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Aruta MG, Lari E, De Simone D, Semplici B, Semplici C, Dale H, Chirwa E, Kadwala I, Mbewe M, Banda H, Iturriza-Gomara M, Gordon M, Nyirenda T, Piu P, Pizza M, Berlanda Scorza F, Grappi S, Canals R, Rossi O, on behalf of the Vacc-iNTS Consortium Collaborators. Characterization of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Quantification of Antibodies against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis O-Antigens in Human Sera. BIOTECH 2023; 12:54. [PMID: 37606441 PMCID: PMC10443281 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality caused by enteric pathogens worldwide in both children and adults, and vaccines are not yet available. The measurement of antigen-specific antibodies in the sera of vaccinated or convalescent individuals is crucial to understand the incidence of disease and the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. A solid and standardized assay used to determine the level of specific anti-antigens IgG is therefore of paramount importance. In this work, we presented the characterization of a customized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with continuous readouts and a standardized definition of EU/mL. We assessed various performance parameters: standard curve accuracy, dilutional linearity, intermediate precision, specificity, limits of blanks, and quantification. The simplicity of the assay, its high sensitivity and specificity coupled with its low cost and the use of basic consumables and instruments without the need of high automation makes it suitable for transfer and application to different laboratories, including resource-limiting settings where the disease is endemic. This ELISA is, therefore, fit for purpose to be used for quantification of antibodies against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis O-antigens in human samples, both for vaccine clinical trials and large sero-epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Aruta
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.A.); (D.D.S.); (M.I.-G.); (M.P.); (F.B.S.)
| | - Elisa Lari
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.L.); (B.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniele De Simone
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.A.); (D.D.S.); (M.I.-G.); (M.P.); (F.B.S.)
| | - Bianca Semplici
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.L.); (B.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudia Semplici
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.L.); (B.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Helen Dale
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre 30096, Malawi; (H.D.); (E.C.); (I.K.); (M.M.); (H.B.); (M.G.)
- Pathology Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi;
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Esmelda Chirwa
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre 30096, Malawi; (H.D.); (E.C.); (I.K.); (M.M.); (H.B.); (M.G.)
- Pathology Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi;
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Innocent Kadwala
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre 30096, Malawi; (H.D.); (E.C.); (I.K.); (M.M.); (H.B.); (M.G.)
- Pathology Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi;
| | - Maurice Mbewe
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre 30096, Malawi; (H.D.); (E.C.); (I.K.); (M.M.); (H.B.); (M.G.)
- Pathology Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi;
| | - Happy Banda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre 30096, Malawi; (H.D.); (E.C.); (I.K.); (M.M.); (H.B.); (M.G.)
- Pathology Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi;
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gomara
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.A.); (D.D.S.); (M.I.-G.); (M.P.); (F.B.S.)
| | - Melita Gordon
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre 30096, Malawi; (H.D.); (E.C.); (I.K.); (M.M.); (H.B.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Tonney Nyirenda
- Pathology Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi;
| | - Pietro Piu
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.L.); (B.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Mariagrazia Pizza
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.A.); (D.D.S.); (M.I.-G.); (M.P.); (F.B.S.)
- Imperial College South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesco Berlanda Scorza
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.A.); (D.D.S.); (M.I.-G.); (M.P.); (F.B.S.)
| | - Silvia Grappi
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.L.); (B.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Rocío Canals
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.A.); (D.D.S.); (M.I.-G.); (M.P.); (F.B.S.)
| | - Omar Rossi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.A.); (D.D.S.); (M.I.-G.); (M.P.); (F.B.S.)
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Ma Z, Yang X, Fang Y, Tong Z, Lin H, Fan H. Detection of Salmonella Infection in Chickens by an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Presence of PagC Antibodies in Sera. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 15:109-113. [PMID: 29190127 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of infection of humans and animals with Salmonella range from a persistent asymptomatic carrier state to temporal mild gastroenteritis or severe systemic infection. A rapid and accurate diagnostic test would help formulate strategies for effective prevention of their infections in the animal population. Current sequencing data predict that the outer membrane protein, PagC, is present in all common Salmonella serovars with sequence similarities of more than 98%. PagC sequences in other bacterial species are less than 65% similarity at the amino acid level to those of Salmonella PagC. We hypothesized that PagC could be immunogenic and detection of antibodies to this protein could be an accurate indicator of Salmonella infection. The pagC gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CVCC542 was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant PagC protein was immobilized in microtiter plate wells. Sera from SPF chickens infected with Salmonella or other non-Salmonella pathogens by injection were added and binding of PagC protein was detected by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled goat anti-chicken antibody. Sera from Salmonella-infected chickens showed high specificity in contrast to the sera from chickens infected with other bacteria. When 87 Salmonella antibody-positive sera from Salmonella Pullorum orally infected SPF chicken and 93 negative sera from uninfected SPF chicken were tested, 98.3% agreement was detected. The rPagC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agglutination had 80.6% agreement in detecting 252 clinical chicken sera samples. These results suggest that PagC antibody-based indirect ELISA can serve as a convenient and novel method for the diagnosis of Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China .,2 Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhen Fang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zexin Tong
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China .,2 Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China .,2 Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China
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Arya G, Holtslander R, Robertson J, Yoshida C, Harris J, Parmley J, Nichani A, Johnson R, Poppe C. Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Genoserotyping, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Prevention and Control of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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