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Ren J, Yang X, Zhang N, Feng L, Ma C, Wang Y, Yang Z, Zhao J. Melatonin alleviates aluminum-induced growth inhibition by modulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and reestablishing redox homeostasis in Zea mays L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127159. [PMID: 34537633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a regulatory molecule, performs pleiotropic functions in plants, including aluminum (Al) stress mitigation. Here, we conducted transcriptomic and physiological analyses to identify metabolic processes associated with the alleviated Al-induced growth inhibition of the melatonin-treated (MT) maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Melatonin decreased Al concentration in maize roots and leaves under Al stress. Al stress reduced the total dry weight (DW) by 41.2% after 7 days of treatment. By contrast, the total DW was decreased by only 19.4% in MT plants. According to RNA-Seq, enzyme activity, and metabolite content data, MT plants exhibited a higher level of relatively stable carbon and nitrogen metabolism than non-treated (NT) plants. Under Al stress, MT plants showed higher photosynthetic rate and sucrose content by 29.9% and 20.5% than NT plants, respectively. Similarly, the nitrate reductase activity and protein content of MT plants were 34.0% and 15.0% higher than those of NT plants, respectively. Furthermore, exogenous supply of melatonin mitigated Al-induced oxidative stress. Overall, our results suggest that melatonin alleviates aluminum-induced growth inhibition through modulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and reestablishing redox homeostasis in maize. Graphical Abstarct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Ren
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030800, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030800, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chunying Ma
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030800, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030800, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030800, China.
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030800, China.
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Ren J, Yang X, Ma C, Wang Y, Zhao J. Melatonin enhances drought stress tolerance in maize through coordinated regulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:958-969. [PMID: 34571389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic regulatory molecule in plants and is involved in regulating plant tolerance to drought stress. Here, we conducted transcriptomic and physiological analyses to identify metabolic processes associated with the enhanced tolerance of the melatonin-treated maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to water deficit. Maize seedlings were foliar sprayed with either 50 μM melatonin or water and exposed to drought stress for 12 d in growth chambers. Drought stress significantly suppressed seedling growth, and melatonin application partially alleviated this growth inhibition. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that genes whose expression was significantly altered by melatonin were mainly related to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism. Analysis of transcriptomics, enzyme activity, and metabolite content data, melatonin-treated plants exhibited a higher level of relatively stable C and N metabolism than untreated plants; this phenotype of melatonin-treated plants was associated with their higher photosynthesis, sucrose biosynthesis, N assimilation, and protein biosynthesis capacities under drought stress. Overall, our results suggest that melatonin enhances drought stress tolerance in maize through coordinated regulation of C and N metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Ren
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030800, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030800, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunying Ma
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030800, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030800, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030800, China.
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Abadie C, Bathellier C, Tcherkez G. Carbon allocation to major metabolites in illuminated leaves is not just proportional to photosynthesis when gaseous conditions (CO 2 and O 2 ) vary. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:94-106. [PMID: 29344970 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In gas-exchange experiments, manipulating CO2 and O2 is commonly used to change the balance between carboxylation and oxygenation. Downstream metabolism (utilization of photosynthetic and photorespiratory products) may also be affected by gaseous conditions but this is not well documented. Here, we took advantage of sunflower as a model species, which accumulates chlorogenate in addition to sugars and amino acids (glutamate, alanine, glycine and serine). We performed isotopic labelling with 13 CO2 under different CO2 /O2 conditions, and determined 13 C contents to compute 13 C-allocation patterns and build-up rates. The 13 C content in major metabolites was not found to be a constant proportion of net fixed carbon but, rather, changed dramatically with CO2 and O2 . Alanine typically accumulated at low O2 (hypoxic response) while photorespiratory intermediates accumulated under ambient conditions and at high photorespiration, glycerate accumulation exceeding serine and glycine build-up. Chlorogenate synthesis was relatively more important under normal conditions and at high CO2 and its synthesis was driven by phosphoenolpyruvate de novo synthesis. These findings demonstrate that carbon allocation to metabolites other than photosynthetic end products is affected by gaseous conditions and therefore the photosynthetic yield of net nitrogen assimilation varies, being minimal at high CO2 and maximal at high O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Abadie
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Camille Bathellier
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Barillot R, Chambon C, Andrieu B. CN-Wheat, a functional-structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:997-1013. [PMID: 27497242 PMCID: PMC5055822 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Improving crops requires better linking of traits and metabolic processes to whole plant performance. In this paper, we present CN-Wheat, a comprehensive and mechanistic model of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism within wheat culms after anthesis. Methods The culm is described by modules that represent the roots, photosynthetic organs and grains. Each of them includes structural, storage and mobile materials. Fluxes of C and N among modules occur through a common pool and through transpiration flow. Metabolite variations are represented by differential equations that depend on the physiological processes occurring in each module. A challenging aspect of CN-Wheat lies in the regulation of these processes by metabolite concentrations and the environment perceived by organs. Key Results CN-Wheat simulates the distribution of C and N into wheat culms in relation to photosynthesis, N uptake, metabolite turnover, root exudation and tissue death. Regulation of physiological activities by local concentrations of metabolites appears to be a valuable feature for understanding how the behaviour of the whole plant can emerge from local rules. Conclusions The originality of CN-Wheat is that it proposes an integrated view of plant functioning based on a mechanistic approach. The formalization of each process can be further refined in the future as knowledge progresses. This approach is expected to strengthen our capacity to understand plant responses to their environment and investigate plant traits adapted to changes in agronomical practices or environmental conditions. A companion paper will evaluate the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Barillot
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Camille Chambon
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Bruno Andrieu
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Yusof NL, Rasmusson AG, Gómez Galindo F. Reduction of the Nitrate Content in Baby Spinach Leaves by Vacuum Impregnation with Sucrose. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hüner NPA, Dahal K, Kurepin LV, Savitch L, Singh J, Ivanov AG, Kane K, Sarhan F. Potential for increased photosynthetic performance and crop productivity in response to climate change: role of CBFs and gibberellic acid. Front Chem 2014; 2:18. [PMID: 24860799 PMCID: PMC4029004 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose that targeting the enhanced photosynthetic performance associated with the cold acclimation of winter cultivars of rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and Brassica napus L. may provide a novel approach to improve crop productivity under abiotic as well as biotic stress conditions. In support of this hypothesis, we provide the physiological, biochemical, and molecular evidence that the dwarf phenotype induced by cold acclimation is coupled to significant enhancement in photosynthetic performance, resistance to photoinhibition, and a decreased dependence on photoprotection through non-photochemical quenching which result in enhanced biomass production and ultimately increased seed yield. These system-wide changes at the levels of phenotype, physiology, and biochemistry appear to be governed by the family of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive family of transcription factors (CBF/DREB1). We relate this phenomenon to the semi-dwarf, gibberellic acid insensitive (GAI), cereal varieties developed during the "green revolution" of the early 1960s and 1970s. We suggest that genetic manipulation of the family of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors (CBF/DREB1) may provide a novel approach for the maintenance and perhaps even the enhancement of plant productivity under conditions of sub-optimal growth conditions predicted for our future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P. A. Hüner
- Biology Department and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at ScarboroughScarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Leonid V. Kurepin
- Biology Department and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Leonid Savitch
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jas Singh
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander G. Ivanov
- Biology Department and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Khalil Kane
- Départment des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fathey Sarhan
- Départment des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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Zhao H, Zhou Q, Zhou M, Li C, Gong X, Liu C, Qu C, Si W, Hong F. Magnesium deficiency results in damage of nitrogen and carbon cross-talk of maize and improvement by cerium addition. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:102-9. [PMID: 22294153 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been reported to affect plant photosynthesis and growth, and cerium (Ce) was considered to be able to improve plant growth. However, the mechanisms of Mg deficiency and Ce on plant growth remain poorly understood. The main aim of this work is to identify whether or not Mg deprivation affects the interdependent nitrogen and carbon assimilations in the maize leaves and whether or not Ce modulates the assimilations in the maize leaves under Mg deficiency. Maize plants were cultivated in Hoagland’s solution. They were subjected to Mg deficiency and to cerium chloride administration in the Mg-present Hoagland’s media and Mg-deficient Hoagland’s media.After 2 weeks,we measured chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence and the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), sucrose-phosphate synthase(SPS), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase)in metabolic checkpoints coordinating primary nitrogen and carbon assimilations in the maize leaves. The results showed that Mg deficiency significantly inhibited plant growth and decreased the activities of NR, SPS, and PEPCase and the synthesis of Chl and protein. Mg deprivation in maize also significantly decreased the oxygen evolution, electron transport,and efficiency of photochemical energy conversion by photosystem II (PSII). However, Ce addition may promote nitrogen and carbon assimilations, increase PSII activities,and improve maize growth under Mg deficiency. Moreover,our findings would help promote usage of Mg or Ce fertilizers in maize production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Zhao
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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Qu C, Liu C, Ze Y, Gong X, Hong M, Wang L, Hong F. Inhibition of nitrogen and photosynthetic carbon assimilation of maize seedlings by exposure to a combination of salt stress and potassium-deficient stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1159-74. [PMID: 21455705 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is to identify how the combined stresses affect the interdependent nitrogen and photosynthetic carbon assimilations in maize. Maize plants were cultivated in Meider's solution. They were subjected to salt stress and potassium deficiency in the K-present Meider's media and K-deficient Meider's media. After 5 weeks, we measured chlorophyll a fluorescence and the activities of several enzymes in metabolic checkpoints coordinating primary nitrogen and carbon assimilation in the leaves of maize. The study showed that the combination of salt stress and potassium-deficient stress more significantly decreased nitrate uptake, plant growth, the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, urease, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloace transaminase, sucrose-phosphate synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and the synthesis of free amino acids, chlorophyll, and protein than those of each individual stress, respectively. However, the combined stresses significantly increased the accumulation of ammonium and carbohydrate products. The combined stresses also significantly decreased the oxygen evolution, the electron transport, and the efficiency of photochemical energy conversion by photosystem II in maize seedlings. Taken together, a combination of salt stress and potassium-deficient stress impaired the assimilations of both nitrogen and carbon and decreased the photosystem II activity in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Qu
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Piques M, Schulze WX, Höhne M, Usadel B, Gibon Y, Rohwer J, Stitt M. Ribosome and transcript copy numbers, polysome occupancy and enzyme dynamics in Arabidopsis. Mol Syst Biol 2009; 5:314. [PMID: 19888209 PMCID: PMC2779082 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2009.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to continual changes in the environment. The daily alternation between light and darkness results in massive recurring changes in the carbon budget, and leads to widespread changes in transcript levels. These diurnal changes are superimposed on slower changes in the environment. Quantitative molecular information about the numbers of ribosomes, of transcripts for 35 enzymes in central metabolism and their loading into polysomes is used to estimate translation rates in Arabidopsis rosettes, and explore the consequences for important sub-processes in plant growth. Translation rates for individual enzyme are compared with their abundance in the rosette to predict which enzymes are subject to rapid turnover every day, and which are synthesized at rates that would allow only slow adjustments to sustained changes of the environment, or resemble those needed to support the observed rate of growth. Global translation rates are used to estimate the energy costs of protein synthesis and relate them to the plant carbon budget, in particular the rates of starch degradation and respiration at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piques
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Melanie Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yves Gibon
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Johann Rohwer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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