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Xuan TF, Liu J, Wang ZQ, Chen WM, Lin J. Fluorescent Detection of the Ubiquitous Bacterial Messenger 3',5' Cyclic Diguanylic Acid by Using a Small Aromatic Molecule. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3163. [PMID: 31993044 PMCID: PMC6970945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
3′,5′ Cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of bacterial physiological processes such as biofilm formation and virulence production, and is regarded as a potential target for the development of anti-infective drugs. A method for the facile detection of the bacterial level of cellular c-di-GMP is required to explore the details of c-di-GMP signaling and design drugs on the basis of this pathway. Current methods of c-di-GMP detection have limited sensitivity or difficultly in probe preparation. Herein a new fluorescent probe is reported for the detection of c-di-GMP at concentrations as low as 500 nM. The probe was developed on the basis of the G-quadruplex formation of c-di-GMP induced by aromatic molecules. When used on crude bacterial cell lysates, it can effectively distinguish between the low c-di-GMP levels of bacteria in plankton and the high c-di-GMP levels in biofilm. The method described here is simple, inexpensive, sensitive, and suitable for practical applications involving the rapid detection of cellular c-di-GMP levels in vitro after simple bacterial lysis and filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Xuan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wright TA, Jiang L, Park JJ, Anderson WA, Chen G, Hallberg ZF, Nan B, Hammond MC. Second messengers and divergent HD-GYP phosphodiesterases regulate 3',3'-cGAMP signaling. Mol Microbiol 2019; 113:222-236. [PMID: 31665539 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is the third cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) to be discovered in bacteria. No activators of cGAMP signaling have yet been identified, and the signaling pathways for cGAMP have been inferred to display a narrow distribution based upon the characterized synthases, DncV and Hypr GGDEFs. Here, we report that the ubiquitous second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an activator of the Hypr GGDEF enzyme GacB from Myxococcus xanthus. Furthermore, we show that GacB is inhibited directly by cyclic di-GMP, which provides evidence for cross-regulation between different CDN pathways. Finally, we reveal that the HD-GYP enzyme PmxA is a cGAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (GAP) that promotes resistance to osmotic stress in M. xanthus. A signature amino acid change in PmxA was found to reprogram substrate specificity and was applied to predict the presence of non-canonical HD-GYP phosphodiesterases in many bacterial species, including phyla previously not known to utilize cGAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Lucy Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James J Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wyatt A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zachary F Hallberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Beiyan Nan
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ming C Hammond
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Yin L, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Gao Y, Gu J. Recent advances in single-cell analysis by mass spectrometry. Analyst 2019; 144:824-845. [PMID: 30334031 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells are the most basic structural units that play vital roles in the functioning of living organisms. Analysis of the chemical composition and content of a single cell plays a vital role in ensuring precise investigations of cellular metabolism, and is a crucial aspect of lipidomic and proteomic studies. In addition, structural knowledge provides a better understanding of cell behavior as well as the cellular and subcellular mechanisms. However, single-cell analysis can be very challenging due to the very small size of each cell as well as the large variety and extremely low concentrations of substances found in individual cells. On account of its high sensitivity and selectivity, mass spectrometry holds great promise as an effective technique for single-cell analysis. Numerous mass spectrometric techniques have been developed to elucidate the molecular profiles at the cellular level, including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), laser-based mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this review, the recent advances in single-cell analysis by mass spectrometry are summarized. The strategies of different ionization modes to achieve single-cell analysis are classified and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Research Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Dongminzhu Street, Changchun 130061, PR China.
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