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Bhuvaneshwar K, Gusev Y. Translational bioinformatics and data science for biomarker discovery in mental health: an analytical review. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae098. [PMID: 38493340 PMCID: PMC10944574 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Translational bioinformatics and data science play a crucial role in biomarker discovery as it enables translational research and helps to bridge the gap between the bench research and the bedside clinical applications. Thanks to newer and faster molecular profiling technologies and reducing costs, there are many opportunities for researchers to explore the molecular and physiological mechanisms of diseases. Biomarker discovery enables researchers to better characterize patients, enables early detection and intervention/prevention and predicts treatment responses. Due to increasing prevalence and rising treatment costs, mental health (MH) disorders have become an important venue for biomarker discovery with the goal of improved patient diagnostics, treatment and care. Exploration of underlying biological mechanisms is the key to the understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MH disorders. In an effort to better understand the underlying mechanisms of MH disorders, we reviewed the major accomplishments in the MH space from a bioinformatics and data science perspective, summarized existing knowledge derived from molecular and cellular data and described challenges and areas of opportunities in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
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2
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Li L, Dai F, Wang L, Sun Y, Mei L, Ran Y, Ye F. CCL13 and human diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176639. [PMID: 37153575 PMCID: PMC10154514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL13/MCP-4 belongs to the CC chemokine family, which induces chemotaxis in many immune cells. Despite extensive research into its function in numerous disorders, a thorough analysis of CCL13 is not yet accessible. The role of CCL13 in human disorders and existing CCL13-focused therapies are outlined in this study. The function of CCL13 in rheumatic diseases, skin conditions, and cancer is comparatively well-established, and some studies also suggest that it may be involved in ocular disorders, orthopedic conditions, nasal polyps, and obesity. We also give an overview of research that found very little evidence of CCL13 in HIV, nephritis, and multiple sclerosis. Even though CCL13-mediated inflammation is frequently linked to disease pathogenesis, it's fascinating to note that in some conditions, like primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and suicide, it might even act as a preventative measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laifu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Dai,
| | - Lianli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yating Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangchen Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Patel S, Sharma D, Uniyal A, Gadepalli A, Tiwari V. Recent advancements in biomarker research in schizophrenia: mapping the road from bench to bedside. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2197-2211. [PMID: 35239143 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe progressive neurodegenerative as well as disruptive behavior disorder affecting innumerable people throughout the world. The discovery of potential biomarkers in the clinical scenario would lead to the development of effective methods of diagnosis and would provide an understanding of the prognosis of the disease. Moreover, breakthrough inventions for the treatment and prevention of this mysterious disease could evolve as a result of a thorough understanding of the clinical biomarkers. In this review, we have discussed about specific biomarkers of SZ an emphasis has been laid to delineate (1) diagnostic biomarkers like neuroimmune biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, oligodendrocyte biomarkers and biomarkers of negative and cognitive symptoms, (2) therapeutic biomarkers like various neurotransmitter systems and (3) prognostic biomarkers. All the biomarkers were evaluated in drug-naïve (at least for 4 weeks) patients in order to achieve a clear comparison between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Also, an attempt has been made to elucidate the potential genes which serve as predictors and tools for the determination of biomarkers and would ultimately help in the prevention and treatment of this deadly illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, 400098, Mumbai, India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 07103, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India.
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Pandolfo G, Iannuzzo F, Genovese G, Bruno A, Pioggia G, Baldari S, Gangemi S. Mental Illness and Amyloid: A Scoping Review of Scientific Evidence over the Last 10 Years (2011 to 2021). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101352. [PMID: 34679416 PMCID: PMC8534102 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein and its derivates represent a central factor in the process of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since mental illnesses share with AD cognitive impairment, amyloid indicators have been used to explore the unknown pathophysiologic mechanisms underlining psychiatric illness. This work aims to compare the role of amyloid markers, together with tau proteins, among various mental disorders evaluating the possible role of altered amyloid metabolism in the onset and in the course of psychiatric diseases, considering the relationship with cognitive impairment in dementia. This review includes articles written in English, published between 1 January 2011 and 31 January 2021, which evaluated amyloid and tau proteins in psychiatric patients. After screening, 31 studies were included in the review. Results suggest that amyloid metabolism is altered in major psychiatric disorders and that it could be a marker of cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the role of amyloid in mental diseases seems to be related to neurodevelopmental alteration as well as neurodegeneration processes, like in AD. The role of amyloid in the pathogenesis of mental disorders is still unknown. Amyloid should not be only considered as a marker of cognitive impairment in mental illness, but also for altered neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pandolfo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiammetta Iannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3276284688
| | - Giovanni Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Kwon J, Arsenis C, Suessmilch M, McColl A, Cavanagh J, Morris BJ. Differential Effects of Toll-Like Receptor Activation and Differential Mediation by MAP Kinases of Immune Responses in Microglial Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2655-2671. [PMID: 34297254 PMCID: PMC9560989 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is believed to play a role in many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Based largely on evidence from other cell types, it is widely thought that MAP kinase (ERK, JNK and p38) signalling pathways contribute strongly to microglial activation following immune stimuli acting on toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 or TLR4. We report here that exposure of SimA9 mouse microglial cell line to immune mimetics stimulating TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide-LPS) or TLR7/8 (resiquimod/R848), results in marked MAP kinase activation, followed by induction of nitric oxide synthase, and various cytokines/chemokines. However, in contrast to TLR4 or TLR7/8 stimulation, very few effects of TLR3 stimulation by poly-inosine/cytidine (polyI:C) were detected. Induction of chemokines/cytokines at the mRNA level by LPS and resiquimod were, in general, only marginally affected by MAP kinase inhibition, and expression of TNF, Ccl2 and Ccl5 mRNAs, along with nitrite production, were enhanced by p38 inhibition in a stimulus-specific manner. Selective JNK inhibition enhanced Ccl2 and Ccl5 release. Many distinct responses to stimulation of TLR4 and TLR7 were observed, with JNK mediating TNF protein induction by the latter but not the former, and suppressing Ccl5 release by the former but not the latter. These data reveal complex modulation by MAP kinases of microglial responses to immune challenge, including a dampening of some responses. They demonstrate that abnormal levels of JNK or p38 signalling in microglial cells will perturb their profile of cytokine and chemokine release, potentially contributing to abnormal inflammatory patterns in CNS disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christos Arsenis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maria Suessmilch
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison McColl
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Ciobanu AM, Geza L, David IG, Popa DE, Buleandra M, Ciucu AA, Dehelean L. Actualities in immunological markers and electrochemical sensors for determination of dopamine and its metabolites in psychotic disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:888. [PMID: 34194566 PMCID: PMC8237259 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders represent a serious health concern. At this moment, anamnestic data, international criteria for diagnosis/classification from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 and the International Classification of Diseases-10 and diagnostic scales are used to establish a diagnosis. The most commonly used biomarkers in psychotic illnesses are those regarding the neuroimmune system, metabolic abnormalities, neurotrophins and neurotransmitter systems and proteomics. A current issue faced by clinicians is the lack of biomarkers to help develop a more accurate diagnosis, with the possibility of initiating the most effective treatment. The detection of biological markers for psychosis has the potential to contribute to improvements in its diagnosis, prognosis and treatment effectiveness. The mixture of multiple biomarkers may improve the ability to differentiate and classify these patients. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the literature concerning the potential biomarkers that could be used in medical practice and to review the newest developments in electrochemical sensors used for dopamine detection, one of the most important exploited biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 041914 Bucharest, Romania.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luana Geza
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 041914 Bucharest, Romania.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Alexandru Ciucu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liana Dehelean
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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7
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Anti-Inflamatory Activity of Neolignan Compound Isolated from the Roots of Saururus chinensis. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080932. [PMID: 32717911 PMCID: PMC7466048 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. is a perennial herb and grows in Korea, China, and Japan. Interestingly, (7S,8S)-Δ8′-3,4-methylenedioxy-3′,5,5′-trimethoxy-7-monoacetate-8.O.4′-neolignan (MTMN), one of the active neolignans, was first isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis. The compound was screened for anti-inflammatory activity using a RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The dried roots of S. chinensis (9.7 kg) were extracted with 70% methanol and then solvent fractionation. From the ethyl acetate fraction, MTMN was purified through silica gel column and reverse-phase column chromatography and its structure was identified by spectroscopic analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, and mass spectrometry. RAW264.7 cells were induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with or without MTMN. Production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by immunoblotting. The isolated neolignan was (7S,8S)-Δ8′-3,4-methylenedioxy-3′,5,5′-trimethoxy-7-monoacetate-8.O.4′-neolignan. This compound suppressed the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions, which led to a decrease in the production of NO and PGE2 levels. Further studies, including in animal models, will be required to establish the precise pharmacological effect of MTMN.
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Zhang G, Xu S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, An J, Lin J, Yuan Z, Shen L, Si T. Identification of Key Genes and the Pathophysiology Associated With Major Depressive Disorder Patients Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:192. [PMID: 32317989 PMCID: PMC7146847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: At present, laboratory blood tests to support major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis are not available. This study aimed to screen potential mRNAs for peripheral blood biomarkers and novel pathophysiology of MDD. Methods: The present study utilized public data from two mRNA microarray datasets to analyze the hub genes changes related to MDD. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed. Finally, some potential mRNA quality biomarkers for hub gene expression in blood were identified. Results: A total of 25 significantly co-upregulated DEGs and 98 co-downregulated DEGs were obtained from two datasets. The pathway enrichment analyses showed that co-upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the regulation of cell-matrix adhesion and mitochondrial membrane permeability which were involved in the apoptotic process. Co-downregulated genes were mainly involved in the neutrophil activation which in turn was involved in the immune response, degranulation and cell-mediated immunity, positive regulation of immune response, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. From the PPI network, 14 hub genes were obtained. Among them, the subnetworks of PLCG1, BCL2A1, TLR8, FADD, and TLR4 screened out from our study have been shown to play a role in immune and inflammation responses. Discussion: The potential molecular mechanisms that have been identified simultaneously include innate immunity, neuroinflammation, and neurotrophic factors for synapse function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Hebei North University, Hebei, China
| | - Yankun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianmei Si
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
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Vuong E, Nothling J, Lombard C, Jewkes R, Peer N, Abrahams N, Seedat S. Peripheral adiponectin levels in anxiety, mood, trauma- and stressor-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:372-409. [PMID: 31539673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety, mood, trauma- and stressor-related disorders confer increased risk for metabolic disease. Adiponectin, a cytokine released by adipose tissue is associated with these disorders and obesity via inflammatory processes. Available data describing associations with mental disorders remain limited and conflicted. METHODS A systematic search was conducted for English, peer-reviewed articles from inception until February 2019 that assessed for serum or plasma adiponectin levels in adults with an anxiety, mood or trauma-related disorder. Diagnoses were determined by psychiatric interview, based on DSM-IV, DSM-5 or ICD-10 criteria. Analyses were performed using STATA 15 and Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval was applied to pool the effect size of meta-analysis studies. RESULTS In total 65 eligible studies were included in the systematic review and 30 studies in this meta-analysis. 19,178 participants (11,262 females and 7916 males), comprising healthy adults and adults with anxiety, mood and trauma-related disorders, were included. Overall results indicated an inverse association between adiponectin levels and examined mental disorders. Specifically, patients with an anxiety disorder (SMD = -1.18 µg/mL, 95% CI, -2.34; -0.01, p = 0.047); trauma or stressor-related disorder (SMD = -0.34 µg/mL, 95% CI, -0.52; -0.17, p = 0.0000) or bipolar disorder (SMD = -0.638 µg/mL, 95% CI, -1.16, -0.12, p = 0.017) had significant lower adiponectin levels compared to healthy adults. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity, potential publication bias, and lack of control for important potential confounders were significant limitations. CONCLUSION Peripheral adiponectin levels appear to be inversely associated with anxiety, mood, trauma- and stressor related disorders and may be a promising biomarker for diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vuong
- South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - J Nothling
- South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - N Peer
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Abrahams
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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10
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Zhang G, Xu S, Yuan Z, Shen L. Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Identifies Specific Modules and Hub Genes Related to Major Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:703-713. [PMID: 32214815 PMCID: PMC7079285 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s244452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite advances in characterizing the neurobiology of emotional disorders, there is still a significant lack of scientific understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms governing major depressive disorder (MDD). This study attempted to elucidate the molecular circuitry of MDD and to identify more potential genes associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Microarray data from the GSE98793 dataset were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 128 patients with MDD and 64 healthy controls. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to find modules of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with high correlations followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to obtain further biological insight into the top three key modules. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the modules from the PPI network, and the gene annotation enrichment of modules were analyzed, as well. RESULTS We filtered 3276 genes that were considered significant DEGs for further WGCNA analysis. By performing WGCNA, we found that the turquoise, blue and brown functional modules were all strongly correlated with MDD development, including immune response, neutrophil degranulation, ribosome biogenesis, T cell activation, glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process, and protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity. Hub genes were identified in the key functional modules that might have a role in the progression of MDD. Functional annotation showed that these modules primarily enriched such KEGG pathways as the TNF signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, primary immunodeficiency, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation, autophagy and RNA degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest that these genes are closely related to autophagy and cellular immune function. CONCLUSION The results of this study may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of MDD development at the molecular level and explore the potential molecular mechanisms for new interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome; Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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11
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Farokhnia M, Berger AL, Karoly HC, Hwa LS, Varodayan FP. The Promise of Neuroimmune Targets for Treating Drug Addiction and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Exemplification. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:220. [PMID: 32256420 PMCID: PMC7090216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anthony L Berger
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hollis C Karoly
- Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Lara S Hwa
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Florence P Varodayan
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
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12
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Ushkalova EA, Zyryanov SK, Zatolochina KE. [Muramyldipeptide - based compounds in current medicine: focus on glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:122-127. [PMID: 32598599 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.12.000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of almost all human diseases shown in recent decades, increase in antibiotic resistance and secondary immunodeficiency, aging of the population and widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs and procedures suggest a wider use of immunomodulators in current clinical practice, but the use of most of them limits the lack of knowledge. The most promising compounds for the development as immunomodulating agents and adjuvants for a wide range of vaccines are low molecular weight fragments of peptidoglycan - muramylpeptides. The article describes the mechanisms of action of muramylpeptides, their biological effects and properties of medicines developed on their basis. Special emphasis is placed to glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide registered in the Russian Federation under the trade name Likopid, which is currently the best - studied drug in its group. The results of Likopid studies when used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for infections of various localization in adults and children, for oncological diseases and complications of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, psoriasis, atopic and other diseases are presented. It is emphasized that in diseases associated with human papillomavirus and plaque psoriasis, according to current criteria of evidence - based medicine, Likopid should be classified as drug with level A efficacy (high efficiency in 80-100% of patients). High safety of Likopid in adults and children, including newborns, is noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ushkalova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
| | - S K Zyryanov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University).,City Clinical Hospital No. 24
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13
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Ghura S, Gross R, Jordan-Sciutto K, Dubroff J, Schnoll R, Collman RG, Ashare RL. Bidirectional Associations among Nicotine and Tobacco Smoke, NeuroHIV, and Antiretroviral Therapy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:694-714. [PMID: 31834620 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era may lose more life-years to tobacco use than to HIV. Yet, smoking rates are more than twice as high among PLWH than the general population, contributing not just to mortality but to other adverse health outcomes, including neurocognitive deficits (neuroHIV). There is growing evidence that synergy with chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation that persists despite ART may be one mechanism by which tobacco smoking contributes to neuroHIV. This review will summarize the differential effects of nicotine vs tobacco smoking on inflammation in addition to the effects of tobacco smoke components on HIV disease progression. We will also discuss biomarkers of inflammation via neuroimaging as well as biomarkers of nicotine dependence (e.g., nicotine metabolite ratio). Tobacco smoking and nicotine may impact ART drug metabolism and conversely, certain ARTs may impact nicotine metabolism. Thus, we will review these bidirectional relationships and how they may contribute to neuroHIV and other adverse outcomes. We will also discuss the effects of tobacco use on the interaction between peripheral organs (lungs, heart, kidney) and subsequent CNS function in the context of HIV. Lastly, given the dramatic rise in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems, we will discuss the implications of vaping on these processes. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of addressing tobacco use among PLWH, more research is necessary at both the preclinical and clinical level to disentangle the potentially synergistic effects of tobacco use, nicotine, HIV, cognition and immune dysregulation, as well as identify optimal approaches to reduce tobacco use. Graphical Abstract Proposed model of the relationships among HIV, ART, smoking, inflammation, and neurocognition. Solid lines represent relationships supported by evidence. Dashed lines represent relationships for which there is not enough evidence to make a conclusion. (a) HIV infection produces elevated levels of inflammation even among virally suppressed individuals. (b) HIV is associated with deficits in cognition function. (c) Smoking rates are higher among PLWH, compared to the general population. (d) The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) is associated with smoking behavior. (e) HIV and tobacco use are both associated with higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, and elevated levels of chronic stress. These factors may represent other mechanisms linking HIV and tobacco use. (f) The relationship between nicotine, tobacco smoking, and inflammation is complex, but it is well-established that smoking induces inflammation; the evidence for nicotine as anti-inflammatory is supported in some studies, but not others. (g) The relationship between tobacco use and neurocognition may differ for the effects of nicotine (acute nicotine use may have beneficial effects) vs. tobacco smoking (chronic use may impair cognition). (h) Elevated levels of inflammation may be associated with deficits in cognition. (i) PLWH may metabolize nicotine faster than those without HIV; the mechanism is not yet known and the finding needs validation in larger samples. We also hypothesize that if HIV-infection increases nicotine metabolism, then we should observe an attenuation effect once ART is initiated. (j) It is possible that the increase in NMR is due to ART effects on CYP2A6. (k) We hypothesize that faster nicotine metabolism may result in higher levels of inflammation since nicotine has anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivesh Ghura
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 4100, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Ashare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 4100, USA.
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14
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Rheumatoid arthritis and depression: an inflammatory perspective. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:164-173. [PMID: 30366684 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with depression has long been recognised. Data that illustrate the intimate associations between peripheral and brain immune responses raise the possibility of shared pathophysiological mechanisms. These associations include the negative effects of proinflammatory cytokines on monoaminergic neurotransmission, neurotrophic factors, and measures of synaptic plasticity. The evidence supporting this association is accumulating and includes findings from clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapy, indicating that these interventions can provide benefits to mental health independent of improvements in physical disease scores. In this Review, we assess this evidence in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and depression, with a focus on innate immune and molecular responses to inflammation, and discuss the challenges of assessing causation in this population, acknowledging the difficulty of assessing the confounding and contributory effects of pain and fatigue. We also discuss how future clinical and preclinical research might improve diagnosis of depression in people with rheumatoid arthritis and shed light on mechanisms that could be substrates for therapeutic interventions.
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15
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Bragazzi NL, Watad A, Gizunterman A, McGonagle D, Mahagna H, Comaneshter D, Amital H, Cohen AD, Amital D. The burden of depression in systemic sclerosis patients: a nationwide population-based study. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:427-431. [PMID: 30268959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) can clinically present with psychological symptoms, including pain, depression, and distress about disfigurement, physical and social functioning. The existing small studies have reported a prevalence of depression ranging from 36% to 65% among SSc patients, likely reflecting the disease impact on the patient's self-image and function. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the association between SSc and depression using big data analysis methods. METHODS We designed a nation-wide epidemiological survey relying on a large database of 2500 SSc patients and explored the relationship between SSc and depression, but also the impact of depression on the survival of SSc patients. Chi-squared and t-tests were used for univariate analysis and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS The proportion rate of depression among SSc patients was significantly higher than controls (16.2% vs 10.9%), and this proportion was even higher in female SSc patients and of low socioeconomic status. At the multivariate logistic regression, SSc was found to be an independent risk factor for depression with an OR of 1.55 (95%CI 1.29-1.88, p < 0.0001). No significant association was found between SSc-specific autoantibodies (anti-centromere, anti-Scl-70, anti-RNA polymerase III and anti-RNP) status and the risk of depression. Depression was not found to have a significant impact on the survival of SSc patients with an HR of 1.06 (0.80-1.42). CONCLUSIONS This study provides further support for the high prevalence of depression in SSc patients and therefore, SSc patients may benefit from a screening approach and a broad supportive care program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, Genoa University, Genoa, Italy; Centro Studi di Terapia della Gestalt (CSTG), Milan, Italy
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine B and Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Dennis McGonagle
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Hussein Mahagna
- Department of Medicine B and Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine B and Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Arnon D Cohen
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniela Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Ness-Ziona, Mental Health Center, Beer-Yaakov, Israel
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16
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Momtazmanesh S, Zare-Shahabadi A, Rezaei N. Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Updated Review. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:892. [PMID: 31908647 PMCID: PMC6915198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a multisystem disorder with an unknown etiology, is associated with several immune dysfunctions, including abnormal levels of circulating cytokines. In this review, we investigated the changes of cytokines in schizophrenic patients, their connection with behavioral symptoms severity and their potential clinical implications. We also assessed the possible causative role of abnormal cytokine levels in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Based on meta-analyses, we categorized cytokines according to their changes in schizophrenic patients into four groups: (1) increased cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, (2) non-altered cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17, (3) increased or non-altered cytokines, including IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and (4) IL-10 with increased, decreased, and non-altered levels. Notably, alterations in cytokines may be variable in four different categories of SP, including first-episode and drug-naïve, first-episode and non-drug-naïve, stable chronic, and chronic in acute relapse. Furthermore, disease duration, symptoms severity, incidence of aggression, and cognitive abilities are correlated with levels of certain cytokines. Clinical implications of investigating the levels of cytokine in schizophrenic patients include early diagnosis, novel therapeutic targets development, patient stratification for choosing the best therapeutic protocol, and predicting the prognosis and treatment response. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-2 are related to the treatment response. The available evidence shows a potential causative role for cytokines in schizophrenia development. There is a substantial need for studies investigating the levels of cytokines before disease development and delineating the therapeutic implications of the disrupted cytokine levels in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroimmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Neuroimmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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17
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Al-Alawi M, Al Sinawi H, Rashid R. In the Realm of Psychoneuroimmunology: The Role of Celecoxib as an Add-On Treatment for Bipolar Mania. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:164-167. [PMID: 30643790 PMCID: PMC6323359 DOI: 10.1159/000494700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic debilitating psychiatric illness seriously affecting the quality of patients' life. The available treatment is effective in about half of those suffering from the illness. The neurobiological basis of the disorder is not fully unraveled. With such lacunae, attempts have been made to decipher the underlying neuroimmunological process of the illness as is the case with other mental disorders. As a result, some inflammatory processes have been implicated in the etiology of BPAD, as described in this communication. Subsequently, the role of anti-inflammatory agents such as celecoxib was investigated by treating different phases of BPAD. Given the promising outcomes of several trials and reviews, celecoxib has gained momentum and has been recommended as an adjunctive treatment by some guidelines for treating resistant BPAD cases. This brief communication highlights some of the caveats in the randomized trials using celecoxib as an add-on treatment in bipolar mania specifically, which need to be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Alawi
- Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hamed Al Sinawi
- Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Roshe Rashid
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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18
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Kinfe TM, Hurlemann R. Is Molecular Inflammatory Profiling a Useful Tool for Personalized Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders? Neuromodulation 2018; 21:826-827. [PMID: 30394619 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Kinfe
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rene Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Ashare RL, Wetherill RR. The Intersection of Sex Differences, Tobacco Use, and Inflammation: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:75. [PMID: 30094593 PMCID: PMC7018440 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tobacco use, sex differences, and psychiatric disorders are associated with altered immune function. There are also sex differences in tobacco use and psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes findings from the small, but growing literature examining sex differences in the effects of tobacco use on inflammation and the implications for psychiatric disorders. RECENT FINDINGS We identified four studies that tested the interaction between sex and tobacco/nicotine on inflammation. Although males and females generally exhibited differential tobacco-induced immune responses, the pattern varied depending on the sample (rodents vs. humans) and the method to evaluate inflammation. Evidence suggests that sex modulates the effects of tobacco smoke on inflammation. Many inflammation markers associated with sex differences and tobacco use are related to psychiatric disorders. We propose a model in which sex, tobacco use, and inflammation interact to increase risk for psychiatric disorders. Future studies are needed to examine the mechanisms that explain this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Ashare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reagan R. Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Pratt JA, Morris B, Dawson N. Deconstructing Schizophrenia: Advances in Preclinical Models for Biomarker Identification. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:295-323. [PMID: 29721851 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered to develop as a consequence of genetic and environmental factors impacting on brain neural systems and circuits during vulnerable neurodevelopmental periods, thereby resulting in symptoms in early adulthood. Understanding of the impact of schizophrenia risk factors on brain biology and behaviour can help in identifying biologically relevant pathways that are attractive for informing clinical studies and biomarker development. In this chapter, we emphasize the importance of adopting a reciprocal forward and reverse translation approach that is iteratively updated when additional new information is gained, either preclinically or clinically, for offering the greatest opportunity for discovering panels of biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Importantly, biomarkers for identifying those at risk may inform early intervention strategies prior to the development of schizophrenia.Given the emerging nature of this approach in the field, this review will highlight recent research of preclinical biomarkers in schizophrenia that show the most promise for informing clinical needs with an emphasis on relevant imaging, electrophysiological, cognitive behavioural and biochemical modalities. The implementation of this reciprocal translational approach is exemplified firstly by the production and characterization of preclinical models based on the glutamate hypofunction hypothesis, genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia (reverse translation), and then the recent clinical recognition of the thalamic reticular thalamus (TRN) as an important locus of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia as informed by preclinical findings (forward translation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Brian Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Abstract
The search for biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of psychiatric conditions and predict response to treatment is a focus of twenty-first century medicine. The current lack of biomarkers in routine use is attributable in part to the existing way mental health conditions are diagnosed, being based upon descriptions of symptoms rather than causal biological evidence. New ways of conceptualizing mental health disorders together with the enormous advances in genetic, epidemiological, and neuroscience research are informing the brain circuits and physiological mechanisms underpinning behavioural constructs that cut across current diagnostic DSM-5 categories. Combining these advances with 'Big Data', analytical approaches offer new opportunities for biomarker development. Here we provide an introductory perspective to this volume, highlighting methodological strategies for biomarker identification; ranging from stem cells, immune mechanisms, genomics, imaging, network science to cognition. Thereafter we emphasize key points made by contributors on affective disorders, psychosis, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder. An underlying theme is how preclinical and clinical research are informing biomarker development and the importance of forward and reverse translation approaches. In considering the exploitation of biomarkers we note that there is a timely opportunity to improve clinical trial design informed by patient 'biological' and 'psychological' phenotype. This has the potential to reinvigorate drug development and clinical trials in psychiatry. In conclusion, we are poised to move from the descriptive and discovery phase to one where biomarker panels can be evaluated in real-life cohorts. This will necessitate resources for large-scale collaborative efforts worldwide. Ultimately this will lead to new interventions and personalized medicines and transform our ability to prevent illness onset and treat complex psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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