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Hiruma K, Aoki S, Takino J, Higa T, Utami YD, Shiina A, Okamoto M, Nakamura M, Kawamura N, Ohmori Y, Sugita R, Tanoi K, Sato T, Oikawa H, Minami A, Iwasaki W, Saijo Y. A fungal sesquiterpene biosynthesis gene cluster critical for mutualist-pathogen transition in Colletotrichum tofieldiae. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5288. [PMID: 37673872 PMCID: PMC10482981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated fungi show diverse lifestyles from pathogenic to mutualistic to the host; however, the principles and mechanisms through which they shift the lifestyles require elucidation. The root fungus Colletotrichum tofieldiae (Ct) promotes Arabidopsis thaliana growth under phosphate limiting conditions. Here we describe a Ct strain, designated Ct3, that severely inhibits plant growth. Ct3 pathogenesis occurs through activation of host abscisic acid pathways via a fungal secondary metabolism gene cluster related to the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene metabolites, including botrydial. Cluster activation during root infection suppresses host nutrient uptake-related genes and changes mineral contents, suggesting a role in manipulating host nutrition state. Conversely, disruption or environmental suppression of the cluster renders Ct3 beneficial for plant growth, in a manner dependent on host phosphate starvation response regulators. Our findings indicate that a fungal metabolism cluster provides a means by which infectious fungi modulate lifestyles along the parasitic-mutualistic continuum in fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hiruma
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
- Department of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Seishiro Aoki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Junya Takino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takeshi Higa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuniar Devi Utami
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Akito Shiina
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masami Nakamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Nanami Kawamura
- Department of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Radioisotope Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toyozo Sato
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Innovation Center of Marine Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Department of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Goto Y, Maki N, Ichihashi Y, Kitazawa D, Igarashi D, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Exogenous Treatment with Glutamate Induces Immune Responses in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:474-487. [PMID: 31721650 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-19-0262-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance inducers (PRIs) are compounds that protect plants from diseases by activating immunity responses. Exogenous treatment with glutamate (Glu), an important amino acid for all living organisms, induces resistance against fungal pathogens in rice and tomato. To understand the molecular mechanisms of Glu-induced immunity, we used the Arabidopsis model system. We found that exogenous treatment with Glu induces resistance against pathogens in Arabidopsis. Consistent with this, transcriptome analyses of Arabidopsis seedlings showed that Glu significantly induces the expression of wound-, defense-, and stress-related genes. Interestingly, Glu activates the expression of genes induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns at much later time points than the flg22 peptide, which is a bacterial-derived PAMP. The Glu receptor-like (GLR) proteins GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 are involved in the early expression of Glu-inducible genes; however, the sustained expression of these genes does not require the GLR proteins. Glu-inducible gene expression is also not affected by mutations in genes that encode PAMP receptors (EFR, FLS2, and CERK1), regulators of pattern-triggered immunity (BAK1, BKK1, BIK1, and PBL1), or a salicylic acid biosynthesis enzyme (SID2). The treatment of roots with Glu activates the expression of PAMP-, salicylic acid-, and jasmonic acid-inducible genes in leaves. Moreover, the treatment of roots with Glu primes chitin-induced responses in leaves, possibly through transcriptional activation of LYSIN-MOTIF RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 5 (LYK5), which encodes a chitin receptor. Because Glu treatment does not cause discernible growth retardation, Glu can be used as an effective PRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Goto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Noriko Maki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitazawa
- Frontier Research Labs, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Daisuke Igarashi
- Frontier Research Labs, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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