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Schulte G, Scharf MM, Bous J, Voss JH, Grätz L, Kozielewicz P. Frizzleds act as dynamic pharmacological entities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:419-429. [PMID: 38594145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Frizzled family of transmembrane receptors (FZD1-10) belongs to the class F of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). FZDs bind to and are activated by Wingless/Int1 (WNT) proteins. The WNT/FZD signaling system regulates crucial aspects of developmental biology and stem-cell regulation. Dysregulation of WNT/FZD communication can lead to developmental defects and diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. Recent insight into the activation mechanisms of FZDs has underlined that protein dynamics and conserved microswitches are essential for FZD-mediated information flow and build the basis for targeting these receptors pharmacologically. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of FZD activation, and how novel concepts merge and collide with existing dogmas in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magdalena M Scharf
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Bous
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hendrik Voss
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Lu X, Chen H, Zhang T. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas: current understanding on its malignant potential and management. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:77. [PMID: 38498246 PMCID: PMC10948659 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) of the pancreas are presently recognized as low-grade malignant tumors that are frequently observed in young females. This tumor has a low incidence and is associated with an excellent prognosis following surgical resection. Typical SPNs primarily affect the pancreas and tend to have moderate or asymptomatic manifestations. Based on retrospective research, it is anticipated that patients with SPN can achieve disease-free survival, even in cases when metastasis is detected during inspection. However, the incidence of malignant SPN has been consistently underestimated, as evidenced by recent research findings. Malignancy of SPN primarily encompasses invasion and infiltration, metastasis, and recurrence after R0 resection. Imaging technologies such as Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Position Emission Tomography are capable of preliminarily identifying malignant SPN, which is primarily based on its invasive clinical features. Research on risk factors of malignant SPN revealed that larger tumor size, Ki-67 index, and several other parameters had significant correlations with invasive tumor behavior. Pathologic features of malignant SPNs overlay other pancreatic tumors, nevertheless they can provide valuable assistance in the process of diagnosis. Several confirmed specific pathologic biomarkers are related to its cellular origin, characteristic gene mutation, and cell proliferation. Considering the invasiveness of malignant SPN, it is imperative to enhance the comprehensiveness of its therapy. Tumor resection remains a suggested course of action in line with typical SPN, and additional lymph node dissection is seen as reasonable. Compared to benign SPNs, malignant SPNs have worse prognosis, underscoring the necessity of early identification and treatment in comprehensive medical centers to get improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Lu
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Katanaev VL, Baldin A, Denisenko TV, Silachev DN, Ivanova AE, Sukhikh GT, Jia L, Ashrafyan LA. Cells of the tumor microenvironment speak the Wnt language. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:468-480. [PMID: 37045723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays numerous functions in cancer, from primary transformation and tumor growth to metastasis. In addition to these cancer cell-intrinsic functions, Wnt signaling emerges to critically control cross-communication among cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we summarize the evidence that not only multiple cancer cell types, but also cells constituting the TME 'speak the Wnt language'. Fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelia, and lymphocytes all use the Wnt language to convey messages to and from cancer cells and among themselves; these messages are important for tumor progression and fate. Decoding this language will advance our understanding of tumor biology and unveil novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Alexey Baldin
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Denisenko
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Functional Biochemistry of Biopolymers, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Ivanova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennadiy T Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lev A Ashrafyan
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
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Ouyang Y, Lu W, Wang Y, Wang B, Li F, Li X, Bai Y, Wang Y. Integrated analysis of mRNA and extrachromosomal circular DNA profiles to identify the potential mRNA biomarkers in breast cancer. Gene 2023; 857:147174. [PMID: 36627094 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) have been proved an inseparable relationship with cancer, based on the biological mechanisms of its biogenesis and impact on tumorigenesis, but still lacked of methods to analyze its function on the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC). The mRNA and eccDNA from BC cell samples (MDA-MB-453 and MCF-12A) were extracted with the removal of rRNA and linear DNA, respectively. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to explore their expression level and molecular characterization of eccDNA. A total number of 161,062 eccDNA ranging from 33 bp to 54229 bp were detected with a median size of 1143 bp, distributed on all chromosomes and enriched on chromosome 20 the most. EccDNAs located in exons, upstream and downstream 2 kb regions were significantly increased compared with background. Analysis of eccDNA-related differentially expressed genes (eccDEGs) showed that FAT2 properly separated the two cells. CTNNB1, CACNA2D2 and CACNA1D were the hub genes with higher degrees in critical modules. All these four genes were significantly differentially expressed between breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) tissues and normal ones. FAT2 and CTNNB1 correlated with significantly different overall survival (OS) when differentially expressed. The four genes showed a strong correlation with each other significantly and changed between tumor and normal samples. The results showed the potential of FAT2, CTNNB1, CACNA2D2 and CACNA1D as biomarkers with analysis of both DEGs and eccDEGs, which might assist in clinical medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Bangting Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Fuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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Abstract
WNT/CTNNB1 signaling plays a critical role in the development of all multicellular animals. Here, we include both the embryonic stages, during which tissue morphogenesis takes place, and the postnatal stages of development, during which tissue homeostasis occurs. Thus, embryonic development concerns lineage development and cell fate specification, while postnatal development involves tissue maintenance and regeneration. Multiple tools are available to researchers who want to investigate, and ideally visualize, the dynamic and pleiotropic involvement of WNT/CTNNB1 signaling in these processes. Here, we discuss and evaluate the decisions that researchers need to make in identifying the experimental system and appropriate tools for the specific question they want to address, covering different types of WNT/CTNNB1 reporters in cells and mice. At a molecular level, advanced quantitative imaging techniques can provide spatio-temporal information that cannot be provided by traditional biochemical assays. We therefore also highlight some recent studies to show their potential in deciphering the complex and dynamic mechanisms that drive WNT/CTNNB1 signaling.
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Park MA, Zaw T, Yoder SJ, Gomez M, Genilo-Delgado M, Basinski T, Katende E, Dam A, Mok SRS, Monteiro A, Mohammadi A, Jeong DK, Jiang K, Centeno BA, Hodul P, Malafa M, Fleming J, Chen DT, Mo Q, Teer JK, Permuth JB. A pilot study to evaluate tissue- and plasma-based DNA driver mutations in a cohort of patients with pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 13:6861874. [PMID: 36454217 PMCID: PMC9911050 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precursor lesions to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that are challenging to manage due to limited imaging, cytologic, and molecular markers that accurately classify lesions, grade of dysplasia, or focus of invasion preoperatively. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the frequency and type of DNA mutations in a cohort of surgically resected, pathologically confirmed IPMN, and to determine if concordant mutations are detectable in paired pretreatment plasma samples. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from 46 surgically resected IPMNs (31 low-grade, 15 high-grade) and paired plasma from a subset of 15 IPMN cases (10 low-grade, 5 high-grade) were subjected to targeted mutation analysis using a QIAseq Targeted DNA Custom Panel. Common driver mutations were detected in FFPE from 44 of 46 (95.6%) IPMN cases spanning all grades; the most common DNA mutations included: KRAS (80%), RNF43 (24%), and GNAS (43%). Of note, we observed a significant increase in the frequency of RNF43 mutations from low-grade to high-grade IPMNs associated or concomitant with invasive carcinoma (trend test, P = 0.01). Among the subset of cases with paired plasma, driver mutations identified in the IPMNs were not detected in circulation. Overall, our results indicate that mutational burden for IPMNs is a common occurrence, even in low-grade IPMNs. Furthermore, although blood-based biopsies are an attractive, noninvasive method for detecting somatic DNA mutations, the QIAseq panel was not sensitive enough to detect driver mutations that existed in IPMN tissue using paired plasma in the volume we were able to retrieve for this retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean J Yoder
- Molecular Genomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Maria Gomez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Maria Genilo-Delgado
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Toni Basinski
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Esther Katende
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Aamir Dam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Shaffer R S Mok
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Alvaro Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Daniel K Jeong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Barbara A Centeno
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Pamela Hodul
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jason Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Corresponding author: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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