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Adam MI, Lin L, Makin AM, Zhang XF, Zhou LX, Liao XY, Zhao L, Wang F, Luo DS. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulate the interaction between astrocytes and Schwann cells at the trigeminal root entry zone. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1364-1370. [PMID: 36453424 PMCID: PMC9838158 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The trigeminal root entry zone is the zone at which the myelination switches from peripheral Schwann cells to central oligodendrocytes. Its special anatomical and physiological structure renders it susceptible to nerve injury. The etiology of most primary trigeminal neuralgia is closely related to microvascular compression of the trigeminal root entry zone. This study aimed to develop an efficient in vitro model mimicking the glial environment of trigeminal root entry zone as a tool to investigate the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the structural and functional integrity of trigeminal root entry zone and modulation of cellular interactions. Primary astrocytes and Schwann cells isolated from trigeminal root entry zone of postnatal rats were inoculated into a two-well silicon culture insert to mimic the trigeminal root entry zone microenvironment and treated with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In monoculture, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promoted the migration of Schwann cells, but it did not have effects on the migration of astrocytes. In the co-culture system, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promoted the bidirectional migration of astrocytes and Schwann cells. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor markedly promoted the activation and migration of astrocytes. However, in the co-culture system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhibited the migration of astrocytes and Schwann cells to a certain degree. These findings suggest that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are involved in the regulation of the astrocyte-Schwann cell interaction in the co-culture system derived from the trigeminal root entry zone. This system can be used as a cell model to study the mechanism of glial dysregulation associated with trigeminal nerve injury and possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeha Ishag Adam
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Public Technology Service Center of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Amir Mahmoud Makin
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lu-Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Correspondence to: Dao-Shu Luo, ; Feng Wang, .
| | - Dao-Shu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Correspondence to: Dao-Shu Luo, ; Feng Wang, .
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Khan A, Diaz A, Brooks AE, Burks SS, Athauda G, Wood P, Lee YS, Silvera R, Donaldson M, Pressman Y, Anderson KD, Bunge MB, Pearse DD, Dietrich WD, Guest JD, Levi AD. Scalable culture techniques to generate large numbers of purified human Schwann cells for clinical trials in human spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; 36:135-144. [PMID: 34479193 DOI: 10.3171/2020.11.spine201433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schwann cells (SCs) have been shown to play an essential role in axon regeneration in both peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) and spinal cord injuries (SCIs). The transplantation of SCs as an adjunctive therapy is currently under investigation in human clinical trials due to their regenerative capacity. Therefore, a reliable method for procuring large quantities of SCs from peripheral nerves is necessary. This paper presents a well-developed, validated, and optimized manufacturing protocol for clinical-grade SCs that are compliant with Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs). METHODS The authors evaluated the SC culture manufacturing data from 18 clinical trial participants who were recruited for autologous SC transplantation due to subacute SCI (n = 7), chronic SCI (n = 8), or PNIs (n = 3). To initiate autologous SC cultures, a mean nerve length of 11.8 ± 3.7 cm was harvested either from the sural nerve alone (n = 17) or with the sciatic nerve (n = 1). The nerves were digested with enzymes and SCs were isolated and further expanded in multiple passages to meet the dose requirements for transplantation. RESULTS An average yield of 87.2 ± 89.2 million cells at P2 and 150.9 ± 129.9 million cells at P3 with high viability and purity was produced. Cell counts and rates of expansion increased with each subsequent passage from P0 to P3, with the largest rate of expansion between P2 and P3. Larger harvest nerve lengths correlated significantly with greater yields at P0 and P1 (p < 0.05). In addition, a viability and purity above 90% was sustained throughout all passages in nearly all cell products. CONCLUSIONS This study presents reliable CGMP-compliant manufacturing methods for autologous SC products that are suitable for regenerative treatment of patients with SCI, PNI, or other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khan
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - Anthony Diaz
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Adriana E Brooks
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - S Shelby Burks
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Gagani Athauda
- 7Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Patrick Wood
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Yee-Shuan Lee
- 3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - Risset Silvera
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | - Maxwell Donaldson
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of
| | | | - Kim D Anderson
- 8Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth Medical Center, Institute for Functional Restoration, Case Western Reserve University School, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary Bartlett Bunge
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery.,4Cell Biology and
| | - Damien D Pearse
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery.,3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, and Departments of.,6Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery.,4Cell Biology and.,5Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami
| | - James D Guest
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Allan D Levi
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis.,2Department of Neurological Surgery
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Chen M, Shah MP, Shelper TB, Nazareth L, Barker M, Tello Velasquez J, Ekberg JAK, Vial ML, St John JA. Naked Liquid Marbles: A Robust Three-Dimensional Low-Volume Cell-Culturing System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9814-9823. [PMID: 30724549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures allow cells to behave and interact with each other in a manner that mimics the in vivo environment. In recent years, many 3D cell culture methods have been developed with the goal of producing the most in vivo-like structures possible. Whilst strongly preferable to conventional cell culture, these approaches are often poorly reproducible, time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive and require specialized equipment. Here, we describe a novel 3D culture platform, which we have termed the naked liquid marble (NLM). Cells are cultured in a liquid drop (the NLM) in superhydrophobic-coated plates, which causes the cells to naturally form 3D structures. Inside the NLMs, cells are free to interact with each other, forming multiple 3D spheroids that are uniform in size and shape in less than 24 h. We showed that this system is highly reproducible, suitable for cell coculture, compound screening, and also compatible with laboratory automation systems. The low cost of production, small volume of each NLM, and production via automated liquid handling make this 3D cell-culturing system particularly suitable for high-throughput screening assays such as drug testing as well as numerous other cell-based research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Megha P Shah
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Todd B Shelper
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | | | | | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Vial
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
| | - James A St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , 4222 Queensland , Australia
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