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Dharavath RN, Pina-Leblanc C, Tang VM, Sloan ME, Nikolova YS, Pangarov P, Ruocco AC, Shield K, Voineskos D, Blumberger DM, Boileau I, Bozinoff N, Gerretsen P, Vieira E, Melamed OC, Sibille E, Quilty LC, Prevot TD. GABAergic signaling in alcohol use disorder and withdrawal: pathological involvement and therapeutic potential. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1218737. [PMID: 37929054 PMCID: PMC10623140 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1218737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely used substances. Alcohol use accounts for 5.1% of the global disease burden, contributes substantially to societal and economic costs, and leads to approximately 3 million global deaths yearly. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) includes various drinking behavior patterns that lead to short-term or long-lasting effects on health. Ethanol, the main psychoactive molecule acting in alcoholic beverages, directly impacts the GABAergic system, contributing to GABAergic dysregulations that vary depending on the intensity and duration of alcohol consumption. A small number of interventions have been developed that target the GABAergic system, but there are promising future therapeutic avenues to explore. This review provides an overview of the impact of alcohol on the GABAergic system, the current interventions available for AUD that target the GABAergic system, and the novel interventions being explored that in the future could be included among first-line therapies for the treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celeste Pina-Leblanc
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor M. Tang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addiction Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Sloan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addiction Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuliya S. Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Pangarov
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony C. Ruocco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Shield
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daphne Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikki Bozinoff
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erica Vieira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osnat C. Melamed
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lena C. Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas D. Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kim M, Oh S, Kim S, Ji M, Choi B, Bae JW, Lee YS, Paik MJ, Lee S. Alcohol perturbed locomotor behavior, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114992. [PMID: 37301134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), both a metabolic precursor and product of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is a central nervous system depressant used for the treatment of narcolepsy-associated cataplexy and alcohol withdrawal. However, administration of GHB with alcohol (ethanol) is a major cause of hospitalizations related to GHB intoxication. In this study, we investigated locomotor behavior as well as metabolic and pharmacokinetic interactions following co-administration of GHB and ethanol in rats. The locomotor behavior of rats was evaluated following the intraperitoneal administration of GHB (sodium salt, 500 mg/kg) and/or ethanol (2 g/kg). Further, time-course urinary metabolic profiling of GHB and its biomarker metabolites glutamic acid, GABA, succinic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (OH-BA), 3,4-OH-BA, and glycolic acid as well as pharmacokinetic analysis were performed. GHB/ethanol co-administration significantly reduced locomotor activity, compared to the individual administration of GHB or ethanol. The urinary and plasma concentrations of GHB and other target compounds, except for 2,4-OH-BA, were significantly higher in the GHB/ethanol co-administration group than the group administered only GHB. The pharmacokinetic analysis results showed that the co-administration of GHB and ethanol significantly increased the half-life of GHB while the total clearance decreased. Moreover, a comparison of the metabolite-to-parent drug area under the curve ratios demonstrated that the metabolic pathways of GHB, such α- and β-oxidation, were inhibited by ethanol. Consequently, the co-administration of GHB and ethanol aggravated the metabolism and elimination of GHB and enhanced its sedative effect. These findings will contribute to clinical interpretation of GHB intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Songjin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 25 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, the Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 25 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongchan Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 25 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 25 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea.
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Rose JK, Butterfield M, Liang J, Parvand M, Lin CHS, Rankin CH. Neuroligin Plays a Role in Ethanol-Induced Disruption of Memory and Corresponding Modulation of Glutamate Receptor Expression. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:908630. [PMID: 35722190 PMCID: PMC9204643 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.908630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol causes deficits in long-term memory formation across species. Using a long-term habituation memory assay in Caenorhabditis elegans, the effects of ethanol on long-term memory (> 24 h) for habituation were investigated. An impairment in long-term memory was observed when animals were trained in the presence of ethanol. Cues of internal state or training context during testing did not restore memory. Ethanol exposure during training also interfered with the downregulation of AMPA/KA-type glutamate receptor subunit (GLR-1) punctal expression previously associated with long-term memory for habituation in C. elegans. Interestingly, ethanol exposure alone had the opposite effect, increasing GLR-1::GFP punctal expression. Worms with a mutation in the C. elegans ortholog of vertebrate neuroligins (nlg-1) were resistant to the effects of ethanol on memory, as they displayed both GLR-1::GFP downregulation and long-term memory for habituation after training in the presence of ethanol. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms through which alcohol consumption impacts memory.
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Léger C, Dupré N, Laquerrière A, Lecointre M, Dumanoir M, Janin F, Hauchecorne M, Fabre M, Jégou S, Frébourg T, Cleren C, Leroux P, Marcorelles P, Brasse-Lagnel C, Marret S, Marguet F, Gonzalez BJ. In utero alcohol exposure exacerbates endothelial protease activity from pial microvessels and impairs GABA interneuron positioning. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105074. [PMID: 32890773 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In utero alcohol exposure can induce severe neurodevelopmental disabilities leading to long-term behavioral deficits. Because alcohol induces brain defects, many studies have focused on nervous cells. However, recent reports have shown that alcohol markedly affects cortical angiogenesis in both animal models and infants with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In addition, the vascular system is known to contribute to controlling gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneuron migration in the developing neocortex. Thus, alcohol-induced vascular dysfunction may contribute to the neurodevelopmental defects in FASD. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of alcohol on endothelial activity of pial microvessels. Ex vivo experiments on cortical slices from mouse neonates revealed that in endothelial cells from pial microvessels acute alcohol exposure inhibits both glutamate-induced calcium mobilization and activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The inhibitory effect of alcohol on glutamate-induced MMP-9 activity was abrogated in tPA-knockout and Grin1flox/VeCadcre mice suggesting that alcohol interacts through the endothelial NMDAR/tPA/MMP-9 vascular pathway. Contrasting with the effects from acute alcohol exposure, in mouse neonates exposed to alcohol in utero during the last gestational week, glutamate exacerbated both calcium mobilization and endothelial protease activities from pial microvessels. This alcohol-induced vascular dysfunction was associated with strong overexpression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1 and mispositioning of the Gad67-GFP interneurons that normally populate the superficial cortical layers. By comparing several human control fetuses with a fetus chronically exposed to alcohol revealed that alcohol exposure led to mispositioning of the calretinin-positive interneurons, whose density was decreased in the superficial cortical layers II-III and increased in deepest layers. This study provides the first mechanistic and functional evidence that alcohol impairs glutamate-regulated activity of pial microvessels. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by altered metalloproteinase activity and interneuron mispositioning, which was also observed in a fetus with fetal alcohol syndrome. These data suggest that alcohol-induced endothelial dysfunction may contribute in ectopic cortical GABAergic interneurons, that has previously been described in infants with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Léger
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Maryline Lecointre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Dumanoir
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - François Janin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle Hauchecorne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Maëlle Fabre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sylvie Jégou
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frébourg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Carine Cleren
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Leroux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Carole Brasse-Lagnel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Florent Marguet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.
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Berro LF, Rüedi-Bettschen D, Cook JE, Golani LK, Li G, Jahan R, Rashid F, Cook JM, Rowlett JK, Platt DM. GABA A Receptor Subtypes and the Abuse-Related Effects of Ethanol in Rhesus Monkeys: Experiments with Selective Positive Allosteric Modulators. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:791-802. [PMID: 30861153 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated α1GABAA and α5GABAA receptor mechanisms in the behavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH) in monkeys. However, genetic studies in humans and preclinical studies with mutant mice suggest a role for α2GABAA and/or α3GABAA receptors in the effects of EtOH. The development of novel positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with functional selectivity (i.e., selective efficacy) at α2GABAA and α3GABAA receptors allows for probing of these subtypes in preclinical models of the discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of EtOH in rhesus macaques. METHODS In discrimination studies, subjects were trained to discriminate EtOH (2 g/kg, intragastrically) from water under a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food delivery. In oral self-administration studies, subjects were trained to self-administer EtOH (2% w/v) or sucrose (0.3 to 1% w/v) under an FR schedule of solution availability. RESULTS In discrimination studies, functionally selective PAMs at α2GABAA and α3GABAA (HZ-166) or α3GABAA (YT-III-31) receptors substituted fully (maximum percentage of EtOH-lever responding ≥80%) for the discriminative stimulus effects of EtOH without altering response rates. Full substitution for EtOH also was engendered by a nonselective PAM (triazolam), an α5GABAA -preferring PAM (QH-ii-066) and a PAM at α2GABAA , α3GABAA , and α5GABAA receptors (L-838417). A partial (MRK-696) or an α1GABAA -preferring (zolpidem) PAM only engendered partial substitution (i.e., ~50 to 60% EtOH-lever responding). In self-administration studies, pretreatments with the functionally selective PAMs at α2GABAA and α3GABAA (XHe-II-053 and HZ-166) or α3GABAA (YT-III-31 and YT-III-271) receptors increased EtOH, but not sucrose, drinking at doses that had few, or no, observable sedative-motor effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm prior findings regarding the respective roles of α1GABAA and α5GABAA receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of EtOH and, further, suggest a key facilitatory role for α3GABAA and potentially α2GABAA receptors in several abuse-related effects of EtOH in monkeys. Moreover, they reveal a potential role for these latter subtypes in EtOH's sedative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais F Berro
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jemma E Cook
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lalit K Golani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Farjana Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - James K Rowlett
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Donna M Platt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Richard E. Harris
- Department of Anesthesiology Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Daniel J. Clauw
- Department of Anesthesiology Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
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7
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Lavanco G, Castelli V, Brancato A, Tringali G, Plescia F, Cannizzaro C. The endocannabinoid-alcohol crosstalk: Recent advances on a bi-faceted target. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:889-896. [PMID: 29770478 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has focusesed on the endocannabinoid system as a relevant player in the induction of aberrant synaptic plasticity and related addictive phenotype following chronic excessive alcohol drinking. In addition, the endocannabinoid system is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Interestingly, whereas the involvement of CB1 receptors in alcohol rewarding properties is established, the central and peripheral action of CB2 signalling is still to be elucidated. This review aims at giving the input to deepen knowledge on the role of the endocannabinoid system, highlighting the advancing evidence that suggests that CB1 and CB2 receptors may play opposite roles in the regulation of both the reinforcing properties of alcohol in the brain and the mechanisms responsible for cell injury and inflammation in the hepatic tissue. The manipulation of the endocannabinoid system could represent a bi-faceted strategy to counteract alcohol-related dysfunction in central transmission and liver structural and functional disarrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Castelli
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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8
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García-Martín E, Ramos MI, Cornejo-García JA, Galván S, Perkins JR, Rodríguez-Santos L, Alonso-Navarro H, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Agúndez JAG. Missense Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Polymorphisms Are Associated with Reaction Time, Motor Time, and Ethanol Effects in Vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:10. [PMID: 29445327 PMCID: PMC5797743 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA-A receptor) is affected by ethanol concentrations equivalent to those reached during social drinking. At these concentrations, ethanol usually causes impairment in reaction and motor times in most, but not all, individuals. Objectives: To study the effect of GABA-A receptor variability in motor and reaction times, and the effect of low ethanol doses. Methods: Two hundred and fifty healthy subjects received one single dose of 0.5 g/Kg ethanol per os. Reaction and motor times were determined before ethanol challenge (basal), and when participants reached peak ethanol concentrations. We analyzed all common missense polymorphisms described in the 19 genes coding for the GABA-A receptor subunits by using TaqMan probes. Results: The GABRA6 rs4454083 T/C polymorphisms were related to motor times, with individuals carrying the C/C genotype having faster motor times, both, at basal and at peak ethanol concentrations. The GABRA4 rs2229940 T/T genotype was associated to faster reaction times and with lower ethanol effects, determined as the difference between basal reaction time and reaction time at peak concentrations. All these associations remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. No significant associations were observed for the common missense SNPs GABRB3 rs12910925, GABRG2 rs211035, GABRE rs1139916, GABRP rs1063310, GABRQ rs3810651, GABRR1 rs12200969 or rs1186902, GABRR2 rs282129, and GABRR3 rs832032. Conclusions: This study provides novel information supporting a role of missense GABA-A receptor polymorphisms in reaction time, motor time and effects of low ethanol doses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martín
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,ARADyAL Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José A Cornejo-García
- ARADyAL Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, Malaga, Spain
| | - Segismundo Galván
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - James R Perkins
- ARADyAL Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José A G Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,ARADyAL Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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