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Lin N, Mo X, Yang Y, Zhang H. Purification and sequence characterization of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate from fishes. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:241-253. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Marolla APC, Waisberg J, Saba GT, Waisberg DR, Margeotto FB, Pinhal MADS. Glycomics expression analysis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans of human colorectal cancer tissues and non-neoplastic mucosa by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 13:510-7. [PMID: 26761548 PMCID: PMC4878623 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the presence of glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissues, since it has a central role in tumor development and progression. Methods Tissue samples from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissues were obtained from 64 operated patients who had colorectal carcinoma with no distant metastases. Expressions of heparan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate and their fragments were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, with the technique for extraction and quantification of glycosaminoglycans after proteolysis and electrophoresis. The statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, and Student’s t test. Results The glycosaminoglycans extracted from colorectal tissue showed three electrophoretic bands in agarose gel. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed characteristic disaccharide fragments from glycosaminoglycans, indicating their structural characterization in the tissues analyzed. Some peaks in the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were not characterized as fragments of sugars, indicating the presence of fragments of the protein structure of proteoglycans generated during the glycosaminoglycan purification. The average amount of chondroitin and dermatan increased in the neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue (p=0.01). On the other hand, the average amount of heparan decreased in the neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue (p= 0.03). Conclusion The method allowed the determination of the glycosaminoglycans structural profile in colorectal tissue from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissue. Neoplastic tissues showed greater amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate compared to non-neoplastic tissues, while heparan sulphate was decreased in neoplastic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaques Waisberg
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bishnoi M, Jain A, Hurkat P, Jain SK. Chondroitin sulphate: a focus on osteoarthritis. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:693-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Characterisation of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the lumpsucker fish, C. lumpus. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:25-33. [PMID: 24721047 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lumpsucker, Cyclopterus lumpus, a cottoid teleost fish found in the cold waters of the North Atlantic, and North Pacific, was identified as a possible source of GAGs. The GAGs present in the C. lumpus dorsal hump and body wall tissue were isolated and purified. Two fractions were analysed by NMR and their GAG structures determined as hyaluronic acid and CS/DS chains. The latter fraction contained GlcA (65% of the total uronic acids) and IdoA (the remaining 35%). All uronic acid residues were unsulfated, whilst 86% of the GalNAc was 4-sulfated and 14% was 6-sulfated. The presence of GlcA-GalNAc4S, IdoA-GalNAc4S and GlcA-GalNAc6S disaccharide fragments was confirmed. The isolated GAGs obtained from each tissue were biochemically characterised. The lumpsucker offers a high yield source of GAGs, which compares favourably with other sources such as shark cartilage.
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Shao C, Shi X, Phillips JJ, Zaia J. Mass spectral profiling of glycosaminoglycans from histological tissue surfaces. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10984-91. [PMID: 24099043 PMCID: PMC3872031 DOI: 10.1021/ac402517s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found in intracellular granules, cell surfaces, and extracellular matrices in a spatially and temporally regulated fashion, constituting the environment for cells to interact, migrate, and proliferate. Through binding with a great number of proteins, GAGs regulate many facets of biological processes from embryonic development to normal physiological functions. GAGs have been shown to be involved in pathologic changes and immunological responses including cancer metastasis and inflammation. Past analyses of GAGs have focused on cell lines, body fluids, and relatively large tissue samples. Structures determined from such samples reflect the heterogeneity of the cell types present. To gain an understanding of the roles played by GAG expression during pathogenesis, it is very important to be able to detect and profile GAGs at the histological scale so as to minimize cell heterogeneity to potentially inform diagnosis and prognosis. Heparan sulfate (HS) belongs to one major class of GAGs, characterized by dramatic structural heterogeneity and complexity. To demonstrate feasibility of analysis of HS, 15 μm frozen bovine brain stem, cortex, and cerebellum tissue sections were washed with a series of solvent solutions to remove lipids before applying heparin lyases I, II, and III on the tissue surfaces within 5 mm × 5 mm digestion spots. The digested HS disaccharides were extracted from tissue surfaces and then analyzed by using size exclusion chromatography/mass spectrometry (SEC-MS). The results from bovine brain stem, cortex, and cerebellum demonstrated the reproducibility and reliability of our profiling method. We applied our method to detect HS from human astrocytoma (WHO grade II) and glioblastoma (GBM, WHO grade IV) frozen slides. Higher HS abundances and lower average sulfation level of HS were detected in glioblastoma (GBM, WHO grade IV) slides compared to astrocytoma (WHO grade II) slides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shao
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
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Flangea C, Petrescu AJ, Seidler DG, Munteanu CVA, Zamfir AD. Identification of an unusually sulfated tetrasaccharide chondroitin/dermatan motif in mouse brain by combining chip-nanoelectrospray multistage MS2-MS4and high resolution MS. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1581-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela G. Seidler
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; University of Münster; Münster; Germany
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Leymarie N, McComb ME, Naimy H, Staples GO, Zaia J. Differential Characterization and Classification of Tissue Specific Glycosaminoglycans by Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Statistical Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 312:144-154. [PMID: 22523474 PMCID: PMC3329220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The biological functions of glycoconjugate glycans arise in the context of structural heterogeneity resulting from non-template driven biosynthetic reactions. Such heterogeneity is particularly apparent for the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) classes, of which heparan sulfate (HS) is of particular interest for its properties in binding to many classes of growth factors and growth factor receptors. The structures of HS chains vary according to spatial and temporal factors in biological systems as a mechanism where by the functions of the relatively limited number of associated proteoglycan core proteins is elaborated. Thus, there is a strong driver for the development of methods to discover functionally relevant structures in HS preparations for different sources. In the present work, a set of targeted tandem mass spectra were acquired in automated mode on HS oligosaccharides deriving from two different tissue sources. Statistical methods were used to determine the precursor and product ions, the abundances of which differentiate between the tissue sources. The results demonstrate considerable potential for using this approach to constrain the number of positional glycoform isomers present in different biological preparations toward the end of discovery of functionally relevant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Leymarie
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Mark E. McComb
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Hicham Naimy
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory O. Staples
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA
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Zamfir AD, Flangea C, Serb A, Sisu E, Zagrean L, Rizzi A, Seidler DG. Brain chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, from cerebral tissue to fine structure: extraction, preparation, and fully automated chip-electrospray mass spectrometric analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 836:145-159. [PMID: 22252633 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-498-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are covalently linked to proteins, building up a wide range of proteoglycans, with a prevalent expression in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In mammalian tissues, these GAG species are often found as hybrid CS/DS chains. Their structural diversity during chain elongation is produced by variability of sulfation in the repeating disaccharide units. In central nervous system, a large proportion of the ECM is composed of proteoglycans; therefore, CS/DS play a significant role in the functional diversity of neurons, brain development, and some brain diseases. A requirement for collecting consistent data on brain proteoglycan glycosylation is the development of adequate protocols for CS/DS extraction and detailed compositional and structure analysis. This chapter will present a strategy, which combines biochemical tools for brain CS/DS extraction, purification, and fractionation, with a modern analytical platform based on chip-nanoelectrospray multistage mass spectrometry (MS) able to provide information on the essential structural elements such as epimerization, chain length, sulfate content, and sulfation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Zamfir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Flangea C, Sisu E, Seidler DG, Zamfir AD. Analysis of oversulfation in biglycan chondroitin/dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides by chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2012; 420:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Magnelli P, Bielik A, Guthrie E. Identification and characterization of protein glycosylation using specific endo- and exoglycosidases. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 801:189-211. [PMID: 21987255 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-352-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic deglycosylation followed by SDS-PAGE is a valuable method to detect glycan modifications on protein samples. Specific glycosidases were used to remove sugars from glycoproteins in a controlled fashion leaving the protein core intact; the resulting change in molecular weight could be detected as shifts in gel mobility. Alternatively, glycan-sensitive reagents were used to visualize the intensity of glycoprotein bands before and after enzyme treatment. The ease of use of these techniques, which require only basic laboratory instrumentation and reagents, makes them the methodology of choice for initial glycobiology studies. These protocols are also well suited to screen for optimal expression conditions, since multiple glycoprotein samples can be processed at once.
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Bielik AM, Zaia J. Multistage Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 305:131-137. [PMID: 21860601 PMCID: PMC3158619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in abundance in extracellular matrices. In connective tissue, CS/DS proteoglycans play structural roles in maintaining viscoelasticity through the large number of immobilized sulfate groups on CS/DS chains. CS/DS chains also bind protein families including growth factors and growth factor receptors. Through such interactions, CS/DS chains play important roles in neurobiochemical processes, connective tissue homeostasis, coagulation, and cell growth regulation. Expression of DS has been observed to increase in cancerous tissue relative to controls. In earlier studies, MS(2) was used to compare the types of CS/DS isomers present in biological samples. The results demonstrated that product ion abundances reflect the types of CS/DS repeats present and can be used quantitatively. It was not clear, however, to which of the CS/DS repeats the product ions abundances were sensitive. The present work explores the utility of MS(3) for structural characterization of CS/DS oligosaccharides. The data show that MS(3) product ion abundances correlate with the presence of DS-like repeats in specific positions on the oligosaccharide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Bielik
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Corresponding author, address: Boston University Medical Campus, 670 Albany St., Rm. 509, Boston, MA 02118, USA, (v) 1-617-638-6762, (f) 1-617-638-6761, (e)
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Zamfir AD, Flangea C, Sisu E, Seidler DG, Peter-Katalinić J. Combining size-exclusion chromatography and fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry for structural analysis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in human decorin. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1639-46. [PMID: 21647927 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) chain of decorin (DCN) from human skin fibroblasts (HSk) was released by reductive β-elimination reaction and digested with chondroitin AC I lyase. Enzymatic hydrolysis mixture of CS/DS chains was separated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Collected octasaccharide fraction was subjected to fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) MS and tandem MS (MS/MS). MS of human skin fibroblasts DCN CS/DS displayed a high complexity due to the large variety of glycoforms, which under chip-nanoESI MS readily ionized to form multiply charged ions. Except for the regularly tetrasulfated octasaccharide, the investigated fraction contained four additional octasaccharides of atypical sulfation status. Two new oversulfated glycoforms and two undersulfated species were identified. Remarkably, the series of decasaccharides discovered in the same SEC pool was found to encompass a trisulfated and a novel hexasulfated [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)⁴] species. MS/MS by collision-induced dissociation (CID) on the [M-4H]⁴ ion corresponding to the previously not reported [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)₃](5S) corroborated for a novel motif in which three N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) moieties are monosulfated, 4,5-Δ-GlcA and the first IdoA from the non-reducing end bear one sulfate group each, while the second N-acetylgalactosamine from the reducing end is unsulfated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Zamfir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
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