Highly Efficient Preparation of Cyclic Dinucleotides
via Engineering of Dinucleotide Cyclases in
Escherichia coli.
Front Microbiol 2019;
10:2111. [PMID:
31572324 PMCID:
PMC6753226 DOI:
10.3389/fmicb.2019.02111]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are widely used secondary signaling molecules in bacterial and mammalian cells. The family of CDNs includes c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and two distinct versions of hybrid cGAMPs. Studies related to these CDNs require large doses that are relatively expensive to generate by current methods. Here we report what to our knowledge is the first feasible microbial-based method to prepare these CDNs including c-di-GMP, 3′3′-cGAMP and 2′3′-cGAMP. The method mainly includes two parts: producing high yield of CDNs by engineering the overexpression of the proper dinucleotide cyclases (DNCs) and other related proteins in Escherichia coli, and purifying the bacteria-produced CDNs by a unified and simple process involving a STING affinity column, macroporous adsorption resin and C18 reverse-phase liquid chromatography. After purification, we obtained the diammonium salts of c-di-GMP, 3′3′-cGAMP and 2′3′-cGAMP with weight purity of >99, >96, >99% and in yields of >68, >26, and >82 milligrams per liter of culture, respectively. This technological platform enables the production of CDNs from cheaper material, provides a sustainable source of CDNs for scientific investigation, and can easily be further developed to prepare CDNs on a large scale for industry.
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