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Antaloae AV, Montigny C, le Maire M, Watson KA, Sørensen TLM. Optimisation of recombinant production of active human cardiac SERCA2a ATPase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71842. [PMID: 23951256 PMCID: PMC3741278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for recombinant production of eukaryotic membrane proteins, yielding sufficient quantity and quality of protein for structural biology, remain a challenge. We describe here, expression and purification optimisation of the human SERCA2a cardiac isoform of Ca(2+) translocating ATPase, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the heterologous expression system of choice. Two different expression vectors were utilised, allowing expression of C-terminal fusion proteins with a biotinylation domain or a GFP- His8 tag. Solubilised membrane fractions containing the protein of interest were purified onto Streptavidin-Sepharose, Ni-NTA or Talon resin, depending on the fusion tag present. Biotinylated protein was detected using specific antibody directed against SERCA2 and, advantageously, GFP-His8 fusion protein was easily traced during the purification steps using in-gel fluorescence. Importantly, talon resin affinity purification proved more specific than Ni-NTA resin for the GFP-His8 tagged protein, providing better separation of oligomers present, during size exclusion chromatography. The optimised method for expression and purification of human cardiac SERCA2a reported herein, yields purified protein (> 90%) that displays a calcium-dependent thapsigargin-sensitive activity and is suitable for further biophysical, structural and physiological studies. This work provides support for the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a suitable expression system for recombinant production of multi-domain eukaryotic membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V. Antaloae
- School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cédric Montigny
- CEA, iBiTec-S, CNRS, UMR 8221, Universite Paris-Sud, Saclay, France
| | - Marc le Maire
- CEA, iBiTec-S, CNRS, UMR 8221, Universite Paris-Sud, Saclay, France
| | - Kimberly A. Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (KAW); (TL-MS)
| | - Thomas L.-M. Sørensen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (KAW); (TL-MS)
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Metal ion affinity purification of proteins by genetically incorporating metal-chelating amino acids. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lukáč R, Kauerová Z, Mašek J, Bartheldyová E, Kulich P, Koudelka Š, Korvasová Z, Plocková J, Papoušek F, Kolář F, Schmidt R, Turánek J. Preparation of metallochelating microbubbles and study on their site-specific interaction with rGFP-HisTag as a model protein. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4829-4837. [PMID: 21417344 DOI: 10.1021/la104677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The histidine-metallochelating lipid complex is one of the smallest high affinity binding units used as tools for rapid noncovalent binding of histidine tagged molecules, especially recombinant proteins. The advantage of metallochelating complex over protein-ligand complexes (e.g., streptavidine-biotin, glutathiontransferase-glutathion) consists in its very low immunogenicity, if any. This concept for the construction of surface-modified metallochelating microbubbles was proved with recombinant green fluorescent protein (rGFP) containing 6His-tag. This protein is easy to be detected by various fluorescence techniques as flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Microbubbles (MB) composed of DPPC with various contents of metallochelating lipid DOGS-NTA-Ni were prepared by intensive shaking of the liposome suspension under the atmosphere of sulfur hexafluoride. For this purpose, the instrument 3M ESPE CapMix was used. Various techniques (static light scattering, flow cytometry, and optical microscopy) were compared and used for the measurements of the size distribution of MB. All three methods demonstrated that the prepared MB were homogeneous in their size, and the mean diameter of the MB in various batches was within the range of 2.1-2.8 μm (the size range of 1-10 μm). The presence of large MB (8-10 μm) was marginal. Counting of MB revealed that the average amount of MB prepared of 10 mg of phospholipid equaled approximately 10(9) MB/mL. Lyophilized MB were prepared with saccharose as a cryoprotectant. These MB were shown to be stable both in vitro (the estimated half-live of the MB in bovine serum at 37 °C was 3-7 min) and in vivo (mouse). The stability of the MB was affected by molar content of DOGS-NTA-Ni. DPPC-based metallochelating MB provided a clear and very contrast image of the ventricular cavity soon after the injection. Site selective and stable binding of rGFP-HisTag (as a model of His-tagged protein) onto the surface of metallochelating MB was demonstrated by confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Lukáč
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Valverde RHF, Britto-Borges T, Lowe J, Einicker-Lamas M, Mintz E, Cuillel M, Vieyra A. Two serine residues control sequential steps during catalysis of the yeast copper ATPase through different mechanisms that involve kinase-mediated phosphorylations. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6879-89. [PMID: 21163943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.207704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ccc2, the yeast copper-transporting ATPase, pumps copper from the cytosol to the Golgi lumen. During its catalytic cycle, Ccc2 undergoes auto-phosphorylation on Asp(627) and uses the energy gained to transport copper across the cell membrane. We previously demonstrated that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) controls the energy interconversion (Cu)E∼P → E-P + Cu when Ser(258) is phosphorylated. We now demonstrate that Ser(258) is essential in vivo for copper homeostasis in extremely low copper and iron concentrations. The S258A mutation abrogates all PKA-mediated phosphorylations of Ccc2, whereas the S971A mutation leads to a 100% increase in its global regulatory phosphorylation. With S258A, the first-order rate constant of catalytic phosphorylation by ATP decreases from 0.057 to 0.030 s(-1), with an 8-fold decrease in the burst of initial phosphorylation. With the S971A mutant, the rate constant decreases to 0.007 s(-1). PKAi(5-24) decreases the amount of the aspartylphosphate intermediate (EP) in Ccc2 wt by 50% within 1 min, but not in S258A, S971A, or S258A/S971A. The increase of the initial burst and the extremely slow phosphorylation when the "phosphomimetic" mutant S258D was assayed (k = 0.0036 s(-1)), indicate that electrostatic and conformational (non-electrostatic) mechanisms are involved in the regulatory role of Ser(258). Accumulation of an ADP-insensitive form in S971A demonstrates that Ser(971) is required to accelerate the hydrolysis of the E-P form during turnover. We propose that Ser(258) and Ser(971) are under long-range intramolecular, reciprocal and concerted control, in a sequential process that is crucial for catalysis and copper transport in the yeast copper ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael H F Valverde
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Knecht S, Ricklin D, Eberle AN, Ernst B. Oligohis-tags: mechanisms of binding to Ni2+-NTA surfaces. J Mol Recognit 2009; 22:270-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Montigny C, Arnou B, Marchal E, Champeil P. Use of glycerol-containing media to study the intrinsic fluorescence properties of detergent-solubilized native or expressed SERCA1a. Biochemistry 2008; 47:12159-74. [PMID: 18947188 DOI: 10.1021/bi8006498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid irreversible inactivation of Ca (2+)-free states of detergent-solubilized SERCA1a (sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1a) has so far prevented the use of Trp fluorescence for functional characterization of this ATPase after its solubilization in various detergents. Here we show that using 20-40% glycerol for protection makes this fluorescence characterization possible. Most of the ligand-induced Trp fluorescence changes previously demonstrated to occur for SERCA1a embedded in native sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes were observed in the combined presence of glycerol and detergent, although the results greatly depended on the detergent used, namely, octaethylene glycol mono- n-dodecyl ether (C 12E 8) or dodecyl maltoside (DDM). In particular, at pH 6, we found a C 12E 8-dependent unexpectedly huge reduction in SERCA1a affinity for Ca (2+). We suggest that a major reason for the different effects of the two detergents is that high concentrations of C 12E 8, but not of DDM, slow down the E2 to E1 transition in solubilized and delipidated SERCA1a. Independently of the characterization of the specific effects of various detergents on SR vesicles, our results open the way to functional characterization by Trp fluorescence of heterologously expressed and purified mutants of SERCA1a in the presence of detergent, without their preliminary reconstitution into liposomes. As an example, we used the E309Q mutant to demonstrate our previous suspicion that Ca (2+) binding to Site I of SERCA1a in fact slightly reduces Trp fluorescence, and consequently that the rise in this fluorescence generally observed when two Ca (2+) ions bind to WT SERCA1a mainly reflects Ca (2+) binding at Site II of SERCA1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Montigny
- CNRS, URA 2096, Systemes membranaires, photobiologie, stress et detoxication, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Wu CC, Gardarin A, Martel A, Mintz E, Guillain F, Catty P. The Cadmium Transport Sites of CadA, the Cd2+-ATPase from Listeria monocytogenes. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:29533-41. [PMID: 16835223 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604658200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CadA, the Cd(2+)-ATPase from Listeria monocytogenes, belongs to the Zn(2+)/Cd(2+)/Pb(2+)-ATPase bacterial subfamily of P(1B)-ATPases that ensure detoxification of the bacteria. Whereas it is the major determinant of Listeria resistance to Cd(2+), CadA expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae severely decreases yeast tolerance to Cd(2+) (Wu, C. C., Bal, N., Pérard, J., Lowe, J., Boscheron, C., Mintz, E., and Catty, P. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 324, 1034-1040). This phenotype, which reflects in vivo Cd(2+)-transport activity, was used to select from 33 point mutations, shared out among the eight transmembrane (TM) segments of CadA, those that affect the activity of the protein. Six mutations affecting CadA were found: M149A in TM3; E164A in TM4; C354A, P355A, and C356A in TM6; and D692A in TM8. Functional studies of the six mutants produced in Sf9 cells revealed that Cys(354) and Cys(356) in TM6 as well as Asp(692) in TM8 and Met(149) in TM3 could participate at the Cd(2+)-binding site(s). In the canonical Cys-Pro-Cys motif of P(1B)-ATPases, the two cysteines act at distinct steps in the transport mechanism, Cys(354) being directly involved in Cd(2+) binding, while Cys(356) seems to be required for Cd(2+) occlusion. This confirms an earlier observation that the two equivalent Cys of Ccc2, the yeast Cu(+)-ATPase, also act at different steps. In TM4, Glu(164), which is conserved among P(1B)-ATPases, may be required for Cd(2+) release. Finally, analysis of the role of Cd(2+) in the phosphorylation from ATP and from P(i) of the mutants suggests that two Cd(2+) ions are involved in the reaction cycle of CadA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chou Wu
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département Reponse et Dynamique Cellulaire, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 5090 CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
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Jidenko M, Lenoir G, Fuentes JM, le Maire M, Jaxel C. Expression in yeast and purification of a membrane protein, SERCA1a, using a biotinylated acceptor domain. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 48:32-42. [PMID: 16603381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described the final steps leading to the crystallization of a mammalian membrane protein, the rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, after heterologous expression. Here, we detail the initial steps leading to this new purification method. A biotin acceptor domain was fused at the C-terminal part of Ca2+-ATPase and a thrombin site was inserted between both coding regions. The recombinant protein was expressed under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biotinylation reaction of the protein was performed directly in vivo in yeast. After solubilization of the yeast light membrane fraction, the biotinylated protein was retained specifically using the strong biotin-avidin interaction. Finally, digestion by the protease thrombin allowed the separation of the Ca2+-ATPase from the biotinylated domain. At this step, Ca2+-ATPase is in a relatively purified form (about 40%). After a size-exclusion HPLC step, the purity of the protein is about 70%, and evaluation of the conformational changes during the catalytic cycle by monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence is demonstrated. The major advantage of this avidin procedure is the particularly good specific ATPase activity as compared with that of a purified His-tagged Ca2+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jidenko
- Unité de Recherche Associée 2096 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Service de Biophysique des Fonctions Membranaires, Département de Biologie Joliot Curie, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Jidenko M, Nielsen RC, Sørensen TLM, Møller JV, le Maire M, Nissen P, Jaxel C. Crystallization of a mammalian membrane protein overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11687-91. [PMID: 16087876 PMCID: PMC1187984 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503986102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-ATPase SERCA1a (sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1a) from rabbit has been overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This membrane protein was purified by avidin agarose affinity chromatography based on natural biotinylation in the expression host, followed by HPLC gel filtration. Both the functional and structural properties of the overexpressed protein validate the method. Thus, calcium-dependent ATPase activity and calcium transport are essentially intact after reconstitution in proteoliposomes. Moreover, the recombinant protein crystallizes in a form that is isomorphous to the native SERCA1a protein from rabbit, and the diffraction properties are similar. This represents a successful crystallization of a mammalian membrane protein derived from a heterologous expression system, and it opens the way for the study of mutant forms of SERCA1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jidenko
- Unité de Recherche Associée 2096 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Service de Biophysique des Fonctions Membranaires, Département de Biologie Joliot Curie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Lenoir G, Picard M, Møller JV, le Maire M, Champeil P, Falson P. Involvement of the L6-7 loop in SERCA1a Ca2+-ATPase activation by Ca2+ (or Sr2+) and ATP. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:32125-33. [PMID: 15155750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402934200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type (WT) and the double mutant D813A,D818A (ADA) of the L6-7 loop of SERCA1a were expressed in yeast, purified, and reconstituted into lipids. This allowed us to functionally study these ATPases by both kinetic and spectroscopic means, and to solve previous discrepancies in the published literature about both experimental facts and interpretation concerning the role of this loop in P-type ATPases. We show that in a solubilized state, the ADA mutant experiences a dramatic decrease of its calcium-dependent ATPase activity. On the contrary, reconstituted in a lipid environment, it displays an almost unaltered maximal calcium-dependent ATPase activity at high (millimolar) ATP, with an apparent affinity for Ca(2+) altered only moderately (3-fold). In the absence of ATP, the true affinity of ADA for Ca(2+) is, however, more significantly reduced (20-30-fold) compared with WT, as judged from intrinsic (Trp) or extrinsic (fluorescence isothiocyanate) fluorescence experiments. At low ATP, transient kinetics experiments reveal an overshoot in the ADA phosphorylation level primarily arising from the slowing down of the transition between the nonphosphorylated "E2" and "Ca(2)E1" forms of ADA. At high ATP, this slowing down is only partially compensated for, as ADA turnover remains more sensitive to orthovanadate than WT turnover. ADA ATPase also proved to have a reduced affinity for ATP in studies performed under equilibrium conditions in the absence of Ca(2+), highlighting the long range interactions between L6-7 and the nucleotide-binding site. We propose that these mutations in L6-7 could affect protonation-dependent winding and unwinding events in the nearby M6 transmembrane segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lenoir
- Unité de Recherche Associée 2096, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Section de Biophysique des Fonctions Membranaires, Département de Biologie Joliot Curie, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Lowe J, Vieyra A, Catty P, Guillain F, Mintz E, Cuillel M. A mutational study in the transmembrane domain of Ccc2p, the yeast Cu(I)-ATPase, shows different roles for each Cys-Pro-Cys cysteine. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:25986-94. [PMID: 15078884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308736200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ccc2p is homologous to the human Menkes and Wilson copper ATPases and is herein studied as a model for human copper transport. Most studies to date have sought to understand how mutations in the human Menkes or Wilson genes impair copper homeostasis and induce disease. Here we analyze whether eight conserved amino acids of the transmembrane domain are important for copper transport. Wild-type Ccc2p and variants were expressed in a ccc2-Delta yeast strain to check whether they were able to restore copper transport by complementation. Wild-type Ccc2p and variants were also expressed in Sf9 cells using baculovirus to study their enzymatic properties on membrane preparations. The latter system allowed us to measure a copper-activated ATPase activity of about 20 nmol/mg/min for the wild-type Ccc2p at 37 degrees C. None of the variants was as efficient as the wild type in restoring copper homeostasis. The mutation of each cysteine of the (583)CPC(585) motif into a serine resulted in nonfunctional proteins that could not restore copper homeostasis in yeast and had no ATPase activity. Phosphorylation by ATP was still possible with the C583S variant, although it was not possible with the C585S variant, suggesting that the cysteines of the CPC motif have a different role in copper transport. Cys(583) would be necessary for copper dissociation and/or enzyme dephosphorylation and Cys(585) would be necessary for ATP phosphorylation, suggesting a role in copper binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lowe
- Laboratorio de Fisico-Quimica Biologica Aida Hasson-Voloch, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brasil
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Lenoir G, Menguy T, Corre F, Montigny C, Pedersen PA, Thinès D, le Maire M, Falson P. Overproduction in yeast and rapid and efficient purification of the rabbit SERCA1a Ca(2+)-ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1560:67-83. [PMID: 11958776 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Large amounts of heterologous C-terminally his-tagged SERCA1a Ca(2+)-ATPase were expressed in yeast using a galactose-regulated promoter and purified by Ni(2+) affinity chromatography followed by Reactive red chromatography. Optimizing the number of galactose inductions and increasing the amount of Gal4p transcription factor improved expression. Lowering the temperature from 28 degrees C to 18 degrees C during expression enhanced the recovery of solubilized and active Ca(2+)-ATPase. In these conditions, a 4 l yeast culture produced 100 mg of Ca(2+)-ATPase, 60 and 22 mg being pelleted with the heavy and light membrane fractions respectively, representing 7 and 1.7% of total proteins. The Ca(2+)-ATPase expressed in light membranes was 100% solubilized with L-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), 50% with n-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside (DM) and 25% with octaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C(12)E(8)). Compared to LPC, DM preserved specific activity of the solubilized Ca(2+)-ATPase during the chromatographic steps. Starting from 1/6 (3.8 mg) of the total amount of Ca(2+)-ATPase expressed in light membranes, 800 microg could be routinely purified to 50% purity by metal affinity chromatography and then 200 microg to 70% with Reactive red chromatography. The purified Ca(2+)-ATPase displayed the same K(m) for calcium and ATP as the native enzyme but a reduced specific activity ranging from 4.5 to 7.3 micromol ATP hydrolyzed/min/mg Ca(2+)-ATPase. It was stable and active for several days at 4 degrees C or after removal of DM with Bio-beads and storage at -80 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lenoir
- CEA, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Section de Biophysique des Protéines Membranaires, Unité de Recherche Associée 2096 of the CNRS, Bât. 528, 91191 Cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Bal N, Mintz E, Guillain F, Catty P. A possible regulatory role for the metal-binding domain of CadA, the Listeria monocytogenes Cd2+-ATPase. FEBS Lett 2001; 506:249-52. [PMID: 11602255 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using the baculovirus/Sf9 expression system, we produced CadA and DeltaMBD, a metal-binding domain, truncated CadA. Both proteins had the expected properties of P-type ATPases: ATP-induced Cd2+ accumulation, Cd2+-sensitive ATP and Pi phosphorylation and ATPase activity. DeltaMBD displayed lower initial transport velocity as well as lower maximal ATPase activity than CadA. MBD truncation flattened the Cd2+ dependence of the ATPase activity and increased apparent Cd2+ affinity, suggesting a positive cooperativity between MBD and membranous transport sites. We propose that occupancy of MBD by Cd2+ modulates CadA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bal
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR CEA-CNRS-UJF 5090, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Cedex 09, Grenoble, France
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