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Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Becerra-Ruiz JS, Rodríguez-Montaño R, Avetisyan A, Heboyan A. IL-23/IL-17 axis levels in gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with periodontal disease: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:302. [PMID: 38431633 PMCID: PMC10909298 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize all research reporting on the levels of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from subjects with gingivits, and periodontitis, compared to healthy controls. METHODS The protocol followed the PRISMA, and Cochrane guidelines, and was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7495V . A search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Schoolar, and Cochrane from November 15th, 2005, to May 10th, 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JBI tool for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS The search strategy provided a total of 2,098 articles, of which 12 investigations met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 537, of which 337 represented the case group (subjects with gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis), and 200 represented the control group (periodontally healthy subjects). The ages of the patients ranged from 20 to 50 years, with a mean (SD) of 36,6 ± 4,2, of which 47% were men, and 53% were women. 75% of the investigations collected GCF samples with absorbent paper strips, and analyzed cytokine IL-17 levels individually. In addition, qualitative analysis revealed that there are differences between IL-23/IL-17 axis levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Thus, IL-23/IL-17 axis levels could be used in the future as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Celia Guerrero-Velázquez
- Research Institute of Dentistry, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Julieta Sarai Becerra-Ruiz
- Institute of Research of Bioscience, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño
- Department of Health and Illness as an Individual and Collective Process, University Center of Tlajomulco, University of Guadalajara (CUTLAJO-UdeG), Tlajomulco, Santa Fé Highway Km 3.5 No. 595, Lomas de Tejeda, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anna Avetisyan
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar St, Tehran, Iran.
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Jiang L, Zhang J, Fang M, Qin Y, Huang Y, Tao R. Analysis of subgingival micro-organisms based on multi-omics and Treg/Th17 balance in type 2 diabetes with/without periodontitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:939608. [PMID: 36519166 PMCID: PMC9743466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are common and interrelated diseases, resulting in altered host response microbiota. The subgingival micro-organisms play a key role in periodontitis pathogenesis. To assess the shift of subgingival microbiome and metabolome in T2DM, we performed an analysis of the subgingival microbiome in patients with T2DM (n = 20) compared with non-diabetes (ND) subjects (n = 21). Furthermore, patients were subdivided into 10 T2DM with periodontitis (DP), 10 T2DM without periodontitis (DNP), 10 periodontitis (P), and 11 healthy control (H) groups. 16SrRNA gene sequencing combined with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) based metabolomics was performed in all participants. T lymphocyte immunity was analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the network relationship among subgingival micro-organisms, metabolites, blood glucose level, and T lymphocyte immunity were analyzed. The results showed that the difference of the subgingival microbiome from healthy to periodontitis status was less prominent in T2DM compared with ND, though the clinical signs of disease were similar. The bacteria Eubacterium nodatum group, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Desulfovibrio, amongst others, may be important in the pathopoiesia of periodontitis in the T2DM state. In addition, some dominant bacteria showed network relationships. The Treg/Th17 ratio was lower in the DP and DNP groups than in the P and H groups-though that of P was lower than for H. The percentage of CD4+/CD8+ PD1 and CD8+ PDL1 was higher in the DP and DNP groups than in the H group; the percentage of CD8+ PDL1 was higher in the DP than P groups. Subgingival micro-organisms in periodontitis had a significant metabolic shift in terms of their signature metabolites. Butyrate metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis with/without T2DM. Specifically, biphenyl degradation, tryptophan metabolism, and the two-component system may play important roles in periodontitis with T2DM. Lastly, the network relationship among subgingival micro-organisms, metabolites, blood glucose level, and T lymphocyte immunity were unbalanced. This study identified the changes in the subgingival microbiome associated with periodontitis in T2DM, as well as the associated network between bacterial flora, metabolism dysbiosis, and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Meifei Fang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research, Nanning, China
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SantaCruz-Calvo S, Bharath L, Pugh G, SantaCruz-Calvo L, Lenin RR, Lutshumba J, Liu R, Bachstetter AD, Zhu B, Nikolajczyk BS. Adaptive immune cells shape obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus and less prominent comorbidities. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:23-42. [PMID: 34703027 PMCID: PMC11005058 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing in prevalence owing to decreases in physical activity levels and a shift to diets that include addictive and/or high-calorie foods. These changes are associated with the adoption of modern lifestyles and the presence of an obesogenic environment, which have resulted in alterations to metabolism, adaptive immunity and endocrine regulation. The size and quality of adipose tissue depots in obesity, including the adipose tissue immune compartment, are critical determinants of overall health. In obesity, chronic low-grade inflammation can occur in adipose tissue that can progress to systemic inflammation; this inflammation contributes to the development of insulin resistance, T2DM and other comorbidities. An improved understanding of adaptive immune cell dysregulation that occurs during obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities, with an appreciation of sex differences, will be critical for repurposing or developing immunomodulatory therapies to treat obesity and/or T2DM-associated inflammation. This Review critically discusses how activation and metabolic reprogramming of lymphocytes, that is, T cells and B cells, triggers the onset, development and progression of obesity and T2DM. We also consider the role of immunity in under-appreciated comorbidities of obesity and/or T2DM, such as oral cavity inflammation, neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Finally, we discuss previous clinical trials of anti-inflammatory medications in T2DM and consider the path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Leena Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Gabriella Pugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lucia SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raji Rajesh Lenin
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Wen J, Liu Q, Liu M, Wang B, Li M, Wang M, Shi X, Liu H, Wu J. Increasing Imbalance of Treg/Th17 Indicates More Severe Glucose Metabolism Dysfunction in Overweight/obese Patients. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:339-347. [PMID: 33317842 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammation and dysfunction of metabolism has been reported to be involved in obesity. Regulatory T cell (Treg) and helper T cell 17 (Th17) are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases. Impaired balance of Treg/Th17 is one of the major factors contributing to inflammatory status in obesity. METHODS Overweight/obese patients (n = 80) were recruited and classified into three subgroups: normal glucose tolerance group (NGT, n = 32), impaired glucose regulation group (IGR, n = 19) and type two diabetes mellitus group (T2DM, n = 29). Healthy individuals were paired as normal control group (NC, n = 37). We used flow cytometry to test the frequencies of circulating Treg and Th17 cells of all subjects. Serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-17A levels were detected by cytometric bead array and clinical information was extracted from medical records. RESULTS In group IGR and T2DM, we revealed a severe decrease in peripheral ratio of Treg/Th17 compared with NC, but no significant difference was seen in group NGT. The serum level of IL-6 in group NGT and T2DM was higher than healthy subjects. The FPG and HbA1c levels were negatively correlated with the ratio of Treg/Th17 in overweight/obese patients. ROC curve analysis revealed that peripheral Treg/Th17 ratio <1.255 was a risk factor for prediabetes and diabetes in overweight/obese patients. CONCLUSION Peripheral Treg/Th17 imbalance exists in overweight/obese patients with IGR or T2DM and peripheral Treg/Th17 imbalance might be a risk factor for prediabetes and diabetes in overweight/obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingjing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiajie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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