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Renner K, Bruss C, Schnell A, Koehl G, Becker HM, Fante M, Menevse AN, Kauer N, Blazquez R, Hacker L, Decking SM, Bohn T, Faerber S, Evert K, Aigle L, Amslinger S, Landa M, Krijgsman O, Rozeman EA, Brummer C, Siska PJ, Singer K, Pektor S, Miederer M, Peter K, Gottfried E, Herr W, Marchiq I, Pouyssegur J, Roush WR, Ong S, Warren S, Pukrop T, Beckhove P, Lang SA, Bopp T, Blank CU, Cleveland JL, Oefner PJ, Dettmer K, Selby M, Kreutz M. Restricting Glycolysis Preserves T Cell Effector Functions and Augments Checkpoint Therapy. Cell Rep 2020; 29:135-150.e9. [PMID: 31577944 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived lactic acid inhibits T and natural killer (NK) cell function and, thereby, tumor immunosurveillance. Here, we report that melanoma patients with high expression of glycolysis-related genes show a worse progression free survival upon anti-PD1 treatment. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac lowers lactate secretion of tumor cells and improves anti-PD1-induced T cell killing in vitro. Surprisingly, diclofenac, but not other NSAIDs, turns out to be a potent inhibitor of the lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 and diminishes lactate efflux. Notably, T cell activation, viability, and effector functions are preserved under diclofenac treatment and in a low glucose environment in vitro. Diclofenac, but not aspirin, delays tumor growth and improves the efficacy of checkpoint therapy in vivo. Moreover, genetic suppression of glycolysis in tumor cells strongly improves checkpoint therapy. These findings support the rationale for targeting glycolysis in patients with high glycolytic tumors together with checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Koehl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias Fante
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayse-Nur Menevse
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Blazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Hacker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Maria Decking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Toszka Bohn
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University (UMC) Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Faerber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Aigle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Amslinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Landa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa A Rozeman
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Brummer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Gottfried
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ibtisam Marchiq
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM-UNS UMR 7284, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM-UNS UMR 7284, Nice, France; Department of Medical Biology, Scientific Centre of Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - SuFey Ong
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University (UMC) Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), UMC Mainz, Mainz, Germany; University Cancer Center Mainz, UMC Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Selby
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
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CAIX forms a transport metabolon with monocarboxylate transporters in human breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 39:1710-1723. [PMID: 31723238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells rely on glycolysis to meet their elevated demand for energy. Thereby they produce significant amounts of lactate and protons, which are exported via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), supporting the formation of an acidic microenvironment. The present study demonstrates that carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), one of the major acid/base regulators in cancer cells, forms a protein complex with MCT1 and MCT4 in tissue samples from human breast cancer patients, but not healthy breast tissue. Formation of this transport metabolon requires binding of CAIX to the Ig1 domain of the MCT1/4 chaperon CD147 and is required for CAIX-mediated facilitation of MCT1/4 activity. Application of an antibody, directed against the CD147-Ig1 domain, displaces CAIX from the transporter and suppresses CAIX-mediated facilitation of proton-coupled lactate transport. In cancer cells, this "metabolon disruption" results in a decrease in lactate transport, reduced glycolysis, and ultimately reduced cell proliferation. Taken together, the study shows that carbonic anhydrases form transport metabolons with acid/base transporters in human tumor tissue and that these interactions can be exploited to interfere with tumor metabolism and proliferation.
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3
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Aspatwar A, Tolvanen MEE, Schneider HP, Becker HM, Narkilahti S, Parkkila S, Deitmer JW. Catalytically inactive carbonic anhydrase-related proteins enhance transport of lactate by MCT1. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1204-1211. [PMID: 31033227 PMCID: PMC6609565 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CA) catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to protons and bicarbonate and thereby play a fundamental role in the epithelial acid/base transport mechanisms serving fluid secretion and absorption for whole‐body acid/base regulation. The three carbonic anhydrase‐related proteins (CARPs) VIII, X, and XI, however, are catalytically inactive. Previous work has shown that some CA isoforms noncatalytically enhance lactate transport through various monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). Therefore, we examined whether the catalytically inactive CARPs play a role in lactate transport. Here, we report that CARP VIII, X, and XI enhance transport activity of the MCT MCT1 when coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, as evidenced by the rate of rise in intracellular H+ concentration detected using ion‐sensitive microelectrodes. Based on previous studies, we suggest that CARPs may function as a ‘proton antenna’ for MCT1, to drive proton‐coupled lactate transport across the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | | | | | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, FB Biologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- Division of General Zoology, FB Biologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Forero-Quintero LS, Ames S, Schneider HP, Thyssen A, Boone CD, Andring JT, McKenna R, Casey JR, Deitmer JW, Becker HM. Membrane-anchored carbonic anhydrase IV interacts with monocarboxylate transporters via their chaperones CD147 and GP70. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:593-607. [PMID: 30446621 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) mediate the proton-coupled exchange of high-energy metabolites, including lactate and pyruvate, between cells and tissues. The transport activity of MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 can be facilitated by the extracellular carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV) via a noncatalytic mechanism. Combining physiological measurements in HEK-293 cells and Xenopus oocytes with pulldown experiments, we analyzed the direct interaction between CAIV and the two MCT chaperones basigin (CD147) and embigin (GP70). Our results show that facilitation of MCT transport activity requires direct binding of CAIV to the transporters chaperones. We found that this binding is mediated by the highly conserved His-88 residue in CAIV, which is also the central residue of the enzyme's intramolecular proton shuttle, and a charged amino acid residue in the Ig1 domain of the chaperone. Although the position of the CAIV-binding site in the chaperone was conserved, the amino acid residue itself varied among different species. In human CD147, binding of CAIV was mediated by the negatively charged Glu-73 and in rat CD147 by the positively charged Lys-73. In rat GP70, we identified the positively charged Arg-130 as the binding site. Further analysis of the CAIV-binding site revealed that the His-88 in CAIV can either act as H donor or H acceptor for the hydrogen bond, depending on the charge of the binding residue in the chaperone. Our results suggest that the CAIV-mediated increase in MCT transport activity requires direct binding between CAIV-His-88 and a charged amino acid in the extracellular domain of the transporter's chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Forero-Quintero
- From the Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Samantha Ames
- From the Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schneider
- From the Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anne Thyssen
- From the Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christopher D Boone
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jacob T Andring
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Robert McKenna
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Joseph R Casey
- the Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada, and
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- From the Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- From the Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany, .,the Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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5
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The proteoglycan-like domain of carbonic anhydrase IX mediates non-catalytic facilitation of lactate transport in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27940-27957. [PMID: 29963253 PMCID: PMC6021347 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly glycolytic tumor cells release vast amounts of lactate and protons via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which exacerbate extracellular acidification and support the formation of a hostile environment. Transport activity of MCTs can be facilitated by non-catalytic interaction with carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), the expression of which has been shown to be upregulated under hypoxia. We have now studied the mechanisms that enable CAIX-mediated facilitation of proton-coupled lactate transport in breast cancer cells and Xenopus oocytes. Our results indicate that the proteoglycan like (PG) domain of CAIX could function as ‘proton antenna’ to facilitate MCT transport activity. Truncation of the PG domain and application of a PG-binding antibody significantly reduced proton-coupled lactate transport in MCT-expressing oocytes and hypoxic breast cancer cells, respectively. Furthermore, application of the PG-binding antibody reduced proliferation and migration of hypoxic cancer cells, suggesting that facilitation of proton-coupled lactate flux by the CAIX PG domain contributes to cancer cell survival under hypoxic conditions.
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Noor SI, Jamali S, Ames S, Langer S, Deitmer JW, Becker HM. A surface proton antenna in carbonic anhydrase II supports lactate transport in cancer cells. eLife 2018; 7:35176. [PMID: 29809145 PMCID: PMC5986270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tumor cells produce vast amounts of lactate and acid, which have to be removed from the cell to prevent intracellular lactacidosis and suffocation of metabolism. In the present study, we show that proton-driven lactate flux is enhanced by the intracellular carbonic anhydrase CAII, which is colocalized with the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Co-expression of MCTs with various CAII mutants in Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that CAII facilitates MCT transport activity in a process involving CAII-Glu69 and CAII-Asp72, which could function as surface proton antennae for the enzyme. CAII-Glu69 and CAII-Asp72 seem to mediate proton transfer between enzyme and transporter, but CAII-His64, the central residue of the enzyme's intramolecular proton shuttle, is not involved in proton shuttling between the two proteins. Instead, this residue mediates binding between MCT and CAII. Taken together, the results suggest that CAII features a moiety that exclusively mediates proton exchange with the MCT to facilitate transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ibne Noor
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Somayeh Jamali
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Samantha Ames
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Silke Langer
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Noor SI, Pouyssegur J, Deitmer JW, Becker HM. Integration of a 'proton antenna' facilitates transport activity of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4. FEBS J 2016; 284:149-162. [PMID: 27860283 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) mediate the proton-coupled transport of high-energy metabolites like lactate and pyruvate and are expressed in nearly every mammalian tissue. We have shown previously that transport activity of MCT4 is enhanced by carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), which has been suggested to function as a 'proton antenna' for the transporter. In the present study, we tested whether creation of an endogenous proton antenna by introduction of a cluster of histidine residues into the C-terminal tail of MCT4 (MCT4-6xHis) could facilitate MCT4 transport activity when heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results show that integration of six histidines into the C-terminal tail does indeed increase transport activity of MCT4 to the same extent as did coexpression of MCT4-WT with CAII. Transport activity of MCT4-6xHis could be further enhanced by coexpression with extracellular CAIV, but not with intracellular CAII. Injection of an antibody against the histidine cluster into MCT4-expressing oocytes decreased transport activity of MCT4-6xHis, while leaving activity of MCT4-WT unaltered. Taken together, these findings suggest that transport activity of the proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 can be facilitated by integration of an endogenous proton antenna into the transporter's C-terminal tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ibne Noor
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco.,Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, CNRS, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Kazokaitė J, Ames S, Becker HM, Deitmer JW, Matulis D. Selective inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase IX in Xenopus oocytes and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:38-44. [PMID: 27557419 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1217854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is overexpressed in the most aggressive and invasive tumors. Therefore, CA IX has become the promising antitumor drug target. Three inhibitors have been shown to selectively and with picomolar affinity inhibit human recombinant CA IX. Their inhibitory potencies were determined for the CA IX, CA II, CA IV and CA XII in Xenopus oocytes and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. The inhibition IC50 value of microelectrode-monitored intracellular and extracellular acidification reached 15 nM for CA IX, but with no effect on CA II expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Results were confirmed by mass spectrometric gas analysis of lysed oocytes, when an inhibitory effect on CA IX catalytic activity was found after the injection of 1 nM VD11-4-2. Moreover, VD11-4-2 inhibited CA activity in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations. This combination of high selectivity and potency renders VD11-4-2, an auspicious therapeutic drug for target-specific tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kazokaitė
- a Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design , Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania and
| | - Samantha Ames
- b Division of General Zoology , FB Biologie, TU Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- b Division of General Zoology , FB Biologie, TU Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- b Division of General Zoology , FB Biologie, TU Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- a Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design , Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania and
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Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX facilitates lactate flux in human breast cancer cells by non-catalytic function. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13605. [PMID: 26337752 PMCID: PMC4559800 DOI: 10.1038/srep13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The most aggressive tumour cells, which often reside in hypoxic environments, rely on glycolysis for energy production. Thereby they release vast amounts of lactate and protons via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which exacerbates extracellular acidification and supports the formation of a hostile environment. We have studied the mechanisms of regulated lactate transport in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Under hypoxia, expression of MCT1 and MCT4 remained unchanged, while expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was greatly enhanced. Our results show that CAIX augments MCT1 transport activity by a non-catalytic interaction. Mutation studies in Xenopus oocytes indicate that CAIX, via its intramolecular H+-shuttle His200, functions as a “proton-collecting/distributing antenna” to facilitate rapid lactate flux via MCT1. Knockdown of CAIX significantly reduced proliferation of cancer cells, suggesting that rapid efflux of lactate and H+, as enhanced by CAIX, contributes to cancer cell survival under hypoxic conditions.
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10
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Noor SI, Dietz S, Heidtmann H, Boone CD, McKenna R, Deitmer JW, Becker HM. Analysis of the binding moiety mediating the interaction between monocarboxylate transporters and carbonic anhydrase II. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4476-86. [PMID: 25561737 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) mediate the exchange of high energy metabolites like lactate between different cells and tissues. We have reported previously that carbonic anhydrase II augments transport activity of MCT1 and MCT4 by a noncatalytic mechanism, while leaving transport activity of MCT2 unaltered. In the present study, we combined electrophysiological measurements in Xenopus oocytes and pulldown experiments to analyze the direct interaction between carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4, respectively. Transport activity of MCT2-WT, which lacks a putative CAII-binding site, is not augmented by CAII. However, introduction of a CAII-binding site into the C terminus of MCT2 resulted in CAII-mediated facilitation of MCT2 transport activity. Interestingly, introduction of three glutamic acid residues alone was not sufficient to establish a direct interaction between MCT2 and CAII, but the cluster had to be arranged in a fashion that allowed access to the binding moiety in CAII. We further demonstrate that functional interaction between MCT4 and CAII requires direct binding of the enzyme to the acidic cluster (431)EEE in the C terminus of MCT4 in a similar fashion as previously shown for binding of CAII to the cluster (489)EEE in the C terminus of MCT1. In CAII, binding to MCT1 and MCT4 is mediated by a histidine residue at position 64. Taken together, our results suggest that facilitation of MCT transport activity by CAII requires direct binding between histidine 64 in CAII and a cluster of glutamic acid residues in the C terminus of the transporter that has to be positioned in surroundings that allow access to CAII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ibne Noor
- From the Department of Biology, Division of Zoology/Membrane Transport and
| | - Steffen Dietz
- From the Department of Biology, Division of Zoology/Membrane Transport and
| | - Hella Heidtmann
- From the Department of Biology, Division of Zoology/Membrane Transport and the Department of Biology, Division of General Zoology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany and
| | - Christopher D Boone
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Robert McKenna
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- the Department of Biology, Division of General Zoology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany and
| | - Holger M Becker
- From the Department of Biology, Division of Zoology/Membrane Transport and
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