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Sonju JJ, Dahal A, Singh SS, Jois SD. Peptide-functionalized liposomes as therapeutic and diagnostic tools for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2021; 329:624-644. [PMID: 33010333 PMCID: PMC8082750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinically efficacious medication in anticancer therapy has been successfully designed with liposome-based nanomedicine. The liposomal formulation in cancer drug delivery can be facilitated with a functionalized peptide that mediates the specific drug delivery opportunities with increased drug penetrability, specific accumulation in the targeted site, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to focus on recent advances in peptide-functionalized liposomal formulation techniques in cancer diagnosis and treatment regarding recently published literature. It also will highlight different aspects of novel liposomal formulation techniques that incorporate surface functionalization with peptides for better anticancer effect and current challenges in peptide-functionalized liposomal drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafrin Jobayer Sonju
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Achyut Dahal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Sitanshu S Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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2
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Serpooshan V, Sivanesan S, Huang X, Mahmoudi M, Malkovskiy AV, Zhao M, Inayathullah M, Wagh D, Zhang XJ, Metzler S, Bernstein D, Wu JC, Ruiz-Lozano P, Rajadas J. [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 delivery via nano-liposomal encapsulation attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Biomaterials 2015; 37:289-98. [PMID: 25443792 PMCID: PMC5555682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated sustained delivery of therapeutics is one of the highly effective and increasingly utilized applications of nanomedicine. Here, we report the development and application of a drug delivery system consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated liposomal nanoparticles as an efficient in vivo delivery approach for [Pyr1]-apelin-13 polypeptide. Apelin is an adipokine that regulates a variety of biological functions including cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophy-induced heart failure. The clinical use of apelin has been greatly impaired by its remarkably short half-life in circulation. Here, we investigate whether [Pyr1]-apelin-13 encapsulation in liposome nanocarriers, conjugated with PEG polymer on their surface, can prolong apelin stability in the blood stream and potentiate apelin beneficial effects in cardiac function. Atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering were used to assess the structure and size distribution of drug-laden nanoparticles. [Pyr1]-apelin-13 encapsulation in PEGylated liposomal nanocarriers resulted in sustained and extended drug release both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 nanocarriers in a mouse model of pressure-overload induced heart failure demonstrated a sustainable long-term effect of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 in preventing cardiac dysfunction. We concluded that this engineered nanocarrier system can serve as a delivery platform for treating heart injuries through sustained bioavailability of cardioprotective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sivanesan
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoran Huang
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammed Inayathullah
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dhananjay Wagh
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuexiang J Zhang
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Metzler
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Lozano
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Sardan M, Kilinc M, Genc R, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Cell penetrating peptide amphiphile integrated liposomal systems for enhanced delivery of anticancer drugs to tumor cells. Faraday Discuss 2014; 166:269-83. [PMID: 24611282 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been extensively used as effective nanocarriers, providing better solubility, higher stability and slower release of drugs compared to free drug administration. They are also preferred due to their nontoxic nature as well as their biodegradability and cell membrane mimicking abilities. In this study, we examined noncovalent integration of a cell penetrating arginine-rich peptide amphiphile into a liposomal formulation of negatively charged 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DOPG) phospholipids in the presence of cholesterol due to its amphipathic character. We studied changes in the physical characteristics (size, surface potential and membrane polarity) of the liposomal membrane, as well as in the encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents due to peptide amphiphile incorporation. The activities of peptide integrated liposomal systems as drug delivery agents were investigated by using anticancer drugs, doxorubicin-HCI and paclitaxel. Enhancement in liposomal uptake due to arginine-rich peptide integration, and enhanced efficacy of the drugs were observed with peptide functionalized liposomes compared to free drugs.
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4
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Nag OK, Awasthi V. Surface engineering of liposomes for stealth behavior. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:542-69. [PMID: 24300562 PMCID: PMC3873679 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are used as a delivery vehicle for drug molecules and imaging agents. The major impetus in their biomedical applications comes from the ability to prolong their circulation half-life after administration. Conventional liposomes are easily recognized by the mononuclear phagocyte system and are rapidly cleared from the blood stream. Modification of the liposomal surface with hydrophilic polymers delays the elimination process by endowing them with stealth properties. In recent times, the development of various materials for surface engineering of liposomes and other nanomaterials has made remarkable progress. Poly(ethylene glycol)-linked phospholipids (PEG-PLs) are the best representatives of such materials. Although PEG-PLs have served the formulation scientists amazingly well, closer scrutiny has uncovered a few shortcomings, especially pertaining to immunogenicity and pharmaceutical characteristics (drug loading, targeting, etc.) of PEG. On the other hand, researchers have also begun questioning the biological behavior of the phospholipid portion in PEG-PLs. Consequently, stealth lipopolymers consisting of non-phospholipids and PEG-alternatives are being developed. These novel lipopolymers offer the potential advantages of structural versatility, reduced complement activation, greater stability, flexible handling and storage procedures and low cost. In this article, we review the materials available as alternatives to PEG and PEG-lipopolymers for effective surface modification of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhil K Nag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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Application of Collagen-Model Triple-Helical Peptide-Amphiphiles for CD44-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2012; 2012:592602. [PMID: 23213537 PMCID: PMC3505660 DOI: 10.1155/2012/592602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment by chemotherapy is typically accompanied by deleterious side effects, attributed to the toxic action of chemotherapeutics on proliferating cells from nontumor tissues. The cell surface proteoglycan CD44 has been recognized as a cancer stem cell marker. The present study has examined CD44 targeting as a way to selectively deliver therapeutic agents encapsulated inside colloidal delivery systems. CD44/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binds to a triple-helical sequence derived from type IV collagen, α1(IV)1263–1277. We have assembled a peptide-amphiphile (PA) in which α1(IV)1263–1277 was sandwiched between 4 repeats of Gly-Pro-4-hydroxyproline and conjugated to palmitic acid. The PA was incorporated into liposomes composed of DSPG, DSPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG-2000 (1 : 4 : 5 : 0.5). Doxorubicin-(DOX-)loaded liposomes with and without 10% α1(IV)1263–1277 PA were found to exhibit similar stability profiles. Incubation of DOX-loaded targeted liposomes with metastatic melanoma M14#5 and M15#11 cells and BJ fibroblasts resulted in IC50 values of 9.8, 9.3, and >100 μM, respectively. Nontargeted liposomes were considerably less efficacious for M14#5 cells. In the CD44+ B16F10 mouse melanoma model, CD44-targeted liposomes reduced the tumor size to 60% of that of the untreated control, whereas nontargeted liposomes were ineffective. These results suggest that PA targeted liposomes may represent a new class of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems.
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Kalarical Janardhanan S, Narayan S, Abbineni G, Hayhurst A, Mao C. Architectonics of phage-liposome nanowebs as optimized photosensitizer vehicles for photodynamic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2524-35. [PMID: 20807781 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous M13 phage can be engineered to display cancer cell-targeting or tumor-homing peptides through phage display. It would be highly desirable if the tumor-targeting phage can also carry anticancer drugs to deliver them to the cancer cells. We studied the evolution of structures of the complexes between anionic filamentous M13 phage and cationic serum-stable liposomes that encapsulate the monomeric photosensitizer zinc naphthalocyanine. At specific phage-liposome ratios, multiple phage nanofibers and liposomes are interwoven into a "nanoweb." The chemical and biological properties of the phage-liposome nanoweb were evaluated for possible application in drug delivery. This study highlights the ability of phage-liposome nanowebs to serve as efficient carriers in the transport of photosensitizers to cancer cells.
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7
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The benefits and challenges associated with the use of drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:762-70. [PMID: 20417189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of drug delivery systems as nanocarriers for chemotherapeutic agents can improve the pharmacological properties of drugs by altering drug pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Among the many drug delivery systems available, both micelles and liposomes have gained the most attention in recent years due to their clinical success. There are several formulations of these nanocarrier systems in various stages of clinical trials, as well as currently clinically approved liposomal-based drugs. In this review, we discuss these drug carrier systems, as well as current efforts that are being made in order to further improve their delivery efficacy through the incorporation of targeting ligands. In addition, this review discusses aspects of drug resistance attributed to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix that occurs during tumor development and progression, as well as to the acidic, hypoxic, and glucose-deprived tumor microenvironment. Finally, we address future prospective approaches to overcoming drug resistance by further modifications made to these drug delivery systems, as well as the possibility of coencapsulation/coadministration of various drugs aimed to surmount some of these microenvironmental-influenced obstacles for efficacious drug delivery in chemotherapy.
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8
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Thomas SM, Grandis JR. The current state of head and neck cancer gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:1565-75. [PMID: 19747066 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck cancer continues to increase worldwide, with tobacco exposure and human papillomavirus type 16 infections being the major etiological factors. Current therapeutic options are ineffective in approximately half of the individuals afflicted with this malignancy. Developments in the identification of molecules that sustain head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) growth and survival have made molecular targeting by gene therapy approaches a feasible therapeutic strategy. Although gene therapy was originally designed to correct single gene defects, it has now evolved to encompass all forms of therapeutic interventions involving engineered cells and nucleic acids that modify the overall pattern of gene expression within target tissues. Several preclinical studies and clinical trials have tested the efficacy of targeting specific molecules in patients with HNSCC, using genetic therapy approaches. This review discusses promising preclinical and clinical approaches and new directions for HNSCC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Banerjee J, Hanson AJ, Muhonen WW, Shabb JB, Mallik S. Microwave-assisted synthesis of triple-helical, collagen-mimetic lipopeptides. Nat Protoc 2009; 5:39-50. [PMID: 20057380 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-mimetic peptides and lipopeptides are widely used as substrates for matrix degrading enzymes, as new biomaterials for tissue engineering, as drug delivery systems and so on. However, the preparation and subsequent purification of these peptides and their fatty-acid conjugates are really challenging. Herein, we report a rapid microwave-assisted, solid-phase synthetic protocol to prepare the fatty-acid conjugated, triple-helical peptides containing the cleavage site for the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). We employed a PEG-based resin as the solid support and the amino acids were protected with Fmoc- and tert-butyl groups. The amino acids were coupled at 50 degrees C (25 W of microwave power) for 5 min. The deprotection reactions were carried out at 75 degrees C (35 W of microwave power) for 3 min. Using this protocol, a peptide containing 23 amino acids was synthesized and then conjugated to stearic acid in 14 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Elegbede AI, Banerjee J, Hanson AJ, Tobwala S, Ganguli B, Wang R, Lu X, Srivastava DK, Mallik S. Mechanistic studies of the triggered release of liposomal contents by matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10633-42. [PMID: 18642903 PMCID: PMC2644422 DOI: 10.1021/ja801548g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a class of extracellular-matrix-degrading enzymes overexpressed in many cancers and contribute to the metastatic ability of the cancer cells. We have recently demonstrated that liposomal contents can be released when triggered by the enzyme MMP-9. Herein, we report the results of our mechanistic studies of the MMP-9-triggered release of liposomal contents. We synthesized peptides containing the cleavage site for MMP-9 and conjugated them with fatty acids to prepare the corresponding lipopeptides. By employing circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the lipopeptides, when incorporated into liposomes, are demixed in the lipid bilayers and generate triple-helical structures. MMP-9 cleaves the triple-helical peptides, leading to the release of the liposomal contents. Other MMPs, which cannot hydrolyze triple-helical peptides, fail to release the contents from the liposomes. We also observed that the rate and extent of release of the liposomal contents depend on the mismatch between the acyl chains of the synthesized lipopeptide and phospholipid components of the liposomes. CD spectroscopic studies imply that the observed differences in the release reflect the ability of the liposomal membrane to anneal the defects following the enzymatic cleavage of the liposome-incorporated lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle I. Elegbede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Jayati Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Andrea J. Hanson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Shakila Tobwala
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Bratati Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Rongying Wang
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - D. K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
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Rezler EM, Khan DR, Lauer-Fields J, Cudic M, Baronas-Lowell D, Fields GB. Targeted drug delivery utilizing protein-like molecular architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4961-72. [PMID: 17397150 PMCID: PMC2519954 DOI: 10.1021/ja066929m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (nanoDDSs) have seen recent popularity due to their favorable physical, chemical, and biological properties, and great efforts have been made to target nanoDDSs to specific cellular receptors. CD44/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is among the receptors overexpressed in metastatic melanoma, and the sequence to which it binds within the type IV collagen triple-helix has been identified. A triple-helical "peptide-amphiphile" (alpha1(IV)1263-1277 PA), which binds CD44/CSPG, has been constructed and incorporated into liposomes of differing lipid compositions. Liposomes containing distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) as the major bilayer component, in combination with distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG) and cholesterol, were more stable than analogous liposomes containing dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) instead of DSPC. When dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC):DSPG:cholesterol liposomes were prepared, monotectic behavior was observed. The presence of the alpha1(IV)1263-1277 PA conferred greater stability to the DPPC liposomal systems and did not affect the stability of the DSPC liposomes. A positive correlation was observed for cellular fluorophore delivery by the alpha1(IV)1263-1277 PA liposomes and CD44/CSPG receptor content in metastatic melanoma and fibroblast cell lines. Conversely, nontargeted liposomes delivered minimal fluorophore to these cells regardless of the CD44/CSPG receptor content. When metastatic melanoma cells and fibroblasts were treated with exogeneous alpha1(IV)1263-1277, prior to incubation with alpha1(IV)1263-1277 PA liposomes, to potentially disrupt receptor/liposome interactions, a dose-dependent decrease in the amount of fluorophore delivered was observed. Overall, our results suggest that PA-targeted liposomes can be constructed and rationally fine-tuned for drug delivery applications based on lipid composition. The selectivity of alpha1(IV)1263-1277 PA liposomes for CD44/CSPG-containing cells represents a targeted-nanoDDS with potential for further development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evonne M Rezler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
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