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Hirsch JM, Sandy R, Hasséus B, Lindblad J. A paradigm shift in the prevention and diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:826-833. [PMID: 37710407 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a widespread disease with only 50%-60% 5-year survival. Individuals with potentially malignant precursor lesions are at high risk. METHODS Survival could be increased by effective, affordable, and simple screening methods, along with a shift from incisional tissue biopsies to non-invasive brush biopsies for cytology diagnosis, which are easy to perform in primary care. Along with the explainable, fast, and objective artificial intelligence characterisation of cells through deep learning, an easy-to-use, rapid, and cost-effective methodology for finding high-risk lesions is achievable. The collection of cytology samples offers the further opportunity of explorative genomic analysis. RESULTS Our prospective multicentre study of patients with leukoplakia yields a vast number of oral keratinocytes. In addition to cytopathological analysis, whole-slide imaging and the training of deep neural networks, samples are analysed according to a single-cell RNA sequencing protocol, enabling mapping of the entire keratinocyte transcriptome. Mapping the changes in the genetic profile, based on mRNA expression, facilitates the identification of biomarkers that predict cancer transformation. CONCLUSION This position paper highlights non-invasive methods for identifying patients with oral mucosal lesions at risk of malignant transformation. Reliable non-invasive methods for screening at-risk individuals bring the early diagnosis of OSCC within reach. The use of biomarkers to decide on a targeted therapy is most likely to improve the outcome. With the large-scale collection of samples following patients over time, combined with genomic analysis and modern machine-learning-based approaches for finding patterns in data, this path holds great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michaél Hirsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Research, Development and Education, Public Dental Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronak Sandy
- Eastmaninstitutet, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Public Dental Services, Folktandvården Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hasséus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lindblad
- Computerised Image Processing, Department of Information Technology, Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ke J, Shen Y, Lu Y, Deng J, Wright JD, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Wang D, Jing N, Liang X, Jiang F. Quantitative analysis of abnormalities in gynecologic cytopathology with deep learning. J Transl Med 2021; 101:513-524. [PMID: 33526806 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in women worldwide, yet the early detection and treatment of lesions via regular cervical screening have led to a drastic reduction in the mortality rate. However, the routine examination of screening as a regular health checkup of women is characterized as time-consuming and labor-intensive, while there is lack of characteristic phenotypic profile and quantitative analysis. In this research, over the analysis of a privately collected and manually annotated dataset of 130 cytological whole-slide images, the authors proposed a deep-learning diagnostic system to localize, grade, and quantify squamous cell abnormalities. The system can distinguish abnormalities at the morphology level, namely atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as differential phenotypes of normal cells. The case study covered 51 positive and 79 negative digital gynecologic cytology slides collected from 2016 to 2018. Our automatic diagnostic system demonstrated its sensitivity of 100% at slide-level abnormality prediction, with the confirmation with three pathologists who performed slide-level diagnosis and training sample annotations. In the cellular-level classification, we yielded an accuracy of 94.5% in the binary classification between normality and abnormality, and the AUC was above 85% for each subtype of epithelial abnormality. Although the final confirmation from pathologists is often a must, empirically, computer-aided methods are capable of the effective extraction, interpretation, and quantification of morphological features, while also making it more objective and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yiqing Shen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhou Lu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Deng
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason D Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongshu Medical Laboratory Co.Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Dadong Wang
- Quantitative Imaging, Data61 CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naifeng Jing
- Department of Micro-Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Biren Research, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China
| | - Fusong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
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