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Sun LJ, Zhao XY, Ren J, Yan SP, Zhao XY, Song XS. Overexpression of Cerasus humilis ChAOX2 improves the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt stress. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34123695 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) has a well-established involvement in plant growth and stress tolerance in many studies. In this study, we isolated and characterized the AOX2 from Cerasus humilis. The ChAOX2 Open Reading Frame (ORF) contains 1029 nucleotides and encodes 342 amino acid residues. The inferred amino acid sequence of ChAOX2 shared the highest sequence similarity with a homolog from Prunus yedoensis. The ChAOX2 transcripts were relatively abundant in the old leaves and significantly up-regulated by salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ChAOX2 was located in the mitochondria. We transformed ChAOX2 into wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and found that compared with wild-type and aox mutant lines, heterotopic expression of ChAOX2 increased proline content, and peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, while decreasing relative conductivity and the reactive oxygen species level. Further, the ratio of alternate respiration to the total respiration in plants that overexpressed ChAOX2 was significantly higher than that in wild-type and mutant plants under salt stress. These results indicate that ChAOX2 plays a key role in salt tolerance.
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Mohanapriya G, Bharadwaj R, Noceda C, Costa JH, Kumar SR, Sathishkumar R, Thiers KLL, Santos Macedo E, Silva S, Annicchiarico P, Groot SP, Kodde J, Kumari A, Gupta KJ, Arnholdt-Schmitt B. Alternative Oxidase (AOX) Senses Stress Levels to Coordinate Auxin-Induced Reprogramming From Seed Germination to Somatic Embryogenesis-A Role Relevant for Seed Vigor Prediction and Plant Robustness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1134. [PMID: 31611888 PMCID: PMC6776121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the most striking and prominent example of plant plasticity upon severe stress. Inducing immature carrot seeds perform SE as substitute to germination by auxin treatment can be seen as switch between stress levels associated to morphophysiological plasticity. This experimental system is highly powerful to explore stress response factors that mediate the metabolic switch between cell and tissue identities. Developmental plasticity per se is an emerging trait for in vitro systems and crop improvement. It is supposed to underlie multi-stress tolerance. High plasticity can protect plants throughout life cycles against variable abiotic and biotic conditions. We provide proof of concepts for the existing hypothesis that alternative oxidase (AOX) can be relevant for developmental plasticity and be associated to yield stability. Our perspective on AOX as relevant coordinator of cell reprogramming is supported by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses and gross metabolism data from calorespirometry complemented by SHAM-inhibitor studies on primed, elevated partial pressure of oxygen (EPPO)-stressed, and endophyte-treated seeds. In silico studies on public experimental data from diverse species strengthen generality of our insights. Finally, we highlight ready-to-use concepts for plant selection and optimizing in vivo and in vitro propagation that do not require further details on molecular physiology and metabolism. This is demonstrated by applying our research & technology concepts to pea genotypes with differential yield performance in multilocation fields and chickpea types known for differential robustness in the field. By using these concepts and tools appropriately, also other marker candidates than AOX and complex genomics data can be efficiently validated for prebreeding and seed vigor prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Mohanapriya
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Revuru Bharadwaj
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carlos Noceda
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants (BPOCEMP)/Industrial Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Sciences of the Vidaydela Agriculture, University of the Armed Forces-ESPE, Milagro, Ecuador
- Faculty of Engineering, State University of Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro, Ecuador
| | - José Hélio Costa
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Sarma Rajeev Kumar
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ramalingam Sathishkumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt, ; Ramalingam Sathishkumar,
| | - Karine Leitão Lima Thiers
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Elisete Santos Macedo
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Sofia Silva
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paolo Annicchiarico
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi, Italy
| | - Steven P.C. Groot
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Kodde
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCROP), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- CERNAS-Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Department of Environment, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt, ; Ramalingam Sathishkumar,
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