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Yahya AA, Asiri Y, Alyami I. Social Media Analytics for Pharmacovigilance of Antiepileptic Drugs. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8965280. [PMID: 35027943 PMCID: PMC8752219 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8965280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder worldwide and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy is the cornerstone of its treatment. It has a laudable aim of achieving seizure freedom with minimal, if any, adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Too often, AED treatment is a long-lasting journey, in which ADRs have a crucial role in its administration. Therefore, from a pharmacovigilance perspective, detecting the ADRs of AEDs is a task of utmost importance. Typically, this task is accomplished by analyzing relevant data from spontaneous reporting systems. Despite their wide adoption for pharmacovigilance activities, the passiveness and high underreporting ratio associated with spontaneous reporting systems have encouraged the consideration of other data sources such as electronic health databases and pharmaceutical databases. Social media is the most recent alternative data source with many promising potentials to overcome the shortcomings of traditional data sources. Although in the literature some attempts have investigated the validity and utility of social media for ADR detection of different groups of drugs, none of them was dedicated to the ADRs of AEDs. Hence, this paper presents a novel investigation of the validity and utility of social media as an alternative data source for the detection of AED ADRs. To this end, a dataset of consumer reviews from two online health communities has been collected. The dataset is preprocessed; the unigram, bigram, and trigram are generated; and the ADRs of each AED are extracted with the aid of consumer health vocabulary and ADR lexicon. Three widely used measures, namely, proportional reporting ratio, reporting odds ratio, and information component, are used to measure the association between each ADR and AED. The resulting list of signaled ADRs for each AED is validated against a widely used ADR database, called Side Effect Resource, in terms of the precision of ADR detection. The validation results indicate the validity of online health community data for the detection of AED ADRs. Furthermore, the lists of signaled AED ADRs are analyzed to answer questions related to the common ADRs of AEDs and the similarities between AEDs in terms of their signaled ADRs. The consistency of the drawn answers with the existing pharmaceutical knowledge suggests the utility of the data from online health communities for AED-related knowledge discovery tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ali Yahya
- Department of Computer Science, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Asiri
- Department of Computer Science, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alyami
- Department of Computer Science, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Fokoua AR, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Chouna R, Folarin O, Olopade J, Nkeng-Efouet PA, Aderibigbe AO, Umukoro S, Nguelefack TB. The antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the Psychotria camptopus Verd. Hook. (Rubiaceae) stem bark methanol extract contributes to its antiepileptogenic activity against pentylenetetrazol kindling in male Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2015-2027. [PMID: 34460047 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A substantial number of epileptic patients are resistant to the current medication thus necessitating the search for alternative therapies for intractable forms of the disease. Previous studies demonstrated the acute anticonvulsant properties of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Psychotria camptopus (MEPC) in rats. This study investigated the effects of MEPC on pentylenetetrazole-kindled Wistar rats. Kindling was induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole (37.5 mg/kg) on every alternate day, 1 h after each daily oral pretreatment of rats (8 ≤ n ≤ 10) with MEPC (40, 80 and 120 mg/kg), vehicle or diazepam (3 mg/kg) for 43 days. The kindling development was monitored based on seizure episodes and severity. Rats' brains were collected on day 43 for the determination of oxidative stress parameters. The histomorphological features and neuronal cell viability of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus were also assessed using H&E and Cresyl violet stains. Chronic administration of pentylenetetrazole time-dependently decreased the latency to myoclonic and generalized seizures, and increased seizure scores and the number of kindled rats. MEPC and diazepam significantly increased the latencies to myoclonic jerks and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These substances also reduced seizure score and the number of rats with PTZ-kindling. MEPC improved glutathione status and decreased lipid peroxidation in the brains of kindled rats. MEPC also exhibited neuroprotection against pentylenetetrazole-induced hippocampal and PFC neuronal damages. These results suggest that P. camptopus has antiepileptogenic activity, which might be related to the augmentation of antioxidant and neuroprotective defense mechanisms, and further confirm its usefulness in the management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliance Romain Fokoua
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Fondation Alango-Reference Hospital of African medicine, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Rodolphe Chouna
- Fondation Alango-Reference Hospital of African medicine, Dschang, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Oluwabusayo Folarin
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James Olopade
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Pepin Alango Nkeng-Efouet
- Fondation Alango-Reference Hospital of African medicine, Dschang, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Adegbuyi Oladele Aderibigbe
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Nowaczyk A, Fijałkowski Ł, Kowalska M, Podkowa A, Sałat K. Studies on the Activity of Selected Highly Lipophilic Compounds toward hGAT1 Inhibition. Part II. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:337-347. [PMID: 30222312 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the latest results involving molecular modeling and pharmacodynamic studies of the selected highly lipophilic compounds acting by human GABA transporter 1 (hGAT1) inhibition. The chemical interaction of 17 GABA analogues with a model of hGAT1 is described using the molecular docking method. The biological role of GAT1 is related to the regulation of GABA level in the central nervous system and GAT1 inhibition plays an important role in the control of seizure threshold. To confirm that GAT1 can be also a molecular target for drugs used to treat other neurological and psychiatric diseases (e.g., pain and anxiety), in the in vivo part of this study, potential antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like properties of tiagabine, a selective GAT1 inhibitor, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Fijałkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Reuber M, Chappell P, Jackson C, Toerien M. Evaluating nuanced practices for initiating decision-making in neurology clinics: a mixed-methods study. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr06340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWe report follow-on research from our previous qualitative analysis of how neurologists offer patients choice in practice. This focus reflects the NHS’s emphasis on ‘patient choice’ and the lack of evidence-based guidance on how to enact it. Our primary study identified practices for offering choice, which we called ‘patient view elicitors’ (PVEs) and ‘option-listing’. However, that study was not designed to compare these with recommendations or to analyse the consequences of selecting one practice over another.ObjectivesTo (1) map out (a) the three decision-making practices – recommending, PVEs and option-listing – together with (b) their interactional consequences; (2) identify, qualitatively and quantitatively, interactional patterns across our data set; (3) statistically examine the relationship between interactional practices and self-report data; and (4) use the findings from 1–3 to compare the three practices as methods for initiating decision-making.DesignA mixed-methods secondary analysis of recorded neurology consultations and associated questionnaire responses. We coded every recommendation, PVE and option-list together with a range of variables internal (e.g. patients’ responses) and external to the consultation (e.g. self-reported patient satisfaction). The resulting matrix captured the qualitative and quantitative data for every decision.Setting and participantsThe primary study was conducted in two neurology outpatient centres. A total of 14 neurologists, 223 patients and 114 accompanying others participated.ResultsDistribution of practices – recommending was the most common approach to decision-making. Patient demographics did not appear to play a key role in patterning decisional practices. Several clinical factors did show associations with practice, including (1) that neurologists were more likely to use option-lists or PVEs when making treatment rather than investigation decisions, (2) they were more certain about a diagnosis and (3) symptoms were medically explained. Consequences of practices – option-lists and PVEs (compared with recommendations) – were strongly associated with choice by neurologists and patients. However, there was no significant difference in overall patient satisfaction relating to practices employed. Recommendations were strongly associated with a course of action being agreed. Decisions containing PVEs were more likely to end in rejection. Option-lists often ended in the decision being deferred. There was no relationship between length of consultation and the practice employed.LimitationsA main limitation is that we judged only outcomes based on the recorded consultations and the self-report data collected immediately thereafter. We do not know what happened beyond the consultation.ConclusionsPatient choice is harder to enact than policy directives acknowledge. Although there is good evidence that neurologists are seeking to enact patient choice, they are still more likely to make recommendations. This appears to be partly due to concerns that ‘choice’ might conflict with doctors’ duty of care. Future guidance needs to draw on evidence regarding choice in practice to support doctors and patients to achieve the wider goal of shared decision-making.Future researchTo advance understanding of how interactional practices might have effects beyond the clinic, a priority is to investigate associations between decision-making practices and external outcomes (such as adherence).FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Chappell
- Department of Sociology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Clare Jackson
- Department of Sociology, University of York, York, UK
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Oktay S, Bayrak G, Alev B, Ipekci H, Ustundag UV, Turkyilmaz IB, Pisiriciler R, Emekli-Alturfan E, Tunali-Akbay T, Yanardag R, Yarat A. The effect of vitamin U on the lung tissue of pentyleneterazole-induced seizures in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:177-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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