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Haring G, Zupan J. Knee and Peri-Knee Tissues of Post Mortem Donors Are Strategic Sources of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Regenerative Procedures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063170. [PMID: 35328593 PMCID: PMC8956054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues of post mortem donors represent valuable alternative sources for the isolation of primary cells with mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-like properties. However, the properties of primary cells derived from different tissues and at different post mortem times are poorly recognized. Here, we aim to identify the optimal tissue source between three knee and peri-knee tissues for the isolation of primary cells with MSC-like properties, and to define the influence of the time post mortem on the properties of these cells. We harvested tissues from subchondral bone marrow, synovium and periosteum from 32 donors at various post mortem times. Primary cells were evaluated using detailed in vitro analyses, including colony formation, trilineage differentiation, immunophenotyping and skeletal stem cell marker-gene expression profiling. These data show that the primary cells with MSC-like properties isolated from these three tissues show no differences in their properties, except for higher expression of CD146 in bone-marrow cells. The success rate of the primary cell isolation is dependent on the post mortem time. However, synovium and periosteum cells isolated more than 48 h post mortem show improved osteogenic and chondrogenic potential. This study suggests that knee and peri-knee tissues from donors even 3 days post mortem are strategic sources of MSCs for regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Haring
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4769626
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Crippa S, Santi L, Berti M, De Ponti G, Bernardo ME. Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663316. [PMID: 34017834 PMCID: PMC8129582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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Chen T, Ye B, Tan J, Yang H, He F, Khalil RA. CD146+Mesenchymal stem cells treatment improves vascularization, muscle contraction and VEGF expression, and reduces apoptosis in rat ischemic hind limb. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114530. [PMID: 33891966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an increasingly common narrowing of the peripheral arteries that can lead to lower limb ischemia, muscle weakness and gangrene. Surgical vein or arterial grafts could improve PAD, but may not be suitable in elderly patients, prompting research into less invasive approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as potential therapy, but their effectiveness and underlying mechanisms in limb ischemia are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with naive MSCs (nMSCs) or MSCs expressing CD146 (CD146+MSCs) could improve vascularity and muscle function in rat model of hind-limb ischemia. Sixteen month old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham-operated control, ischemia, ischemia + nMSCs and ischemia+CD146+MSCs. After 4 weeks of respective treatment, rat groups were assessed for ischemic clinical score, Tarlov score, muscle capillary density, TUNEL apoptosis assay, contractile force, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression. CD146+MSCs showed greater CD146 mRNA expression than nMSCs. Treatment with nMSCs or CD146+MSCs improved clinical and Tarlov scores, muscle capillary density, contractile force and VEGF mRNA expression in ischemic limbs as compared to non-treated ischemia group. The improvements in muscle vascularity and function were particularly greater in ischemia+CD146+MSCs than ischemia + nMSCs group. TUNEL positive apoptotic cells were least abundant in ischemia+CD146+MSCs compared with ischemia + nMSCs and non-treated ischemia groups. Thus, MSCs particularly those expressing CD146 improve vascularity, muscle function and VEGF expression and reduce apoptosis in rat ischemic limb, and could represent a promising approach to improve angiogenesis and muscle function in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China; Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Faming He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 33579329 PMCID: PMC7880217 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have been intensely investigated for clinical applications within the last decades. However, the majority of registered clinical trials applying MSC therapy for diverse human diseases have fallen short of expectations, despite the encouraging pre-clinical outcomes in varied animal disease models. This can be attributable to inconsistent criteria for MSCs identity across studies and their inherited heterogeneity. Nowadays, with the emergence of advanced biological techniques and substantial improvements in bio-engineered materials, strategies have been developed to overcome clinical challenges in MSC application. Here in this review, we will discuss the major challenges of MSC therapies in clinical application, the factors impacting the diversity of MSCs, the potential approaches that modify MSC products with the highest therapeutic potential, and finally the usage of MSCs for COVID-19 pandemic disease.
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Meng QS, Liu J, Wei L, Fan HM, Zhou XH, Liang XT. Senescent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and restoring their cellular functions. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:966-985. [PMID: 33033558 PMCID: PMC7524698 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have various properties that make them promising candidates for stem cell-based therapies in clinical settings. These include self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunoregulation. However, recent studies have confirmed that aging is a vital factor that limits their function and therapeutic properties as standardized clinical products. Understanding the features of senescence and exploration of cell rejuvenation methods are necessary to develop effective strategies that can overcome the shortage and instability of MSCs. This review will summarize the current knowledge on characteristics and functional changes of aged MSCs. Additionally, it will highlight cell rejuvenation strategies such as molecular regulation, non-coding RNA modifications, and microenvironment controls that may enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shu Meng
- Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lu Wei
- Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hui-Min Fan
- Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhou
- Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Liang
- Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Zhang R, Deng Y, Lv Q, Xing Q, Pan Y, Liang J, Jiang M, Wei Y, Shi D, Xie B, Yang S. SQLE Promotes Differentiation and Apoptosis of Bovine Skeletal Muscle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:22-29. [PMID: 32011919 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) overexpression vector was transfected into bovine skeletal muscle-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to study the molecular mechanism of SQLE regulating meat quality through myogenesis. We initially profiled the expression of SQLE in cattle embryos and adults, in the muscle tissue of four different cattle varieties, and in 11 different tissues/organs of Guangxi cattle variety. Subsequently, we isolated and cultured bovine skeletal muscle-derived MSCs and detected the expression of SQLE during cell proliferation and differentiation. Then, we constructed a bovine SQLE overexpression vector and transfected it into bovine skeletal muscle-derived MSCs by liposome transfection. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to characterize cell proliferation and differentiation in detail. The results showed that the relative expression level of bovine SQLE gene in brain tissue was the highest, and in adult muscle tissue was significantly higher than that in embryonic stage. Especially, the expression of SQLE was significantly upregulated in cell differentiation stage. Furthermore, the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and myoblast differentiation assays indicated that SQLE significantly promoted the differentiation and apoptosis of bovine skeletal muscle-derived MSCs, but inhibited their proliferation. In conclusion, our study reveals the role of SQLE in myoblast differentiation. These results will provide new clues for the regulation network of bovine muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiao Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghua Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingsheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingkun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sufang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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