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Kravtsov A, Kozin S, Basov A, Butina E, Baryshev M, Malyshko V, Moiseev A, Elkina A, Dzhimak S. Reduction of Deuterium Level Supports Resistance of Neurons to Glucose Deprivation and Hypoxia: Study in Cultures of Neurons and on Animals. Molecules 2021; 27:243. [PMID: 35011474 PMCID: PMC8746303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a reduced deuterium (D) content in the incubation medium on the survival of cultured neurons in vitro and under glucose deprivation was studied. In addition, we studied the effect of a decrease in the deuterium content in the rat brain on oxidative processes in the nervous tissue, its antioxidant protection, and training of rats in the T-shaped maze test under hypoxic conditions. For experiments with cultures of neurons, 7-8-day cultures of cerebellar neurons were used. Determination of the rate of neuronal death in cultures was carried out using propidium iodide. Acute hypoxia with hypercapnia was simulated in rats by placing them in sealed vessels with a capacity of 1 L. The effect on oxidative processes in brain tissues was assessed by changes in the level of free radical oxidation and malondialdehyde. The effect on the antioxidant system of the brain was assessed by the activity of catalase. The study in the T-maze was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodology, the skill of alternating right-sided and left-sided loops on positive reinforcement was developed. This work has shown that a decrease in the deuterium content in the incubation medium to a level of -357‱ has a neuroprotective effect, increasing the survival rate of cultured neurons under glucose deprivation. When exposed to hypoxia, a preliminary decrease in the deuterium content in the rat brain to -261‱ prevents the development of oxidative stress in their nervous tissue and preserves the learning ability of animals in the T-shaped maze test at the level of the control group. A similar protective effect during the modification of the 2H/1H internal environment of the body by the consumption of DDW can potentially be used for the prevention of pathological conditions associated with the development of oxidative stress with damage to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Kravtsov
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Stanislav Kozin
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Alexandr Basov
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Elena Butina
- Department of Technology of Fats, Cosmetics, Commodity Science, Processes and Devices, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Technology of Fats, Cosmetics, Commodity Science, Processes and Devices, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Vadim Malyshko
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Arkady Moiseev
- Department of Organization and Support of Scientific Activities, Kuban State Agrarian University, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Anna Elkina
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Physics, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Experimental Clinic—Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin, 109316 Moscow, Russia
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Zhu K, Li G, Wei R, Mao Y, Zhao Y, He A, Bai Z, Deng Y. Systematic analysis of the effects of different nitrogen source and ICDH knockout on glycolate synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:30. [PMID: 30988698 PMCID: PMC6449901 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolate is an important α-hydroxy carboxylic acid widely used in industrial and consumer applications. The production of glycolate from glucose in Escherichia coli is generally carried out by glycolysis and glyoxylate shunt pathways, followed by reduction to glycolate. Glycolate accumulation was significantly affected by nitrogen sources and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), which influenced carbon flux distribution between the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the glyoxylate shunt, however, the mechanism was unclear. RESULTS Herein, we used RNA-Seq to explore the effects of nitrogen sources and ICDH knockout on glycolate production. The Mgly534 strain and the Mgly624 strain (with the ICDH deletion in Mgly534), displaying different phenotypes on organic nitrogen sources, were also adopted for the exploration. Though the growth of Mgly534 was improved on organic nitrogen sources, glycolate production decreased and acetate accumulated, while Mgly624 achieved a balance between cell growth and glycolate production, reaching 0.81 g glycolate/OD (2.6-fold higher than Mgly534). To further study Mgly624, the significant changed genes related to N-regulation, oxidative stress response and iron transport were analyzed. Glutamate and serine were found to increase the biomass and productivity respectively. Meanwhile, overexpressing the arginine transport gene argT accelerated the cell growth rate and increased the biomass. Further, the presence of Fe2+ also speeded up the cells growth and compensated for the lack of reducing equivalents. CONCLUSION Our studies identified that ICDH knockout strain was more suitable for glycolate production. RNA-Seq provided a better understanding of the ICDH knockout on cellular physiology and glycolate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Guohui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Ren Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300 China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300 China
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Bonkowsky JL, Son JH. Hypoxia and connectivity in the developing vertebrate nervous system. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/12/dmm037127. [PMID: 30541748 PMCID: PMC6307895 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing nervous system depends upon precise regulation of oxygen levels. Hypoxia, the condition of low oxygen concentration, can interrupt developmental sequences and cause a range of molecular, cellular and neuronal changes and injuries. The roles and effects of hypoxia on the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly characterized, even though hypoxia is simultaneously a normal component of development, a potentially abnormal environmental stressor in some settings, and a clinically important complication, for example of prematurity. Work over the past decade has revealed that hypoxia causes specific disruptions in the development of CNS connectivity, altering axon pathfinding and synapse development. The goals of this article are to review hypoxia's effects on the development of CNS connectivity, including its genetic and molecular mediators, and the changes it causes in CNS circuitry and function due to regulated as well as unintended mechanisms. The transcription factor HIF1α is the central mediator of the CNS response to hypoxia (as it is elsewhere in the body), but hypoxia also causes a dysregulation of gene expression. Animals appear to have evolved genetic and molecular responses to hypoxia that result in functional behavioral alterations to adapt to the changes in oxygen concentration during CNS development. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying both the normal and abnormal effects of hypoxia on CNS connectivity may reveal novel insights into common neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, this Review explores the current gaps in knowledge, and suggests important areas for future studies. Summary: The nervous system's exposure to hypoxia has developmental and clinical relevance. In this Review, the authors discuss the effects of hypoxia on the development of the CNS, and its long-term behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jong-Hyun Son
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
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