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Jiao M, Yin Y, Tian Y, Lei J, Lin L, Wu J, Lu Y, Zheng H, Yan F, Wang J, Peng J. Adoption of the 2A Ribosomal Skip Principle to Track Assembled Virions of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:928. [PMID: 38611458 PMCID: PMC11013369 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The coat protein (CP) is an important structural protein that plays many functional roles during the viral cycle. In this study, the CP of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) was genetically fused to GFP using the foot-and-mouth disease virus peptide 2A linker peptide and the construct (PMMoV-GFP2A) was shown to be infectious. The systemic spread of the virus was monitored by its fluorescence in infected plants. Electron microscopy and immunocolloidal gold labelling confirmed that PMMoV-GFP2A forms rod-shaped particles on which GFP is displayed. Studies of tissue ultrastructure and virion self-assembly confirmed that PMMoV-GFP2A could be used to monitor the real-time dynamic changes of CP location during virus infection. Aggregations of GFP-tagged virions appeared as fluorescent plaques in confocal laser microscopy. Altogether, PMMoV-GFP2A is a useful tool for studying the spatial and temporal changes of PMMoV CP during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yueyan Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;
| | - Yanzhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianing Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.J.); (Y.T.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Mohsen MO, Augusto G, Bachmann MF. The 3Ds in virus-like particle based-vaccines: "Design, Delivery and Dynamics". Immunol Rev 2020; 296:155-168. [PMID: 32472710 PMCID: PMC7496916 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines need to be rationally designed in order be delivered to the immune system for maximizing induction of dynamic immune responses. Virus‐like particles (VLPs) are ideal platforms for such 3D vaccines, as they allow the display of complex and native antigens in a highly repetitive form on their surface and can easily reach lymphoid organs in intact form for optimal activation of B and T cells. Adjusting size and zeta potential may allow investigators to further fine‐tune delivery to lymphoid organs. An additional way to alter vaccine transfer to lymph nodes and spleen may be the formulation with micron‐sized adjuvants that creates a local depot and results in a slow release of antigen and adjuvant. Ideally, the adjuvant in addition stimulates the innate immune system. The dynamics of the immune response may be further enhanced by inclusion of Toll‐like receptor ligands, which many VLPs naturally package. Hence, considering the 3Ds in vaccine development may allow for enhancement of their attributes to tackle complex diseases, not usually amenable to conventional vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- Interim Translational Research Institute "iTRI", National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Doha, Qatar.,Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Augusto
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Foerster J, Molęda A. Virus-Like Particle-Mediated Vaccination against Interleukin-13 May Harbour General Anti-Allergic Potential beyond Atopic Dermatitis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040438. [PMID: 32294982 PMCID: PMC7232523 DOI: 10.3390/v12040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP)-based anti-infective prophylactic vaccination has been established in clinical use. Although validated in proof-of-concept clinical trials in humans, no VLP-based therapeutic vaccination against self-proteins to modulate chronic disease has yet been licensed. The present review summarises recent scientific advances, identifying interleukin-13 as an excellent candidate to validate the concept of anti-cytokine vaccination. Based on numerous clinical studies, long-term elimination of IL-13 is not expected to trigger target-related serious adverse effects and is likely to be safer than combined targeting of IL-4/IL-13. Furthermore, recently published results from large-scale trials confirm that elimination of IL-13 is highly effective in atopic dermatitis, an exceedingly common condition, as well as eosinophilic esophagitis. The distinctly different mode of action of a polyclonal vaccine response is discussed in detail, suggesting that anti-IL-13 vaccination has the potential of outperforming monoclonal antibody-based approaches. Finally, recent data have identified a subset of follicular T helper cells dependent on IL-13 which selectively trigger massive IgE accumulation in response to anaphylactoid allergens. Thus, prophylactic IL-13 vaccination may have broad application in a number of allergic conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Allergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Humans
- Interleukin-13/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-13/immunology
- Ligands
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/therapeutic use
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