cases and healthy individuals. DNA and RNA extraction from whole blood was done to study the MTHFR gene polymorphism by allele specific polymerase chain reaction method and its expression analysis was done by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS The significant difference was observed in genotype distribution among case and control group (p=0.0002). Compared with wildtype CC genotype, CT heterozygous (OR=2.95, 95% Cl=1.62-5.38) and TT homozygous (OR=3.20, CI=1.79-5.73) suggest to have effect of MTHFR polymorphism on type 2 mellitus risk. Moreover, relative MTHFR mRNA expression was found for wild type CC genotype 3.02-fold, CT heterozygous genotype 2.57 fold and mutant TT homozygous genotype 0.50-fold which is down regulated (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results indicates that the polymorphism in MTHFR C677T plays significant role in type II diabetes risk. MTHFR CT heterozygous and mutant TT genotype showed reduced mRNA expression among the T2DM patients. However, large scale case-control studies are needed to strengthen such conclusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pathak
- Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Amit K. Verma
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, GKV, Haridwar, India
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasant Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
| | | | - Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arras, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kapil Bihade
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan Jaipur, India
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Faculty of Medicine, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Centre for promotion of Medical Research, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Mabhida SE, Muhamed B, Sharma JR, Apalata T, Nomatshila S, Mabasa L, Benjeddou M, Masilela C, Ziqubu K, Shabalala S, Johnson R. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism (rs1801133) and the Risk of Hypertension among African Populations: A Narrative Synthesis of Literature. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:631. [PMID: 35456437 PMCID: PMC9027465 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have gathered and analyzed the available genetic evidence on the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), rs1801133 and the risk of Hypertension (HTN) in African populations, which was further compared to the global data evidence. This review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet) guidelines. Literature was retrieved through major search databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and African Journal Online. We identified 64 potential studies, of which 4 studies were from the African continent and 60 studies were reported globally. Among the studies conducted in Africa, only two (n = 2) reported a significant association between the MTHFR (rs1801133) and the risk of developing HTN. Only one (n = 1) study population was purely composed of black Africans, while others were of other ethnicities. Among studies conducted in other continents (n = 60), forty-seven (n = 47) studies reported a positive association between MTHFR (rs1801133) and the risk of developing HTN, whereas the remaining studies (n = 14) did not show a significant association. Available literature suggests an apparent association between rs1801133 and HTN in global regions; however, such information is still scarce in Africa, especially in the black African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Babu Muhamed
- Division of Infections Disease, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Teke Apalata
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
- National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Nomatshila
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Behavior, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
| | - Lawrence Mabasa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Charity Masilela
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Samukelisiwe Shabalala
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
- National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Meng H, Huang S, Yang Y, He X, Fei L, Xing Y. Association Between MTHFR Polymorphisms and the Risk of Essential Hypertension: An Updated Meta-analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:698590. [PMID: 34899823 PMCID: PMC8662810 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.698590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 1990s, there have been a lot of research on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and different diseases, including many studies on 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH). Nevertheless, their conclusions were controversial. So far, six previous meta-analyses discussed the internal relationship between the MTHFR polymorphism and EH, respectively. However, they did not evaluate the credibility of the positive associations. To build on previous meta-analyses, we updated the literature by including previously included papers as well as nine new articles, improved the inclusion criteria by also considering the quality of the papers, and applied new statistical techniques to assess the observed associations. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the degree of risk correlation between two MTHFR polymorphisms and EH. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wan Fang electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. We evaluated the relation between the MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) polymorphisms and EH by calculating the odds ratios (OR) as well as 95% confidence intervals (CI). Here we used subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis, assessment of publication bias, meta-regression meta, False-positive report probability (FPRP), Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP), and Venice criterion. RESULTS Overall, harboring the variant of MTHFR C677T was associated with an increased risk of EH in the overall populations, East Asians, Southeast Asians, South Asians, Caucasians/Europeans, and Africans. After the sensitivity analysis, positive results were found only in the overall population (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30, P h = 0.032, I 2 = 39.8%; TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29, P h = 0.040, I 2 = 38.1%; T vs. C: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25, P h = 0.005, I 2 = 50.2%) and Asian population (TC vs. CC: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, P h = 0.265, I 2 = 16.8%; TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.30, P h = 0.105, I 2 = 32.9%; T vs. C: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.19, P h = 0.018, I 2 = 48.6%). However, after further statistical assessment by FPRP, BFDP, and Venice criteria, the positive associations reported here could be deemed to be false-positives and present only weak evidence for a causal relationship. In addition, when we performed pooled analysis and sensitivity analysis on MTHFR A1298C; all the results were negative. CONCLUSION The positive relationships between MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with the susceptibility to present with hypertension were not robust enough to withstand statistical interrogation by FPRP, BFDP, and Venice criteria. Therefore, these SNPs are probably not important in EH etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Shaoyan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaogauan First People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Department of science and education, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Liping Fei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yuping Xing
- Neurology Department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Folate metabolism: Impact of involved genetic variants on homocycteine and folate levels in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fu L, Li Y, Luo D, Deng S, Wu B, Hu Y. Evidence on the causal link between homocysteine and hypertension from a meta-analysis of 40 173 individuals implementing Mendelian randomization. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:1879-1894. [PMID: 31769183 PMCID: PMC8030561 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous researchers have investigated the associations among methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism, homocysteine (Hcy) concentration, and hypertension. However, the results are controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis implementing Mendelian randomization approach was conducted to examine the hypothesis that elevated Hcy concentration plausibly contributes to increased risk of hypertension. Based on several inclusion and exclusion criteria, eligible studies were selected to explore the correlation between MTHFR C677T and hypertension risk, MTHFR C677T and Hcy concentration in hypertension, and Hcy concentration and hypertension, and they were evaluated by odds ratios (ORs), effect size (ES), and standard mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), respectively. Moreover, Mendelian randomization was implemented to evaluate the relationship between Hcy and hypertension. Consequently, 14 378 cases and 25 795 controls were involved in this study and the results showed that MTHFR C677T led to an elevated risk of hypertension (for T vs C: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.17-1.37; for TT vs CC: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.30-1.79). Additionally, in hypertensive subjects, the pooled Hcy concentration in individuals of TT genotype was 7.74 μmol/L (95% CI: 5.25-10.23) greater than that in individuals of CC genotype. Moreover, the pooled Hcy concentration in hypertensive was 0.69 μmol/L (95% CI: 0.50-0.87) greater than that in controls. The estimated causal OR associated with hypertension was 1.32 for 5 μmol/L Hcy increment. Via MTHFR C677T polymorphism, the findings in the present study demonstrated that there exists evidence on causal link between Hcy concentration and the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of BiostatisticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ya‐nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of BiostatisticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dongmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of BiostatisticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Information and Computing ScienceSchool of Mathematics and PhysicsAnhui University of TechnologyMaanshanChina
| | - Shufang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of BiostatisticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of BiostatisticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue‐Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of BiostatisticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Gupta S, Rai V. Distribution of MTHFR C677T Gene Polymorphism in Healthy North Indian Population and an Updated Meta-analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 32:399-410. [PMID: 29062171 PMCID: PMC5634971 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of folate pathway. Several polymorphisms were reported in MTHFR gene but C677T polymorphism is most studied and it has been reported to be risk factor for several diseases/disorders. The present study was designed to explore the frequency of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in North Indian healthy population. In addition to this a meta-analysis of published articles was also performed to estimate the global prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A total of 1000 unrelated healthy subjects were selected for MTHFR C677T polymorphism analysis. Different databases were searched for eligible articles. Prevalence proportion with 95 % CI was used to determine global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype. Meta-analysis was performed by Open meta-analyst. In 1000 blood samples analyzed, the frequency of T allele and TT genotype was 11 and 1 % respectively. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype were 24.0 % (95 % CI 21.7-26.5) and 7.7 % (95 % CI 6.5-8.9) respectively. In sub-group meta-analysis, the lowest frequency of T allele was found in Africans (10.3 %; 95 % CI 3.8-16.8), and highest in Europeans (34.1 %; 95 % CI 31.9-36.3). The frequency of T allele in the North India is 11 %. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the frequency of the T allele and the TT genotype of C677T is highest in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
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Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) (C677T and A1298C) Polymorphisms and Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:366-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 75:405-14. [PMID: 27170501 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical deficiency of the B-vitamin riboflavin (vitamin B2) is largely confined to developing countries; however accumulating evidence indicates that suboptimal riboflavin status is a widespread problem across the developed world. Few international data are available on riboflavin status as measured by the functional biomarker, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient, considered to be the gold standard index. One important role of riboflavin in the form of flavin dinucleotide is as a co-factor for the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Homozygosity for the common C677T polymorphism in MTHFR, affecting over 10 % of the UK and Irish populations and up to 32 % of other populations worldwide, has been associated with an increased risk of CVD, and more recently with hypertension. This review will explore available studies reporting riboflavin status worldwide, the interaction of riboflavin with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the potential role of riboflavin in personalised nutrition. Evidence is accumulating for a novel role of riboflavin as an important modulator of blood pressure (BP) specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, with results from a number of recent randomised controlled trials demonstrating that riboflavin supplementation can significantly reduce systolic BP by 5-13 mmHg in these genetically at risk adults. Studies are however required to investigate the BP-lowering effect of riboflavin in different populations and in response to doses higher than 1·6 mg/d. Furthermore, work focusing on the translation of this research to health professionals and patients is also required.
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El Hajj Chehadeh SW, Jelinek HF, Al Mahmeed WA, Tay GK, Odama UO, Elghazali GEB, Al Safar HS. Relationship between MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Emirati population. Meta Gene 2016; 9:70-5. [PMID: 27222819 PMCID: PMC4856855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes with clinical consequences giving rise to chronic multiple organ complications. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms are genetic variations that have been linked to T2DM, and micro/macrovascular complications. The link between MTHFR and T2DM however is strongly dependent on the ethnic group studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between two MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and T2DM and specifically examine if there are any associations with clinical and demographic characteristics among patients in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods The study included 169 T2DM patients and 209 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using TaqMan real-Time PCR assays for the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. Results There were no significant differences in genotype and haplotype distributions observed between groups. A significant association was observed between the C677T polymorphism and history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (p = 0.0330), history of nephropathy (p = 0.0280) and levels of LDL cholesterol (p = 0.0409). Also, the A1298C polymorphism was associated with hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.0305) in T2DM patients. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the MTHFR gene polymorphisms are not related to T2DM in the Emirati population. However, these polymorphisms can be used as risk markers for CVA, nephropathy, high LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in T2DM patients and allow timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- School of Community Health and Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wael A Al Mahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Unini O Odama
- Landmark Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Talladega, AL, USA
| | - Gehad E B Elghazali
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba S Al Safar
- Khalifa University Center of Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Gupta S, Rai V. Role of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism in the susceptibility of schizophrenia: An updated meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 20:41-51. [PMID: 27025471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the key enzyme of folate/homocysteine metabolic pathway. C677T polymorphism of MTHFR gene was reported as risk factor for congenital defects, metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Numerous case-control studies investigated C677T polymorphism as risk factor for schizophrenia but results of these studies were contradictory. To draw a conclusion, a meta-analysis of all available case-control studies was performed. PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link and Elsevier databases were searched for eligible case-control studies. Pooled odds ratio with 95%CI was used as an association measure and all statistical analyses were performed by Open Meta-Analyst and MIX software. Total 38 studies with 10,069 cases and 13,372 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. Results of meta-analysis showed significant associated between C677T polymorphism and risk of schizophrenia (ORTvsC=1.18, 95%CI=1.10-1.27, p=<0.001; ORCTvsCC=1.10, 95%CI=1.04-1.17, p=<0.001; ORTTvsCC=1.40, 95%CI=1.20-1.64, p=<0.001; ORTT+CTvsCC=1.19, 95%CI=1.09-1.30, p=<0.001). We also performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analysis was done according to ethnicity and significant association was found between C677T polymorphism and risk of schizophrenia in all three ethnic populations-African (OR=2.51; 95%CI=1.86-3.40; p=<0.001), Asian (OR=1.21; 95%CI=1.10-1.33; p=<0.001) and Caucasian (OR=1.07; 95%CI=1.01-1.14; p=0.01). In conclusion the results of the present meta-analysis suggested that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a risk factor for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222 003, UP, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222 003, UP, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222 003, UP, India.
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Settin A, El-Baz R, Ismaeel A, Tolba W, Allah WA. Association of ACE and MTHFR genetic polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Susceptibility and complications. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:838-843. [PMID: 24452036 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313516172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS/INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes have been proposed to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with conflicting results. This work was planned in order to check for the association of these polymorphisms with the susceptibility for and complications of T2DM among Egyptian cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a case controlled study involving 203 patients with T2DM and 311 healthy controls. Polymorphic variants of ACE I>D and MTHFR (677 C>T and 1298 A>C) were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction analysis technique. RESULTS The susceptibility to T2DM was higher among subjects having the MTHFR 677TT (odds ratio (OR)=2.2, p=0.01), MTHFR 1298 AA (OR=1.84, p=0.001) and ACE (ID+II) (OR=2.0, p=0.0007) genotypes. Logistic regression analysis showed that MTHFR 677T allele was a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) (OR=3.47, p<0.001), diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) (OR=5.2, p<0.0001) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR=2.9, p<0.05), while MTHFR 1298 C allele was a risk factor for DR (OR=4.2, p<0.001) and the ACE DD genotype was a risk factor for DPN (OR=3.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The MTHFR 677 TT genotype was associated with T2DM susceptibility and complications (DR, DPN and IHD). The MTHFR 1298 CC, AC and ACE DD genotypes were associated with DR and DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wafaa Tolba
- Zoology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Roffeei SN, Mohamed Z, Reynolds GP, Said MA, Hatim A, Mohamed EHM, Aida SA, Zainal NZ. Association of FTO, LEPR and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotics. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:477-85. [PMID: 24624915 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in schizophrenia patients receiving long-term antipsychotics (APs) contributes to their high mortality rate. We aimed to determine whether genetic polymorphisms of identified candidate genes are associated with MS in our study population. MATERIALS & METHODS We recruited 206 schizophrenia patients receiving AP treatment for at least a year. Cross-sectional measurements of weight, height, blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, and other lipid profiles were recorded. Patient DNA was genotyped for 16 candidate gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Of these patients, 59.7% were found to have MS while 40.3% did not. All metabolic parameters were significantly different between the two groups. Only three of the 16 polymorphisms studied showed significant association with MS; rs9939609 of the FTO gene confers risk for MS (odds ratio [OR]: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.07-2.78, p = 0.026), while rs1137101 of the LEPR gene (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28-0.80, p = 0.005) and rs1801133 of the MTHFR gene (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35-0.99, p = 0.049) are protective against MS. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of the FTO, LEPR and MTHFR genes may play a role in MS in Malaysian schizophrenia patients receiving long-term treatment with APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norsyuhada Roffeei
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wu YL, Hu CY, Lu SS, Gong FF, Feng F, Qian ZZ, Ding XX, Yang HY, Sun YH. Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T/A1298C polymorphisms and essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism 2014; 63:1503-11. [PMID: 25458833 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have investigated the role of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) C677T/A1298C polymorphisms in essential hypertension (EH), but results are inconclusive. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to clarify the effects of MTHFR C677T/A1298C polymorphisms on the risk of EH. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies published until January 2014. Data were extracted by two independent authors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95%confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between MTHFR C677T/A1298C polymorphisms and the risk of EH using random effect models or fixed effect models. Finally,30 studies with 5207 cases and 5383 controls were included for C677T polymorphism and 6 studies with 1009 cases and 994 controls were included for A1298C polymorphism. RESULTS Meta-analysis results indicated that MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributed to an increased risk of EH (for T vs. C: OR=1.30, 95%CI=1.18–1.43; for TT+CT vs. CC: OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.24–1.46; for TT vs. CC: OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.32–1.99; for TT vs. CT+CC: OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.26–1.59). However, no significant association was detected between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and the risk of EH. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports that MTHFR C677T polymorphism plays a role in developing EH. MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may not be associated with an increased risk of EH. Further large and well-designed studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Le Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
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Máchal J, Pávková-Goldbergová M, Hlinomaz O, Groch L, Vašků A. Patients with chronic three-vessel disease in a 15-year follow-up study: genetic and non-genetic predictors of survival. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e278. [PMID: 25526459 PMCID: PMC4603099 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and non-genetic predictors of 15-year survival in patients with chronic three-vessel disease (3VD) were investigated. Coronary angiography was performed on 810 subjects with symptoms of stable ischemic heart disease in 1998. The patients with 3VD were genotyped for 23 candidate polymorphisms covering the PPAR-RXR pathway, matrix metalloproteinase-2, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelin-1, cytokine genes, MTHFR and APO E variants. Fifteen-year survival data were obtained from the national insurance registry. All data were available in the case of 150 patients with 3VD. Statistical analysis used stepwise Cox regression with dominant, recessive, or additive mode of genetic expression. Involved variables included age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, diabetes, ejection fraction, left main stenosis, previously diagnosed coronary stenosis, myocardial infarction in personal history, and coronary bypass along with polymorphisms pre-selected by log-rank tests. Out of the 23 polymorphisms, four were included in the model construction. SNP in the IL-6 gene rs1800795 (-174 G/C) has been found to be a significant predictor of survival. This SNP was in a linkage disequilibrium with rs1800797 (-597 G/A) in the same gene (D'=1.0), which was also found to constitute a significant predictor of survival when rs1800795 was not included in the model construction. Age, increased BMI, diabetes, low EF, and left main stenosis were also significant predictors in all models. Age, increased BMI, diabetes, low ejection fraction, left main stenosis, and genetic variation in the IL-6 promoter were established as significant independent risk factors for the survival of patients with three-vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Máchal
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic (JM, MPG, AV); International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic (JM, LG, OH); and First Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic (OH, LG)
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Rai V, Yadav U, Kumar P, Yadav SK, Mishra OP. Maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and down syndrome risk: a meta-analysis from 34 studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108552. [PMID: 25265565 PMCID: PMC4180743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of folate metabolic pathway which catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate donates methyl group for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine. Several studies have investigated maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism as a risk factor for DS, but the results were controversial and inconclusive. To come into a conclusive estimate, authors performed a meta-analysis. AIM A meta-analysis of published case control studies was performed to investigate the association between maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism and Down syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer Link databases were searched to select the eligible case control studies using appropriate keywords. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95%confidence interval were calculated for risk assessment. RESULTS Thirty four studies with 3,098 DS case mothers and 4,852 control mothers were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled OR was estimated under five genetic models and significant association was found between maternal MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and Down syndrome under four genetic models except recessive model (for T vs. C, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09-1.46, p = 0.001; for TT vs. CC, OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.13-1.97, p = 0.008; for CT vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.10-1.51, p = 0.001; for TT+CT vs. CC, OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.13-1.60, p = 0.0008; for TT vs. CT+CC, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.94, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of the present meta-analysis support that maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a risk factor for DS- affected pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Om Prakesh Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Yang KM, Jia J, Mao LN, Men C, Tang KT, Li YY, Ding HX, Zhan YY. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: A meta-analysis of 10,415 subjects. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:699-708. [PMID: 25054014 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism has been suggested to be associated with the risk of essential hypertension (EH), however, results remain inconclusive. To investigate this association, the present meta-analysis of 27 studies including 5,418 cases and 4,997 controls was performed. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated using the random-effects model. A significant association between the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and EH was found under the allelic (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.20-1.45; P=0.000), dominant (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.25-1.55; P=0.000), recessive (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18-1.62; P=0.000), homozygote (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.32-1.92; P=0.000), and heterozygote (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.20-1.45; P=0.000) genetic models. A strong association was also revealed in subgroups, including Asian, Caucasian and Chinese. The Japanese subgroup did not show any significant association under all models. Meta-regression analyses suggested that the study design was a potential source of heterogeneity, whereas the subgroup analysis additionally indicated that the population origin may also be an explanation. Another subgroup analysis revealed that hospital-based studies have a stronger association than population-based studies, however, the former suffered a greater heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger's test manifested no evidence of publication bias. In conclusion, the present study supports the evidence for the association between the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and EH in the whole population, as well as in subgroups, such as Asian, Caucasian and Chinese. The carriers of the 677T allele are susceptible to EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ming Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chen Men
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Kang-Ting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Bahadır A, Eroz R, Türker Y. Does the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism indicate cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients? Anatol J Cardiol 2014; 15:524-30. [PMID: 25537992 PMCID: PMC5337029 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2014.5555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the relationship among biochemical and cardiac risk parameters with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: One hundred seven T2DM subjects with severe CVD diagnosed by angiography were included consecutively in this cross-sectional study. Biochemical and clinical parameters were obtained from patients who were not positive for nephropathy and retinopathy. MTHFR C677T genotypes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Normally and abnormally distributed continuous variables were analyzed using student t- and Mann-Whitney U tests. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: In the study, 31 T2DM subjects had the CC (29.0%), 62 had the CT (57.9%), and 14 had the TT (13.1%) genotypes. There were no significant differences between subjects with wild-type (677CC) and with mutant (677CT+677TT) alleles in terms of diabetes duration, visceral fat area, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine (Hcy), and carotid intima-media thickness values. Conclusion: This study suggests that MTHFR gene polymorphisms can not be used as a marker for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzel Bahadır
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University; Düzce-Turkey.
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Yang B, Fan S, Zhi X, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang D, He M, Hou Y, Zheng Q, Sun G. Associations of MTHFR gene polymorphisms with hypertension and hypertension in pregnancy: a meta-analysis from 114 studies with 15411 cases and 21970 controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87497. [PMID: 24505291 PMCID: PMC3914818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies have investigated the associations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with hypertension (H) or hypertension in pregnancy (HIP). However, the results were controversial. We therefore performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to provide empirical evidences on the associations. METHODOLOGIES The English and Chinese databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations. Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis and assessment of publication bias were performed in our study. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 114 studies with 15411 cases and 21970 controls were included, 111 studies with 15094 cases and 21633 controls for the C677T polymorphism and 21 with 2533 cases and 2976 controls for the A1298C polymorphism. Overall, the C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with H and HIP (H & HIP: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.17-1.34; H: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.20-1.53; HIP: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08-1.32). Stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a significant association among East Asians and Caucasians, but not among Latinos, Black Africans, and Indians and Sri Lankans. In the stratified analyses according to source of controls, genotyping method, sample size and study quality, significant associations were observed in all the subgroups, with the exception of population based subgroup in H studies and large sample size and "others" genotyping method subgroups in HIP studies. For the A1298C polymorphism, no significant association was observed either in overall or subgroup analysis under all genetic models. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the MTHFR C677T rather than A1298C polymorphism may be associated with H & HIP, especially among East Asians and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Yang
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhi
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Wang
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao He
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Quanmei Zheng
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guifan Sun
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Huang T, Ren J, Huang J, Li D. Association of homocysteine with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis implementing Mendelian randomization approach. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:867. [PMID: 24320691 PMCID: PMC3878883 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level is causally associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESULTS The meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis were performed among 4011 cases and 4303 controls. The absolute pooled mean Hcy concentration in subjects with MTHFR 677TT was 5.55 μmol/L (95% CI, 1.33 to 9.77) greater than that in subjects with MTHFR 677CC in T2DM. Overall, the T allele of the MTHFR 677 C > T conferred a greater risk for T2DM [Random effect (RE) OR = 1.31(1.17-1.64), I² = 41.0%, p = 0.055]. The random effect (RE) pooled OR associated with T2DM for MTHFR 677TT relative to the 677CC was [RE OR = 1.38(1.18-1.62)]. The fixed-effect pooled OR of the association for the MTHFR 677 TT vs CT was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.09-1.51). MTHFR 677 TT showed a significantly higher risk for T2DM compared with MTHFR 677 CC + CT [Fixed effect (FE) OR = 1.32(1.14-1.54), I² = 0.0%, p = 0.686]. The absolute pooled mean Hcy concentration in individuals with T2DM was 0.94 μmol/L (95% CI, 0.40-1.48) greater than that in control subjects. The estimated causal OR associated with T2DM was 1.29 for 5 μmol/L increment in Hcy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided strong evidence on the causal association of Hcy level with the development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical folate-metabolising enzyme which requires riboflavin as its co-factor. A common polymorphism (677C→T) in the MTHFR gene results in reduced MTHFR activity in vivo which in turn leads to impaired folate metabolism and elevated homocysteine concentrations. Homozygosity for this polymorphism (TT genotype) is associated with an increased risk of a number of conditions including heart disease and stroke, but there is considerable variability in the extent of excess risk in various reports. The present review will explore the evidence which supports a role for this polymorphism as a risk factor for a number of adverse health outcomes, and the potential modulating roles for B-vitamins in alleviating disease risk. The evidence is convincing in the case which links this polymorphism with hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, particularly preeclampsia. Furthermore, elevated blood pressure was found to be highly responsive to riboflavin intervention specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype. Future intervention studies targeted at these genetically predisposed individuals are required to further investigate this novel gene-nutrient interaction. This polymorphism has also been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTD) and other adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the evidence in this area has been inconsistent. Preliminary evidence has suggested that there may be a much greater need for women with the MTHFR 677TT genotype to adhere to the specific recommendation of commencing folic acid prior to conception for the prevention of NTD, but this requires further investigation.
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Zhong JH, Rodríguez AC, Yang NN, Li LQ. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74521. [PMID: 24023947 PMCID: PMC3762795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to comprehensively assess the literature examining a possible link between the rs1801133 polymorphism (677C → T) in the gene encoding the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Several research databases were systematically searched for studies examining the genotype at the rs1801133 polymorphism in healthy control individuals and individuals with type 2 DM. Genotype frequency data were examined across all studies and across subsets of studies according to ethnicity and presence of serious DM-related complications. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 4855 individuals with type 2 DM and 5242 healthy controls from 15 countries comprising Asian, Caucasian and African ethnicities were found to satisfy the inclusion criteria and included in the review. Genotype at the rs1801133 polymorphism was not consistently associated with either increased or reduced risk of type 2 DM; the OR across all studies was 0.91 (95%CI 0.82 to 1.00) for the C- vs. T-allele, 0.88 (0.75 to 1.03) for CC vs. CT+TT, 0.82 (0.71 to 0.95) for CC vs. TT, and 1.15 (1.03 to 1.29) for TT vs. CC+CT. Similar results were found when the meta-analysis was repeated separately for each ethnic subgroup, and for subgroups with or without serious DM-related complications. CONCLUSIONS There does not appear to be compelling evidence of an association between the genotype at the rs1801133 polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and risk of type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Zhong
- Surgery Oncology Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - A. Chapin Rodríguez
- Surgery Oncology Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Training Department, Association for Promotion of Multimedia Education (UMNA), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Nursing Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Surgery Oncology Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in Arab ethnicity: a meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 520:166-77. [PMID: 23458876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this meta-analysis study, SNPs were investigated for their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both Arab and Caucasian ethnicities. A total of 55 SNPs were analyzed, of which 11 fulfilled the selection criteria, and were used for analysis. It was found that TCF7L2 rs7903146 was significantly associated with a pooled OR of 1.155 (95%C.I.=1.059-1.259), p<0.0001 and I(2)=78.30% among the Arab population, whereas among Caucasians, the pooled OR was 1.45 (95%C.I.=1.386-1.516), p<0.0001 and I(2)=77.20%. KCNJ11 rs5219 was significantly associated in both the populations with a pooled OR of 1.176(1.092-1.268), p<0.0001 and I(2)=32.40% in Caucasians and a pooled OR of 1.28(1.111-1.475), p=0.001 among Arabs. The ACE I/D polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with a pooled OR of 1.992 (95%C.I.=1.774-2.236), p<0.0001 and I(2)=83.20% among the Arab population, whereas among Caucasians, the pooled OR was 1.078 (95%C.I.=0.993-1.17), p=0.073 and I(2)=0%. Similarly, MTHFR C677T polymorphism was also found to be significantly associated among Arabs with a pooled OR of 1.924 (95%C.I.=1.606-2.304), p<0.0001 and I(2)=27.20%, whereas among Caucasians, the pooled OR was 0.986 (95%C.I.=0.868-1.122), p=0.835 and I(2)=0%. Meanwhile PPARG-2 Pro12Ala, CDKN2A/2B rs10811661, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, HHEX rs7923837, CDKAL1 rs7754840, EXT2 rs1113132 and SLC30A8 rs13266634 were found to have no significant association with T2D among Arabs. In conclusion, it seems from this study that both Arabs and Caucasians have different SNPs associated with T2D. Moreover, this study sheds light on the profound necessity for further investigations addressing the question of the genetic components of T2D in Arabs.
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Al-Harbi EM, Farid EM, Gumaa KA, Darwish AH, Alenizi M, Singh J. Genetic combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme with methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bahrain. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:172-7. [PMID: 23447104 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313478286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bahrain has a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previously, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was found to be associated with T2DM in Bahrainis. The relationship between the disease progression in Bahraini T2DM population and the genetic polymorphism of methylene-tetrahydrofolate-reductase (MTHFR) C677T is still under investigation. AIM The current study investigated the distribution of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism among Bahraini T2DM patients and examined the interaction between ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms on the risk of developing T2DM and its long-term complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to test for the presence of ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms in 171 patients with T2DM compared to 188 healthy (non-diabetic) age-matched control subjects from Bahrain. RESULTS The incidence of the DD genotype and D allele of the ACE gene was high among Bahraini T2DM patients. MTHFR allele and genotype frequencies did not differ between patients and controls. No significant relationship was identified between the combinations of ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly showed an association of the ACE I/D polymorphism with the progression of T2DM, but when it interacts with MTHFR polymorphism no influence was detected on the increased risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einas M Al-Harbi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetic Center, State of Kuwait
| | - Eman M Farid
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Khalid A Gumaa
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Abdulla H Darwish
- Department of Pathology, Bahrain Defense Force Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mohammad Alenizi
- General Department of Criminal Evidences, Ministry of Interior, Farwaneyia, State of Kuwait
| | - Jaipaul Singh
- School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, UK
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AbdRaboh NR, Badr S, Ali S. Prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Alghasham A, Settin AA, Ali A, Dowaidar M, Ismail H. Association of MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms with hypertension. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2012; 6:3-11. [PMID: 23267299 DOI: 10.12816/0005968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To check for the association of genetic polymorphisms related to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene namely C677T and A1298C with hypertension in Saudi affected subjects from Qassim region. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Participants included 123 Saudi hypertensive cases (83 males and 40 females) in addition to 250 (142 males and 108 females) unrelated healthy controls from the same locality. Their age mean ±SD was 50.93 ± 15.43 years. For all subjects, DNA was extracted followed by real-time PCR amplifications for characterization of genotypes and alleles related to MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms RESULTS Total cases showed significantly higher carriage rate for the mutant allele 677T compared to controls (40.7% vs. 26%, OR=1.9, 95% CI= 1.2-3.1) with a lower frequency of the wild type 677CC genotype (59.3% vs. 74%, p=0.004). The same was observed among cases-subgroups of hypertension associated with obesity with a notably higher odds ratio (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.3-5.01, p=0.004). Total cases showed also significantly higher frequency of mutant 1298 C allele carriage rate compared to controls (59.3% vs. 42.4%, OR=1.98, 95% CI= 1.3-3.1) with a lower frequency of the normal AA genotype (40.7% vs. 57.6%, p=0.003). The same was observed among cases-subgroups of hypertension associated with both diabetes and obesity and among cases of hypertension with obesity, also with higher odds ratio (OR=2.6 and 2.2 respectively). CONCLUSION This work showed that genetic polymorphisms related to the MTHFR gene are associated with the risk of hypertension particularly when accompanied with obesity and diabetes among Saudi subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alghasham
- Molecular Biology Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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Qin X, Li J, Zhang Y, Ma W, Fan F, Wang B, Xing H, Tang G, Wang X, Xu X, Xu X, Huo Y. Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Chinese hypertensive adults aged 45 to 75 years. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42538. [PMID: 22880024 PMCID: PMC3411819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes and their associated factors in 17,184 Chinese hypertensive adults aged 45–75 years. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in a rural area of Lianyungang, China. Previously undiagnosed diabetes [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0mmol/l] and IFG (6.1–6.9mmol/l) were defined based on FPG concentration. Previously diagnosed diabetes was determined on the basis of self-report. Total diabetes included both previously diagnosed diabetes and previously undiagnosed diabetes. Results The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and IFG were 3.4%, 9.8%, and 14.1%, respectively. About 74.2% of the participants with diabetes had not previously been diagnosed. In the multivariable logistic-regression model, older age, men, antihypertensive treatment, obesity (BMI ≥25kg/m2), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥90cm for men and ≥80cm for women), non-current smoking, a family history of diabetes, higher heart rate, lower physical activity levels, and inland residence (versus coastal) were significantly associated with both total diabetes and previously undiagnosed diabetes. Furthermore, methylene- tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 TT genotype was an independent associated factor for total diabetes, and current alcohol drinking was an independent associated factor for previously undiagnosed diabetes. At the same time, older age, men, abdominal obesity, non-current smoking, current alcohol drinking, a family history of diabetes, higher heart rate, and inland residence (versus coastal) were important independent associated factors for IFG. Conclusion In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of diabetes in Chinese hypertensive adults. Furthermore, about three out of every four diabetic adults were undiagnosed. Our results suggest that population-level measures aimed at the prevention, identification (even if only based on the FPG evaluation), and treatment of diabetes should be urgently taken to overcome the diabetes epidemic in Chinese hypertensive adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Qin
- Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Houxun Xing
- Lianyungang Center for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases, Lianyungang, China
| | - Genfu Tang
- School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (Xiping Xu); (YH)
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (Xiping Xu); (YH)
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Tabassum R, Jaiswal A, Chauhan G, Dwivedi OP, Ghosh S, Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D. Genetic variant of AMD1 is associated with obesity in urban Indian children. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33162. [PMID: 22496743 PMCID: PMC3322123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. Manifestation of these chronic metabolic disorders starts in early life marked by increase in body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that perturbations in homocysteine metabolism in early life could be a link between childhood obesity and adult metabolic disorders. Thus here we investigated association of common variants from homocysteine metabolism pathway genes with obesity in 3,168 urban Indian children. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We genotyped 90 common variants from 18 genes in 1,325 children comprising of 862 normal-weight (NW) and 463 over-weight/obese (OW/OB) children in stage 1. The top signal obtained was replicated in an independent sample set of 1843 children (1,399 NW and 444 OW/OB) in stage 2. Stage 1 association analysis revealed association between seven variants and childhood obesity at P<0.05, but association of only rs2796749 in AMD1 [OR = 1.41, P = 1.5×10(-4)] remained significant after multiple testing correction. Association of rs2796749 with childhood obesity was validated in stage 2 [OR = 1.28, P = 4.2×10(-3)] and meta-analysis [OR = 1.35, P = 1.9×10(-6)]. AMD1 variant rs2796749 was also associated with quantitative measures of adiposity and plasma leptin levels that was also replicated and corroborated in combined analysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides first evidence for the association of AMD1 variant with obesity and plasma leptin levels in children. Further studies to confirm this association, its functional significance and mechanism of action need to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Tabassum
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Jaiswal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ganesh Chauhan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash Dwivedi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Raman K. Marwaha
- Department of Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Wilson CP, Ward M, McNulty H, Strain JJ, Trouton TG, Horigan G, Purvis J, Scott JM. Riboflavin offers a targeted strategy for managing hypertension in patients with the MTHFR 677TT genotype: a 4-y follow-up. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:766-72. [PMID: 22277556 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.026245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that the elevated blood pressure (BP) observed in patients with cardiovascular disease who are homozygous for the 677C→T polymorphism (TT genotype) in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) was responsive to supplementation with riboflavin-the cofactor for MTHFR. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the effect of riboflavin on BP targeted at patients with the TT genotype 4 y after initial investigation, during which time major changes in the clinical guidelines for antihypertensive therapy were introduced. DESIGN A total of 83 patients (representing all 3 genotypes) who participated in a placebo-controlled riboflavin intervention for 16 wk in 2004 agreed to take part. Nested within this follow-up, those with the TT genotype (n = 31) proceeded to intervention with riboflavin (1.6 mg/d for 16 wk) or placebo, conducted in a crossover style whereby the 2004 treatment groups were reversed. RESULTS At follow-up in 2008, as in 2004, patients with the TT genotype had higher systolic BP (P < 0.01), with a nonsignificant trend noted for higher diastolic BP (P = 0.051). Despite the marked changes in antihypertensive therapy that had occurred, BP remained unchanged in patients with the TT genotype at the time of follow-up. Riboflavin supplementation (administered in 2004 and 2008) produced an overall decrease in systolic (-9.2 ± 12.8 mm Hg; P = 0.001) and diastolic (-6.0 ± 9.9 mm Hg; P = 0.003) BP. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing riboflavin status offers a low-cost targeted strategy for managing elevated BP in this genetically at-risk group. These findings, if confirmed in the general population, could have important implications for the prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Wilson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Marosi K, Ágota A, Végh V, Joó JG, Langmár Z, †Kriszbacher I, Nagy ZB. The role of homocysteine and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine synthase, methionine synthase reductase polymorphisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:445-53. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in the developed countries. Elevated homocysteine level is as an independent risk factor of CVDs. The C677T and A1298C variants of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) have been shown to influence folate and homocysteine metabolisms. However, the relationship between MTHFR polymorphisms and hyperhomocysteinemia has not been well established yet. The gene variants were also reported to be associated with CVDs. In addition, the C677T polymorphisms may play a role in the development of hypertension. Recent research evidence has suggested that MTHFR variants might be independently linked to CVDs and hypertension, because of the involvement of the MTHFR enzyme product (5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate /5-MTHF) in the regulation of endothelial functions. Further research is required to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of folate-metabolizing enzymes and CVDs, and to identify the possible role of the relevant gene variants in the molecular pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 445–453.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - József Gábor Joó
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika Budapest
- Genetikával az Egészségért Egyesület Budapest
| | | | | | - Zsolt B. Nagy
- NAGY GÉN Diagnosztikai és Kutatási Kft. Budapest
- Genetikával az Egészségért Egyesület Budapest
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Niu W, Qi Y. An updated meta-analysis of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene 677C/T polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 95:110-8. [PMID: 22056717 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 677C/T polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy have so far reported inconclusive results. We therefore aim to address this inconclusiveness by conducting a meta-analysis. Random-effects model was applied irrespective of between-study heterogeneity. Data and study quality were assessed in duplicate. A total of 7807 and 1599 subjects from 21 and 8 studies were analyzed for diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy, respectively. Carriers of 677TT genotype were 1.71 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.02-2.88; P=0.042) and 2.89 (95% CI: 1.51-5.53; P=0.001) times more likely to develop diabetic nephropathy separately relative to diabetic patients without nephropathy and nondiabetic controls. Likewise, this association was preserved for diabetic patients with retinopathy referring to those without (odds ratio [OR]=1.86; 95% CI: 1.21-2.86; P=0.004). Subgroup analyses showed that ethnicity was a possible confounder, especially in West Asians and Africans, and so were gender and duration of diabetes mellitus in diabetic nephropathy studies. Probability of publication bias was low across all comparisons as reflected by the funnel plot and corresponding test. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MTHFR gene 677TT genotype might confer a moderately augmented risk for diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Benrahma H, Abidi O, Melouk L, Ajjemami M, Rouba H, Chadli A, Oudghiri M, Farouqui A, Barakat A. Association of the C677T polymorphism in the human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with the genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Moroccan population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 16:383-7. [PMID: 22103601 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem around the world. The C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been reported to be associated with T2DM and its complications. This study aimed to investigate this association in the Moroccan population. METHODS A case-control study was performed among 282 Moroccan diabetic patients and 232 healthy controls. The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction, followed by enzymatic digestion with HinfI and MboII enzymes, respectively. RESULTS There was a significant association between C677T polymorphism and T2DM in both additive and dominant models. In addition, the 677T allele frequency differed significantly between the diabetic and control groups (26.06% vs. 33.20%, respectively). However, no significant association was found between A1298C polymorphism and T2DM. The frequencies of combined genotypes 677CC/1298AA and 677CT/1298AC differed significantly between the diabetic and control groups (32.62% vs. 20.61% and 9.57% vs. 17.55%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results show an evident association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and T2DM in Moroccan patients but no significant association with the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Benrahma
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Humaine, Département de Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Common variants of homocysteine metabolism pathway genes and risk of type 2 diabetes and related traits in Indians. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:960318. [PMID: 21960995 PMCID: PMC3179901 DOI: 10.1155/2012/960318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disorder, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, is prevalent among Indians who are at high risk of these metabolic disorders. We evaluated association of common variants of genes involved in homocysteine metabolism or its levels with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related traits in North Indians. We genotyped 90 variants in initial phase (2.115 subjects) and replicated top signals in an independent sample set (2.085 subjects). The variant MTHFR-rs1801133 was the top signal for association with type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.78 (95% CI = 0.67-0.92), P = 0.003) and was also associated with 2 h postload plasma glucose (P = 0.04), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.004), and total cholesterol (P = 0.01) in control subjects. These associations were neither replicated nor significant after meta-analysis. Studies involving a larger study population and different ethnic groups are required before ruling out the role of these important candidate genes in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related traits.
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Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) and elevated homocysteine are reported as independent risk factors for CVD and stroke in particular. The main genetic determinant of homocysteine concentrations is homozygosity (TT genotype) for the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, typically found in approximately 10% of Western populations. The B-vitamins folate, vitamin B12and vitamin B6are the main nutritional determinants of homocysteine, with riboflavin more recently identified as a potent modulator specifically in individuals with the TT genotype. Although observational studies have reported associations between homocysteine and BP, B-vitamin intervention studies have shown little or no BP response despite decreases in homocysteine. Such studies, however, have not considered the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, which has been shown to be associated with BP. It has been shown for the first time that riboflavin is an important determinant of BP specifically in individuals with the TT genotype. Research generally suggests that 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring provides a more accurate measure of BP than casual measurements and its use in future studies may also provide important insights into the relationship between the MTHFR polymorphism and BP. Further research is also required to investigate the association between specific B-vitamins and BP in individuals with different MTHFR genotypes in order to confirm whether any genetic predisposition to hypertension is correctable by B-vitamin intervention. The present review will investigate the evidence linking the MTHFR C677T polymorphism to BP and the potential modulating role of B-vitamins.
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Mehri S, Koubaa N, Nakbi A, Hammami S, Chaaba R, Mahjoub S, Zouari B, Abid M, Ben Arab S, Baudin B, Hammami M. Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Tunisian patients. Clin Biochem 2009; 43:259-66. [PMID: 19857476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms as being risk factors for diabetes is still controversial. The aim was to investigate the distribution of ACE and MTHFR genotypes as well as to evaluate the role of plasmatic total homocysteine levels (tHcy) and ACE activity in Tunisian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN AND METHODS 115 T2DM patients compared to 116 healthy volunteers. RESULTS The ACE I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with diabetes (p<0.0001). The DD genotype and D allele were more frequent in patients compared to control group [DD: OR=4.93; p<0.0001; 95 % CI: 2.71-8.97; D: OR=3.08, 95% CI: 2.09-4.51 p<0.0001]. MTHFR allele and genotype frequencies did not differ between patients and controls. The susceptibility to diabetes in individuals with genotypes DD+vTT was 13.39 and in the individuals with DD+CT was 6.57 times that of the controls. However, individuals with genotypes ID+CC or II+CT have a protective effect against diabetes. The DD and TT genotypes were associated with significantly higher ACE activity and tHcy levels in diabetics. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that ACE ID polymorphism may act synergistically with MTHFR C677T polymorphism to assess diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounira Mehri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, UR Human Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Avicenne St., 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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Ilhan N, Kucuksu M, Kaman D, Ilhan N, Ozbay Y. The 677 C/T MTHFR polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, and higher homocysteine levels. Arch Med Res 2007; 39:125-30. [PMID: 18068006 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension (EH) and cardiovascular disease are common, multifactorial disorders likely to be influenced by multiple genes of modest effect. The C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism is related to MTHFR enzyme activity and to plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration. This study was designed to investigate an association of this polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD), EH, and healthy subjects. METHODS In this study, we measured serum folate, serum vitamin B12, and plasma homocysteine and determined the MTHFR C677T genotype of 78 patients with essential hypertension, 100 patients with coronary artery disease, and 100 healthy subjects. MTHFR genotypes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS CC, CT, and TT genotype frequencies were 52, 44.0, and 4.0% in patients with CAD, respectively. In patients with essential hypertension, the CC, CT, and TT genotype frequencies were 46.2, 41.0, and 12.8%, respectively. In control subjects, the CC, CT, and TT genotype frequencies were 72.0, 26.0, and 2.0%, respectively. The C allele was significantly more frequent in controls compared with patients with EH (p<0.05), and CC genotypes were more frequent in controls compared to patients with EH and CAD. Homocysteine level was higher in TT genotypes in CAD patients compared with CC and CT genotypes (p<0.01). MTHFR gene polymorphism is an independent risk factor for EH but not for CAD. CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype of the 677C/T MTHFR polymorphism is associated with EH and CAD. In addition, TT genotypes had higher plasma Hcy levels in CAD patients compared with CC and CT genotypes. MTHFR gene polymorphism is an independent risk factor for EH but not for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Ilhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat Universty Medical Center, Elazig, Turkey
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Qian X, Lu Z, Tan M, Liu H, Lu D. A meta-analysis of association between C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and hypertension. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 15:1239-45. [PMID: 17726486 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was implicated to be associated with hypertension due to its role in catalyzing the formation of 5-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Association studies were reported in different populations; however, a great number of subsequent studies have produced contrary results, possibly reflecting inadequate statistical power. With the cumulative data in recent years in both Caucasian and Asian populations, it was necessary to carry out a comprehensive analysis of previous findings. In this meta-analysis, we combined 26 English and Chinese studies in Caucasian and Asian populations published up to November 2006 to give a new picture of the role of the C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene. Evidence of significant association was detected between C677T polymorphism and hypertension in both populations. Additionally, the significant association between C677T polymorphism and hypertension/hypertension-in-pregnancy suggested that this polymorphism was one independent risk factor of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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37
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Markan S, Sachdeva M, Sehrawat BS, Kumari S, Jain S, Khullar M. MTHFR 677 CT/MTHFR 1298 CC genotypes are associated with increased risk of hypertension in Indians. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 302:125-31. [PMID: 17333388 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goals of our present study were to measure plasma homocysteine levels and determine their association with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) in essential hypertensive subjects. Plasma total homocysteine and folic acid levels were measured in essential hypertensive patients (n = 153) before and after oral supplementation with either 5 mg folic acid tablet/day or 5 mg placebo/day for 4 weeks and compared with age and sex matched normotensive controls (n = 133). MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism and correlated with plasma homocysteine levels. Homocysteine levels were significantly higher in hypertensive patients as compared to controls and showed a negative correlation with plasma folate levels. Folic acid supplementation (5 mg/day) for 4 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in plasma homocysteine concentrations in these patients. Patients carrying MTHFR 677T allele (OR = 1.90; 95%CI: 1.14-3.19) or MTHFR 1298C (OR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.55-4.40) allele were at increased risk of hypertension. The frequency of co-occurrence of MTHFR 677 CT/1298 CC genotypes was significantly higher in the patients compared to controls (P < 0.05) and was associated with increased risk of hypertension (OR = 3.54, 95%CI: 0.37-4.30). Subjects with MTHFR 1298 CC genotype had significantly higher homocysteine levels compared to those with MTHFR 1298 AA genotype (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that MTHFR 677T and 1298C alleles and co-occurrence of MTHFR 677 CT/MTHFR 1298 CC genotypes are associated with increased risk of hypertension and MTHFR 1298 CC genotype is associated with higher homocysteine levels in our subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Markan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Laboratory no. 2033, Research block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Wren JD, Garner HR. Data-mining analysis suggests an epigenetic pathogenesis for type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2006; 2005:104-12. [PMID: 16046815 PMCID: PMC1184044 DOI: 10.1155/jbb.2005.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiological origin of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has long
been controversial. The body of literature related to T2DM is vast
and varied in focus, making a broad epidemiological perspective
difficult, if not impossible. A data-mining approach was used to
analyze all electronically available scientific literature, over
12 million Medline records, for “objects” such as genes,
diseases, phenotypes, and chemical compounds linked to other
objects within the T2DM literature but were not themselves within
the T2DM literature. The goal of this analysis was to conduct a
comprehensive survey to identify novel factors implicated in the
pathology of T2DM by statistically evaluating mutually shared
associations. Surprisingly, epigenetic factors were among the
highest statistical scores in this analysis, strongly implicating
epigenetic changes within the body as causal factors in the
pathogenesis of T2DM. Further analysis implicates adipocytes as
the potential tissue of origin, and cytokines or cytokine-like
genes as the dysregulated factor(s) responsible for the T2DM
phenotype. The analysis provides a wealth of literature supporting
this hypothesis, which—if true—represents an important
paradigm shift for researchers studying the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Wren
- Advanced Center for Genome Technology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, The University of Oklahoma, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Rm 2025, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Viklický O, Hubácek JA, Kvasnicka J, Matl I, Voska L, Skibová J, Teplan V, Vítko S. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase T677 allele with early development of chronic allograft nephropathy. Clin Biochem 2004; 37:919-24. [PMID: 15369724 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms on the development of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). DESIGN AND METHODS Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T), interleukin-6 (IL-6 G-174C) and CD14 (C-260T) were evaluated in 92 kidney transplant recipients with stable renal graft function and no signs of acute rejection in a protocol that included graft biopsy at 12 months after kidney transplantation. A normal population sample (n = 365) was also included. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the effect of different variables on the CAN appearance. RESULTS There were no differences in alleles and genotypes distribution between transplant group and normal population sample. The CAN+ group (n = 69) significantly differed from CAN- (n = 23) in both MTHFR (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P < 0.01) genotype distribution. Using logistic regression multivariate analysis, MTHFR T677 allele (OR: 3.91, CI: 1.11-13.8; P < 0.05), patient age (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.88-0.98; P < 0.01) and proteinuria (OR: 3.63, CI: 1.25-10.6; P < 0.05) were associated with CAN. Although the IL-6 G-174 allele was shown to be associated with CAN development in univariate analysis (P < 0.01), the multivariate analysis did not show an association. There was no relation between CD14 gene polymorphism and CAN. CONCLUSION The MTHFR T677 allele is associated with the presence of CAN in kidney graft biopsies 12 months after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Viklický
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Jiang S, Hsu YH, Xu X, Xing H, Chen C, Niu T, Zhang Y, Peng S, Xu X. The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is associated with the level of decrease on diastolic blood pressure in essential hypertension patients treated by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Thromb Res 2004; 113:361-9. [PMID: 15226090 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated plasma homocysteine has been implicated as a risk factor for hypertension. C677T polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) is a major determinant of hyperhomocysteinemia, which results in endothelial dysfunction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors appear to remedy the endothelial dysfunction and restore endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. The co-existence of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes, targets, receptors, and transporters may influence the drug efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether short-term blood pressure control by benazepril, an ACE inhibitor, was modulated by C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 444 hypertensive patients, aged 27 to 65 years, without any anti hypertensive therapy within 2 weeks were included. All of them were treated orally with benazepril at a single daily fixed dosage of 10 mg for 15 consecutive days. Blood pressures were measured at baseline and on the 16th day of treatment. Among them, the frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype CC, CT and TT was 24.3%, 51.8%, and 23.9%, respectively. In a recessive model (CC+CT versus TT genotype), both baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and diastolic blood pressure response (DeltaDBP) were significantly higher in patients with the TT genotype than in those with the CT or CC genotype (P value=0.0076 for DBP, and P value=0.0005 for DeltaDBP). We further divided all patients into three groups based on the tertiles of the DeltaBP distribution. Compared to subjects in the lowest tertile of DeltaDBP, the adjusted relative odds of having the TT genotype among subjects in the highest tertile was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4 to 4.9). However, baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SBP response did not significantly associate with MTHFR C677T polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that MTHFR C667T polymorphism modulated baseline DBP and DBP responsiveness by short-term treatment of ACE inhibitor in Chinese essential hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Heux S, Morin F, Lea RA, Ovcaric M, Tajouri L, Griffiths LR. The Methylentetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Variant (C677T) as a Risk Factor for Essential Hypertension in Caucasians. Hypertens Res 2004; 27:663-7. [PMID: 15750260 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.27.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a common, multifactorial disorder likely to be influenced by multiple genes of modest effect. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T mutation is functionally important, being strongly associated with reduced enzyme activity and increased plasma levels of homocysteine. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypothesised also to be involved in hypertension pathophysiology. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of the 677T mutation in Australian Caucasian patients diagnosed with EH and to test whether the C677T variant is associated with the disorder. A case-control cohort, consisting of 250 EH patients and 250 age, sex and racially matched normotensive controls, were used for the association study. Comparison of C677T allele frequencies revealed a higher proportion of the mutant allele (T) in the EH group (40%) compared to unaffected controls (34%) (p=0.07). Furthermore, genotypic results indicated that the prevalence of the homozygous mutant genotype (T/T) in the affected group was higher than that of controls (14%:10%) (p=0.17). Interestingly, conditional logistic regression showed that the MTHFR C677T mutation conferred a mild, yet significant increase in risk of essential hypertension after adjusting for body mass index (odds ratio=1.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.37, p=0.03). These findings require further investigation in large independent samples, but suggest that essential hypertension, like CVD, may be mildly influenced by the MTHFR C677T variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Heux
- Genomics Research Centre, School of Health Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Bain SC, Rippin JD. Complex disease genetics enters the high street. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33:186-8. [PMID: 12641534 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Bain
- Birmingham Heartland Hospital, University of Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, UK.
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