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Sharma M, Verma S, Angurana SL, Tufail Z, Bhagat V, Nagyal S, Jamwal RS, Sharma B, Shah R, Bhat A, Chander G, Kumar R. Exome sequencing identifies ADGRG4 G-protein-coupled receptors gene as a novel cancer biomarker in ovarian cancer patients from North India. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23672. [PMID: 38462741 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G4 (ADGRG4) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the adhesion family. Participation of ADGRG4 in cell adhesion and migration, signaling pathway activation, influence on angiogenesis, and modulation of immune responses are some of the possible ways through which it may contribute to oncogenesis. Conducting extensive omics studies poses budgetary challenges to small labs in peripheral areas, primarily due to restricted research funding and resource limitations. Here we propose a low-budget model for biomarker screening. A total of 11 ovarian cancer samples were sent for exome sequencing. Among various genes, ADGRG4 variants were present in all 11 samples and thus were chosen as a potential biomarker in the present population. However, the precise role of ADGRG4 in cancer is not fully understood. The present study aims to look at the association between the ADGRG4 gene variants and their risk of ovarian cancer in the North Indian region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Overall, 235 individuals (115 cases and 120 healthy controls) were genotyped for the selected biomarker using Sanger sequencing. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the variant and ovarian cancer. A statistically significant association was identified between the ADGRG4 variant rs5930932 polymorphism and the incidence of ovarian cancer among the study population. When corrected for age and BMI, the dominating OR of variant rs5930932 was 1.035 (1.003-1.069) under HWE patients (0.95) and controls (0.18), with a p-value of (0.03). According to the findings of the current investigation, the ADGRG4 gene variant rs5930932 increases the chance of developing ovarian cancer in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Sonali Verma
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Advance Research, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | | | - Ziya Tufail
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Vanshika Bhagat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Sonia Nagyal
- Department of Histopathology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Multispeciality Clinic, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, India
| | | | - Bhawani Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Gresh Chander
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Advance Research, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Advance Research, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
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2
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Liu SJ, Casey-Clyde T, Cho NW, Swinderman J, Pekmezci M, Dougherty MC, Foster K, Chen WC, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Swaney DL, Vasudevan HN, Choudhury A, Pak J, Breshears JD, Lang UE, Eaton CD, Hiam-Galvez KJ, Stevenson E, Chen KH, Lien BV, Wu D, Braunstein SE, Sneed PK, Magill ST, Lim D, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Perry A, Krogan NJ, Hansen MR, Spitzer MH, Gilbert L, Theodosopoulos PV, Raleigh DR. Epigenetic reprogramming shapes the cellular landscape of schwannoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:476. [PMID: 38216587 PMCID: PMC10786948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms specifying cancer cell states and response to therapy are incompletely understood. Here we show epigenetic reprogramming shapes the cellular landscape of schwannomas, the most common tumors of the peripheral nervous system. We find schwannomas are comprised of 2 molecular groups that are distinguished by activation of neural crest or nerve injury pathways that specify tumor cell states and the architecture of the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, we find radiotherapy is sufficient for interconversion of neural crest schwannomas to immune-enriched schwannomas through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. To define mechanisms underlying schwannoma groups, we develop a technique for simultaneous interrogation of chromatin accessibility and gene expression coupled with genetic and therapeutic perturbations in single-nuclei. Our results elucidate a framework for understanding epigenetic drivers of tumor evolution and establish a paradigm of epigenetic and metabolic reprograming of cancer cells that shapes the immune microenvironment in response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Tim Casey-Clyde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nam Woo Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, and Departments of Otolaryngology, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Jason Swinderman
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mark C Dougherty
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kyla Foster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - William C Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Harish N Vasudevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Abrar Choudhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Joanna Pak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jonathan D Breshears
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ursula E Lang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Charlotte D Eaton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kamir J Hiam-Galvez
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, and Departments of Otolaryngology, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kuei-Ho Chen
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Brian V Lien
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Steve E Braunstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Penny K Sneed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen T Magill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Daniel Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Marlan R Hansen
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, and Departments of Otolaryngology, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Luke Gilbert
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Philip V Theodosopoulos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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3
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Yang Y, Li H, Zheng D, Li X, Liu H. Immune microenvironment heterogeneity reveals distinct subtypes in neuroblastoma: insights into prognosis and therapeutic targets. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13345-13367. [PMID: 38019470 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer originating from immature nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system. Current clinical and molecular subtyping methods for NB have limitations in providing accurate prognostic information and guiding treatment decisions. RESULTS To overcome these challenges, we explored the microenvironment of NB based on the knowledge-based functional gene expression signatures (Fges), which revealed heterogeneous subtypes. Consensus clustering of Fges activity scores identified three subtypes (Cluster 1, Cluster 2, and Cluster 3) that demonstrated significant differences in prognosis compared to mainstream subtypes. We assessed the immune infiltration, immunogenicity, CD8T cytotoxicity, and tumor purity of these subtypes, uncovering their distinct biological functions. Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 exhibited higher immunoreactivity, while Cluster 3 displayed higher tumor purity and poor prognosis. Gene ontology annotation and pathway analysis identified immune activation in Cluster 1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Cluster 2, and cell cycle processes in Cluster 3. Notably, the impact of EMT activity on prognosis may vary across NB subtypes. A classification model using XGBoost accurately predicted subtypes in independent NB cohorts, with significant prognostic differences. GPR125, CDK4, and GREB1 emerged as potential therapeutic targets in Cluster 3. CD4K inhibitors showed subtype-specific responses, suggesting tailored treatment strategies. Single-cell analysis highlighted unfavorable clinical features in Cluster 3, including high-risk classification and reduced cytotoxicity. Suppressed interactions between monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells were observed, affecting immune regulation and patient prognosis. CONCLUSION To summarize, we have identified a new independent prognostic factor in NB that underscores the significant correlation between tumor phenotype and immune contexture. These findings deepen our understanding of NB subtypes and immune cell interactions, paving the way for more effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huamei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
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4
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Cazorla-Vázquez S, Kösters P, Bertz S, Pfister F, Daniel C, Dedden M, Zundler S, Jobst-Schwan T, Amann K, Engel FB. Adhesion GPCR Gpr126 (Adgrg6) Expression Profiling in Zebrafish, Mouse, and Human Kidney. Cells 2023; 12:1988. [PMID: 37566066 PMCID: PMC10417176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) comprise the second-largest class of GPCRs, the most common target for approved pharmacological therapies. aGPCRs play an important role in development and disease and have recently been associated with the kidney. Several aGPCRs are expressed in the kidney and some aGPCRs are either required for kidney development or their expression level is altered in diseased kidneys. Yet, general aGPCR function and their physiological role in the kidney are poorly understood. Here, we characterize in detail Gpr126 (Adgrg6) expression based on RNAscope® technology in zebrafish, mice, and humans during kidney development in adults. Gpr126 expression is enriched in the epithelial linage during nephrogenesis and persists in the adult kidney in parietal epithelial cells, collecting ducts, and urothelium. Single-cell RNAseq analysis shows that gpr126 expression is detected in zebrafish in a distinct ionocyte sub-population. It is co-detected selectively with slc9a3.2, slc4a4a, and trpv6, known to be involved in apical acid secretion, buffering blood or intracellular pH, and to maintain high cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, respectively. Furthermore, gpr126-expressing cells were enriched in the expression of potassium transporter kcnj1a.1 and gcm2, which regulate the expression of a calcium sensor receptor. Notably, the expression patterns of Trpv6, Kcnj1a.1, and Gpr126 in mouse kidneys are highly similar. Collectively, our approach permits a detailed insight into the spatio-temporal expression of Gpr126 and provides a basis to elucidate a possible role of Gpr126 in kidney physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cazorla-Vázquez
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kösters
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
| | - Simone Bertz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Frederick Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Mark Dedden
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Felix B. Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
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5
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Yang Y, She S, Ren L, Zhao B, Chen D, Chen H. Prognosis and therapeutic benefits prediction based on NK cell marker genes through single-cell RNA-seq with integrated bulk RNA-seq analysis for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1208165. [PMID: 37554171 PMCID: PMC10406383 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1208165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells greatly participate in regulating tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Natural killer cell, as an important role of innate immunity, plays an indispensable role in antitumor immunity and regulate tumor development. In this study, we firstly identified 251 NK cell marker genes of HCC based on single-cell RNA sequencing data. Subsequently, an NK cell marker genes-related prognostic signature (NKPS) was developed in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort for risk stratification and prognosis prediction. The predictive value of the NKPS in prognosis was well validated in different clinical subgroups and three external datasets (ICGC-LIHC cohort, GSE14520 cohort and Guilin cohort). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed the independent prognostic value of NKPS for OS in HCC. Further functional analysis indicated the NKPS was associated with basic cellular processes, that may contribute to the development and progression of HCC. Thereafter, immune characteristics as well as the therapeutic benefits in NKPS risk score-defined subgroups were analyzed. Patients with low-risk score exhibited immune-active status, manifested as higher immune scores, more infiltration of CD8+ T cells and macrophage M1, and higher T-cell receptor (TCR) richness and diversity. Remarkably, the NKPS was negatively correlated with immunotherapy response-related signatures. In addition, the low-risk group exhibited significantly improved therapeutic benefits, either from immunotherapy or traditional chemotherapy and target therapy. Overall, the NKPS showed an excellent predictive value for prognosis and therapeutic responses for HCC, which might also provide novel insights into better HCC management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaopin She
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Ren
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bigeng Zhao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongbo Chen
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Vellichirammal NN, Tan YD, Xiao P, Eudy J, Shats O, Kelly D, Desler M, Cowan K, Guda C. The mutational landscape of a US Midwestern breast cancer cohort reveals subtype-specific cancer drivers and prognostic markers. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:64. [PMID: 37454130 PMCID: PMC10349437 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. The heterogeneity in the tumor morphology across the cohort and within patients can lead to unpredictable therapy resistance, metastasis, and clinical outcome. Hence, supplementing classic pathological markers with intrinsic tumor molecular markers can help identify novel molecular subtypes and the discovery of actionable biomarkers. METHODS We conducted a large multi-institutional genomic analysis of paired normal and tumor samples from breast cancer patients to profile the complex genomic architecture of breast tumors. Long-term patient follow-up, therapeutic regimens, and treatment response for this cohort are documented using the Breast Cancer Collaborative Registry. The majority of the patients in this study were at tumor stage 1 (51.4%) and stage 2 (36.3%) at the time of diagnosis. Whole-exome sequencing data from 554 patients were used for mutational profiling and identifying cancer drivers. RESULTS We identified 54 tumors having at least 1000 mutations and 185 tumors with less than 100 mutations. Tumor mutational burden varied across the classified subtypes, and the top ten mutated genes include MUC4, MUC16, PIK3CA, TTN, TP53, NBPF10, NBPF1, CDC27, AHNAK2, and MUC2. Patients were classified based on seven biological and tumor-specific parameters, including grade, stage, hormone receptor status, histological subtype, Ki67 expression, lymph node status, race, and mutational profiles compared across different subtypes. Mutual exclusion of mutations in PIK3CA and TP53 was pronounced across different tumor grades. Cancer drivers specific to each subtype include TP53, PIK3CA, CDC27, CDH1, STK39, CBFB, MAP3K1, and GATA3, and mutations associated with patient survival were identified in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS This extensive study has revealed tumor burden, driver genes, co-occurrence, mutual exclusivity, and survival effects of mutations on a US Midwestern breast cancer cohort, paving the way for developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan-De Tan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - James Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Oleg Shats
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - David Kelly
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Michelle Desler
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Kenneth Cowan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
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7
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Tseng WY, Stacey M, Lin HH. Role of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Immune Dysfunction and Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065499. [PMID: 36982575 PMCID: PMC10055975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the immune system, including immunodeficiency, immuno-malignancy, and (auto)inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases, have a great impact on a host’s health. Cellular communication mediated through cell surface receptors, among different cell types and between cell and microenvironment, plays a critical role in immune responses. Selective members of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family are expressed differentially in diverse immune cell types and have been implicated recently in unique immune dysfunctions and disorders in part due to their dual cell adhesion and signaling roles. Here, we discuss the molecular and functional characteristics of distinctive immune aGPCRs and their physiopathological roles in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Martin Stacey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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8
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EMR1/ADGRE1 Expression in Cancer Cells Upregulated by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Is Related to Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123121. [PMID: 36551877 PMCID: PMC9775542 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EMR1, a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family (ADGRE1), is a macrophage marker that is abnormally expressed in cancer cells. However, its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well-known. In this investigation, EMR1 expression in tumor cells (EMR1-TC) was found in 91 (22.8%) of the 399 CRC samples tested by immunohistochemical staining and showed a significant relationship with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, EMR1-TC was significantly associated with CD68+ CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and CRC with a high combined EMR1-TC+CD68+CD163+ score showed worse recurrence-free survival prognosis. In an in vitro co-culture assay of colon cancer cells with myeloid cells, we found that EMR1 expression significantly upregulated in cancer cells was induced by macrophages. In addition, there was increased expression of M2 markers (CD163 and interleukin-6 & 10) in myeloid portion, while that of M1 markers (CD86 and iNOS) remained unchanged. Accordingly, upon treatment with M2 macrophage polarization inhibitors (O-ATP, trametinib, bardoxolone methyl), EMR1 expression reduced significantly, along with M2 markers (CD163 and interleukin-6 & 10). In conclusion, EMR1-TC was a high-risk factor for lymph node metastasis and correlated with poor recurrence free survival, particularly in patients with TAM-rich CRC. Furthermore, EMR1 expression in colon cancer cells may be related to M2 macrophage polarization and vice versa.
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Liebscher I, Cevheroğlu O, Hsiao CC, Maia AF, Schihada H, Scholz N, Soave M, Spiess K, Trajković K, Kosloff M, Prömel S. A guide to adhesion GPCR research. FEBS J 2022; 289:7610-7630. [PMID: 34729908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a class of structurally and functionally highly intriguing cell surface receptors with essential functions in health and disease. Thus, they display a vastly unexploited pharmacological potential. Our current understanding of the physiological functions and signaling mechanisms of aGPCRs form the basis for elucidating further molecular aspects. Combining these with novel tools and methodologies from different fields tailored for studying these unusual receptors yields a powerful potential for pushing aGPCR research from singular approaches toward building up an in-depth knowledge that will facilitate its translation to applied science. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on aGPCRs in respect to structure-function relations, physiology, and clinical aspects, as well as the latest advances in the field. We highlight the upcoming most pressing topics in aGPCR research and identify strategies to tackle them. Furthermore, we discuss approaches how to promote, stimulate, and translate research on aGPCRs 'from bench to bedside' in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Liebscher
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Germany
| | | | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André F Maia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Hannes Schihada
- C3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Katja Spiess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarina Trajković
- Biology of Robustness Group, Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Mickey Kosloff
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Simone Prömel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Su T, Guan Q, Cheng H, Zhu Z, Jiang C, Guo P, Tai Y, Sun H, Wang M, Wei W, Wang Q. Functions of G protein-coupled receptor 56 in health and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13866. [PMID: 35959520 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) is encoded by gene ADGRG1 from chromosome 16q21 and is homologously encoded in mice, at chromosome 8. Both 687 and 693 splice forms are present in humans and mice. GPR56 has a 381 amino acid-long N-terminal extracellular segment and a GPCR proteolysis site upstream from the first transmembrane domain. GPR56 is mainly expressed in the heart, brain, thyroid, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that GPR56 promotes the formation of myelin sheaths and the development of oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex of the central nervous system. Moreover, GPR56 contributes to the development and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, induces adipogenesis, and regulates the function of immune cells. The lack of GPR56 leads to nervous system dysfunction, platelet disorders, and infertility. Abnormal expression of GPR56 is related to the malignant transformation and tumor metastasis of several cancers including melanoma, neuroglioma, and gastrointestinal cancer. Metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases are also associated with dysregulation of GPR56 expression, and GPR56 is involved in the pharmacological resistance to some antidepressant and cancer drug treatments. In this review, the molecular structure, expression profile, and signal transduction of GPR56 are introduced, and physiological and pathological functions of GRP56 are comprehensively summarized. Attributing to its significant biological functions and its long N-terminal extracellular region that interacts with multiple ligands, GPR56 is becoming an attractive therapeutic target in treating neurological and hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Su
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiuyun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huijuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenduo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Paipai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hanfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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11
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Sreepada A, Tiwari M, Pal K. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor gluing action guides tissue development and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1355-1372. [PMID: 35969283 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) divides these transmembrane signaling proteins into five groups: glutamate, rhodopsin, adhesion, frizzled, and secretin families, commonly abbreviated as the GRAFS classification system. The adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) sub-family comprises 33 different receptors in humans. Majority of the aGPCRs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands, structures, and tissue expression profiles. They have a long N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) with several adhesion sites similar to integrin receptors. Many aGPCRs undergo autoproteolysis at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS), enclosed within the larger GPCR autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain. Recent breakthroughs in aGPCR research have created new paradigms for understanding their roles in organogenesis. They play crucial roles in multiple aspects of organ development through cell signaling, intercellular adhesion, and cell-matrix associations. They are involved in essential physiological processes like regulation of cell polarity, mitotic spindle orientation, cell adhesion, and migration. Multiple aGPCRs have been associated with the development of the brain, musculoskeletal system, kidneys, cardiovascular system, hormone secretion, and regulation of immune functions. Since aGPCRs have crucial roles in tissue patterning and organogenesis, mutations in these receptors are often associated with diseases with loss of tissue integrity. Thus, aGPCRs include a group of enigmatic receptors with untapped potential for elucidating novel signaling pathways leading to drug discovery. We summarized the current knowledge on how aGPCRs play critical roles in organ development and discussed how aGPCR mutations/genetic variants cause diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sreepada
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Mansi Tiwari
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Kasturi Pal
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India.
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12
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Karcini A, Lazar IM. The SKBR3 cell-membrane proteome reveals telltales of aberrant cancer cell proliferation and targets for precision medicine applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10847. [PMID: 35760832 PMCID: PMC9237123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane proteome resides at the interface between the extra- and intra-cellular environment and through its various roles in signal transduction, immune recognition, nutrient transport, and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions plays an absolutely critical role in determining the fate of a cell. Our work was aimed at exploring the cell-membrane proteome of a HER2+ breast-cancer cell line (SKBR3) to identify triggers responsible for uncontrolled cell proliferation and intrinsic resources that enable detection and therapeutic interventions. To mimic environmental conditions that enable cancer cells to evolve adaptation/survival traits, cell culture was performed under serum-rich and serum-deprived conditions. Proteomic analysis enabled the identification of ~ 2000 cell-membrane proteins. Classification into proteins with receptor/enzymatic activity, CD antigens, transporters, and cell adhesion/junction proteins uncovered overlapping roles in processes that drive cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation, immune response, adhesion and migration, as well as alternate pathways for proliferation. The large number of tumor markers (> 50) and putative drug targets (> 100) exposed a vast potential for yet unexplored detection and targeting opportunities, whereas the presence of 15 antigen immunological markers enabled an assessment of epithelial, mesenchymal or stemness characteristics. Serum-starved cells displayed altered processes related to mitochondrial OXPHOS/ATP synthesis, protein folding and localization, while serum-treated cells exhibited attributes that support tissue invasion and metastasis. Altogether, our findings advance the understanding of the biological triggers that sustain aberrant cancer cell proliferation, survival and development of resistance to therapeutic drugs, and reveal vast innate opportunities for guiding immunological profiling and precision medicine applications aimed at target selection or drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arba Karcini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Iulia M Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
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13
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The tethered peptide activation mechanism of adhesion GPCRs. Nature 2022; 604:757-762. [PMID: 35418682 PMCID: PMC9841879 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are characterized by the presence of auto-proteolysing extracellular regions that are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions1. Self cleavage within the aGPCR auto-proteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain produces two protomers-N-terminal and C-terminal fragments-that remain non-covalently attached after receptors reach the cell surface1. Upon dissociation of the N-terminal fragment, the C-terminus of the GAIN domain acts as a tethered agonist (TA) peptide to activate the seven-transmembrane domain with a mechanism that has been poorly understood2-5. Here we provide cryo-electron microscopy snapshots of two distinct members of the aGPCR family, GPR56 (also known as ADGRG1) and latrophilin 3 (LPHN3 (also known as ADGRL3)). Low-resolution maps of the receptors in their N-terminal fragment-bound state indicate that the GAIN domain projects flexibly towards the extracellular space, keeping the encrypted TA peptide away from the seven-transmembrane domain. High-resolution structures of GPR56 and LPHN3 in their active, G-protein-coupled states, reveal that after dissociation of the extracellular region, the decrypted TA peptides engage the seven-transmembrane domain core with a notable conservation of interactions that also involve extracellular loop 2. TA binding stabilizes breaks in the middle of transmembrane helices 6 and 7 that facilitate aGPCR coupling and activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Collectively, these results enable us to propose a general model for aGPCR activation.
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14
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Lin HH, Ng KF, Chen TC, Tseng WY. Ligands and Beyond: Mechanosensitive Adhesion GPCRs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020219. [PMID: 35215331 PMCID: PMC8878244 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to diverse types of mechanical stimuli using a wide range of plasma membrane-associated mechanosensitive receptors to convert extracellular mechanical cues into intracellular signaling. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest cell surface protein superfamily that function as versatile sensors for a broad spectrum of bio/chemical messages. In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that GPCRs can also engage in mechano-transduction. According to the GRAFS classification system of GPCRs, adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) constitute the second largest GPCR subfamily with a unique modular protein architecture and post-translational modification that are well adapted for mechanosensory functions. Here, we present a critical review of current evidence on mechanosensitive aGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.L.); (W.-Y.T.)
| | - Kwai-Fong Ng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.L.); (W.-Y.T.)
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15
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Ng KF, Chen TC, Stacey M, Lin HH. Role of ADGRG1/GPR56 in Tumor Progression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123352. [PMID: 34943858 PMCID: PMC8699533 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication plays a critical role in diverse aspects of tumorigenesis including tumor cell growth/death, adhesion/detachment, migration/invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which constitute the largest group of cell surface receptors are known to play fundamental roles in all these processes. When considering the importance of GPCRs in tumorigenesis, the adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are unique due to their hybrid structural organization of a long extracellular cell-adhesive domain and a seven-transmembrane signaling domain. Indeed, aGPCRs have been increasingly shown to be associated with tumor development by participating in tumor cell interaction and signaling. ADGRG1/GPR56, a representative tumor-associated aGPCR, is recognized as a potential biomarker/prognostic factor of specific cancer types with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions. We summarize herein the latest findings of the role of ADGRG1/GPR56 in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai-Fong Ng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Martin Stacey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Center for Medical and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Wittlake A, Prömel S, Schöneberg T. The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111803. [PMID: 34769233 PMCID: PMC8584163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) form a structurally separate class of GPCRs with an unresolved evolutionary history and classification. Based on phylogenetic relations of human aGPCRs, nine families (A-G, L, V) were distinguished. Taking advantage of available genome data, we determined the aGPCR repertoires in all vertebrate classes. Although most aGPCR families show a high numerical stability in vertebrate genomes, the full repertoire of family E, F, and G members appeared only after the fish-tetrapod split. We did not find any evidence for new aGPCR families in vertebrates which are not present in the human genome. Based on ortholog sequence alignments, selection analysis clearly indicated two types of tetrapod aGPCRs: (i) aGPCR under strong purifying selection in tetrapod evolution (families A, B, D, L, V); and (ii) aGPCR with signatures of positive selection in some tetrapod linages (families C, E, G, F). The alignments of aGPCRs also allowed for a revised definition of reference positions within the seven-transmembrane-helix domain (relative position numbering scheme). Based on our phylogenetic cluster analysis, we suggest a revised nomenclature of aGPCRs including their transcript variants. Herein, the former families E and L are combined to one family (L) and GPR128/ADGRG7 forms a separate family (E). Furthermore, our analyses provide valuable information about the (patho)physiological relevance of individual aGPCR members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Wittlake
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Simone Prömel
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-341-972-2150 (T.S.)
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-341-972-2150 (T.S.)
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17
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Wang C, Jie J, Li D, Liu Y, Gao J, Song L. Clinical value of CD97 and CD55 levels in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26771. [PMID: 34397724 PMCID: PMC8322496 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the clinical levels of CD97 and CD55 for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.Pleural effusion samples were collected from 106 patients (55 tuberculous pleural effusions [TPE] and 51 malignant pleural effusions [MPE]). CD97 and CD55 levels in pleural effusions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.CD97 levels were significantly higher in the TPE group than in the MPE group (P < .001), while CD55 levels in the MPE group were significantly higher than the TPE group (P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of CD97 testing for the differential diagnosis of TPE and MPE was 80.0% and 60.8%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of CD55 testing for TPE and MPE was 88.2% and 85.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of combinatorial CD97 and CD55 testing for TPE and MPE was 90.0% and 87.5%, respectively. Moreover, CD97 and CD55 were negatively correlated in the MPE group (r = -0.383, P = .005), while no correlations were observed in the TPE group. CD97 or CD55 showed no correlations with other inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein) in both groups (P > .05).CD97 and CD55 may be used as biological markers for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Cadre's Wards, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Jie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinying Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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18
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Abdulkareem NM, Bhat R, Qin L, Vasaikar S, Gopinathan A, Mitchell T, Shea MJ, Nanda S, Thangavel H, Zhang B, De Angelis C, Schiff R, Trivedi MV. A novel role of ADGRF1 (GPR110) in promoting cellular quiescence and chemoresistance in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21719. [PMID: 34110646 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100070r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to be excellent drug targets, the second largest family of adhesion-GPCRs is less explored for their role in health and disease. ADGRF1 (GPR110) is an adhesion-GPCR and has an important function in neurodevelopment and cancer. Despite serving as a poor predictor of survival, ADGRF1's coupling to G proteins and downstream pathways remain unknown in cancer. We evaluated the effects of ADGRF1 overexpression on tumorigenesis and signaling pathways using two human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) cell-line models. We also interrogated publicly available clinical datasets to determine the expression of ADGRF1 in various BC subtypes and its impact on BC-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients. ADGRF1 overexpression in HER2+ BC cells increased secondary mammosphere formation, soft agar colony formation, and % of Aldefluor-positive tumorigenic population in vitro and promoted tumor growth in vivo. ADGRF1 co-immunoprecipitated with both Gαs and Gαq proteins and increased cAMP and IP1 when overexpressed. However, inhibition of only the Gαs pathway by SQ22536 reversed the pro-tumorigenic effects of ADGRF1 overexpression. RNA-sequencing and RPPA analysis revealed inhibition of cell cycle pathways with ADGRF1 overexpression, suggesting cellular quiescence, as also evidenced by cell cycle arrest at the G0/1 phase and resistance to chemotherapy in HER2+ BC. ADGRF1 was significantly overexpressed in the HER2-enriched BC compared to luminal A and B subtypes and predicted worse BCSS and OS in these patients. Therefore, ADGRF1 represents a novel drug target in HER2+ BC, warranting discovery of novel ADGRF1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Mazin Abdulkareem
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raksha Bhat
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lanfang Qin
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ambily Gopinathan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamika Mitchell
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin J Shea
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarmistha Nanda
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hariprasad Thangavel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meghana V Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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G-protein-coupled receptors as therapeutic targets for glioblastoma. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2858-2870. [PMID: 34271165 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour in adults. Treatments include surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite this, the prognosis remains poor, with an impacted quality of life during treatment coupled with brain tumour recurrence; thus, new treatments are desperately needed. In this review, we focus on recent advances in G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets. To date, the most promising targets are the chemokine, cannabinoid, and dopamine receptors, but future work should further examine the melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R), adhesion, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and smoothened (Smo) receptors to initiate new drug-screening strategies and targeted delivery of safe and effective GBM therapies.
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20
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Arang N, Gutkind JS. G Protein-Coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins as cancer drivers. FEBS Lett 2021; 594:4201-4232. [PMID: 33270228 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins can dramatically alter the signalling landscape and functional state of a cell. Consistent with their fundamental physiological functions, GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in some of the most prevalent human diseases, including a complex disease such as cancer that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GPCR/G protein-mediated signalling impacts oncogenesis at multiple levels by regulating tumour angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we summarize the growing body of research on GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins as drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and as emerging antitumoural therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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ELTD1-An Emerging Silent Actor in Cancer Drama Play. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105151. [PMID: 34068040 PMCID: PMC8152501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and seven transmembrane domain–containing protein 1 (ELTD1), is a member of the G–protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily. Although discovered in 2001, ELTD1 has been investigated only by a few research groups, and important data about its role in normal and tumor cells is still missing. Even though its functions and structure are not yet fully understood, recent studies show that ELTD1 has a role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, and it appears to be a very important biomarker and a molecular target in cancer diseases. Upregulation of ELTD1 in malignant cells has been reported, and correlated with poor cancer prognosis. This review article aims to compile the existing data and to discuss the current knowledge on ELTD1 structure and signaling, and its role in physiological and neoplastic conditions.
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22
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Abstract
Background Members of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have received attention for their roles in health and disease, including cancer. Over the past decade, several members of the family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Methods Here, we discuss the basic biology of adhesion GPCRs and review in detail specific members of the receptor family with known functions in glioblastoma. Finally, we discuss the potential use of adhesion GPCRs as novel treatment targets in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Luo Z, Dong X, Yu J, Xia Y, Berry KP, Rao R, Xu L, Xue P, Chen T, Lin Y, Yu J, Huang G, Li H, Zhou W, Lu QR. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals ZNF124 as a Critical Regulator in Highly Aggressive Medulloblastomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634056. [PMID: 33681213 PMCID: PMC7930499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, however, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in different MB subgroups remain incompletely understood. Although previous studies of MB predisposition have been conducted in tertiary referral centers primarily in Caucasian cohorts, it is not unclear clear whether there exist population-specific genetic alterations in MBs. In this study, we investigated the contribution of genomic and transcriptomic alterations to the risk of malignant MB in the Chinese population (designated as the Asian cohort). We analyze the genomic and transcriptomic alterations of the Asian MB cohort by using a combination of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-deep-sequencing. In addition, we integrate publicly available data with the Asian MB cohort and identify a subset of potential MB-driving genes specifically enriched in each of the MB subgroups. We further characterize a newly identified group-3-enriched transcriptional regulator, ZNF124, and demonstrate that ZNF124 is critical for the growth of the most aggressive group-3 MB cells. Together, our analyses indicate conserved yet distinct genetic alterations and gene expression patterns of MBs between different ethnic groups. Our studies further provide an important resource for identifying potential tumor-driving factors in MBs, enhancing our understanding of the disease process for developing ethnically targeted therapies in patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Luo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kalen P Berry
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lingli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Guoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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24
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Beliu G, Altrichter S, Guixà-González R, Hemberger M, Brauer I, Dahse AK, Scholz N, Wieduwild R, Kuhlemann A, Batebi H, Seufert F, Pérez-Hernández G, Hildebrand PW, Sauer M, Langenhan T. Tethered agonist exposure in intact adhesion/class B2 GPCRs through intrinsic structural flexibility of the GAIN domain. Mol Cell 2021; 81:905-921.e5. [PMID: 33497605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs)/family B2 GPCRs execute critical tasks during development and the operation of organs, and their genetic lesions are associated with human disorders, including cancers. Exceptional structural aGPCR features are the presence of a tethered agonist (TA) concealed within a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain and their non-covalent heteromeric two-subunit layout. How the TA is poised for activation while maintaining this delicate receptor architecture is central to conflicting signaling paradigms that either involve or exclude aGPCR heterodimer separation. We investigated this matter in five mammalian aGPCR homologs (ADGRB3, ADGRE2, ADGRE5, ADGRG1, and ADGRL1) and demonstrate that intact aGPCR heterodimers exist at the cell surface, that the core TA region becomes unmasked in the cleaved GAIN domain, and that intra-GAIN domain movements regulate the level of tethered agonist exposure, thereby likely controlling aGPCR activity. Collectively, these findings delineate a unifying mechanism for TA-dependent signaling of intact aGPCRs.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Gene Expression
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Multimerization
- Proteolysis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/chemistry
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerti Beliu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Altrichter
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Condensed Matter Theory Group, PSI, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Hemberger
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ina Brauer
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Dahse
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Wieduwild
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuhlemann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hossein Batebi
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Seufert
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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25
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Guihurt Santiago J, Burgos-Tirado N, Lafontaine DD, Mendoza Sierra JC, Camacho RH, Vecchini Rodríguez CM, Morales-Tirado V, Flores-Otero J. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, ELTD1, is a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma migration and invasion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33430814 PMCID: PMC7802354 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis for pediatric metastatic Retinoblastoma (Rb) is poor and current therapies are limited by high systemic toxicity rates and insufficient therapeutic efficacy for metastatic Rb. Tumor dissemination to the brain is promoted by the heterogeneous adhesive and invasive properties of Rb cells within the tumor. In this study we evaluate, for the first time, the expression, and roles of the ELTD1 and GPR125 adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in Rb cell migration, viability and invasion. METHODS We characterized the RNA expression of adhesion-GPCRs in 64 Rb tumors compared to 11 fetal retinas using the database from the Childhood Solid Tumor Network from St Jude Children's Research Hospital. The role of ELTD1 and GPR125 in Rb were investigated ex vivo by microarray analysis, in vitro by cell viability, Western blot and migration assays, in addition to imaging of the subcellular localization of the GPCRs. To elucidate their role in vivo we utilized siRNA technology in an established Rb orthotopic xenograft murine model. RESULTS Our investigation demonstrates, for the first time, that ELTD1 but not GPR125, is significantly increased in Rb tumors compared to fetal retinas. We utilized established the Rb cell lines Y79 and Weri-Rb-1, which represent an aggressive, metastatic, and non-metastatic phenotype, respectively, for the in vitro analyses. The studies demonstrated that ELTD1 is enriched in Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 is enriched in Y79 cells. The measured differences extended to their subcellular localization as ELTD1 labeling displayed punctate clusters in cell-to-cell adhesion sites of Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 displayed a polarized distribution in Y79 cells. Lastly, we demonstrated the lack of both adhesion receptors does not affect Rb cell viability, yet inhibition of ELTD1 decreases Y79 cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that ELTD1, is a potential target to prevent extraocular Rb. The results within establish ELTD1 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Guihurt Santiago
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine at Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN USA
| | - Neikelyn Burgos-Tirado
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniella Dorta Lafontaine
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Central University of the Caribbean of Puerto Rico, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - José C. Mendoza Sierra
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Herrera Camacho
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Current affiliation: Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Clara M. Vecchini Rodríguez
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vanessa Morales-Tirado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Present address: AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jacqueline Flores-Otero
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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26
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Subhi O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Karim S, Bakhashab S, Alotibi R, Al-Ahmadi A, Ata M, Elaimi A, Al-Muhayawi S, Mansouri M, Al-Ghamdi K, Hamour OA, Jamal A, Al-Maghrabi J, Al-Qahtani MH. Genetic relationship between Hashimoto`s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma with coexisting Hashimoto`s thyroiditis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234566. [PMID: 32603365 PMCID: PMC7326236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is present in the background of around 30% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The genetic predisposition effect of this autoimmune condition is not thoroughly understood. We analyzed the microarray expression profiles of 13 HT, eight PTCs with (w/) coexisting HT, six PTCs without (w/o) coexisting HT, six micro PTCs (mPTCs), and three normal thyroid (TN) samples. Based on a false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 and a fold change (FC) > 2, four comparison groups were defined, which were HT vs. TN; PTC w/ HT vs. TN; PTC w/o HT vs. TN; and mPTC vs. TN. A Venn diagram displayed 15 different intersecting and non-intersecting differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets, of which a set of 71 DEGs, shared between the two comparison groups HT vs. TN ∩ PTC w/ HT vs. TN, harbored the relatively largest number of genes related to immune and inflammatory functions; oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS); DNA damage and DNA repair; cell cycle; and apoptosis. The majority of the 71 DEGs were upregulated and the most upregulated DEGs included a number of immunoglobulin kappa variable genes, and other immune-related genes, e.g., CD86 molecule (CD86), interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2RG), and interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6). Upregulated genes preferentially associated with other gene ontologies (GO) were, e.g., STAT1, MMP9, TOP2A, and BRCA2. Biofunctional analysis revealed pathways related to immunogenic functions. Further data analysis focused on the set of non-intersecting 358 DEGs derived from the comparison group of HT vs. TN, and on the set of 950 DEGs from the intersection of all four comparison groups. In conclusion, this study indicates that, besides immune/inflammation-related genes, also genes associated with oxidative stress, ROS, DNA damage, DNA repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis are comparably more deregulated in a data set shared between HT and PTC w/ HT. These findings are compatible with the conception of a genetic sequence where chronic inflammatory response is accompanied by deregulation of genes and biofunctions associated with oncogenic transformation. The generated data set may serve as a source for identifying candidate genes and biomarkers that are practical for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa'a Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Ahmadi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Ata
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Elaimi
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Muhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Mansouri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman Abdel Hamour
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Muthiah I, Rajendran K, Dhanaraj P, Vallinayagam S. In silico structure prediction, molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies on G Protein-Coupled Receptor 116: a novel insight into breast cancer therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4807-4815. [PMID: 32580684 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1783365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled Receptor gains more importance in cancer research; because of their key role in several physiologic functions of cells. However, most of the GPCR's are orphan receptors, this hampers the finding of drugs against GPCR. G Protein-Coupled Receptor 116 is an adhesion orphan receptor that intensifies the invasion of cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. In this study, existing FDA approved anticancer drugs were chosen as ligands and molecular docking was performed using in silico protein model of GPR116. Molecular interaction was analyzed carefully to identify the crucial amino acids present in binding pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations study executed to verify the structural and dynamic properties of Doxorubicin-GPR116 protein complex. The results have shown that Doxorubicin, Neratinib maleate, Epirubicin, and Lapatinib Ditosylate have good interaction with GPR116 binding site. Tyrosine 195 (Y195), Cysteine 196 (C196), Argenine 197 (R197), and Tryptophan 100 (W100) are commonly found in the majority of ligand-target interaction, hence based on the computational studies selective amino acids might be crucial for functional properties. Further to confirm crucial amino acids, computational mutation studies were executed. Molecular docking analysis with mutated GPR116 disclosed that significant variation in G score compared withligand-native protein interaction. Hence, the theoretical confirmatory structural properties changes support to prove selective crucial amino acids play the significant role in ligand binding. Molecular dynamic simulation results reveal that the interaction was stable throughout the MD simulation. To the best of our prognosis, GPR116 could be the best molecular target for breast cancer drug discovery.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiraleka Muthiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
| | | | - Premnath Dhanaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
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Gong H, Gao S, Yu C, Li M, Liu P, Zhang G, Song J, Zheng J. Effect and mechanism of YB-1 knockdown on glioma cell growth, migration, and apoptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:168-179. [PMID: 32047913 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is manifested as its involvement in cell proliferation and differentiation and malignant cell transformation. Overexpression of YB-1 is associated with glioma progression and patient survival. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of YB-1 knockdown on glioma cell progression and reveal the mechanisms of YB-1 knockdown on glioma cell growth, migration, and apoptosis. It was found that the knockdown of YB-1 decreased the mRNA and protein levels of YB-1 in U251 glioma cells. The knockdown of YB-1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Proteome and phosphoproteome data revealed that YB-1 is involved in glioma progression through regulating the expression and phosphorylation of major proteins involved in cell cycle, adhesion, and apoptosis. The main regulated proteins included CCNB1, CCNDBP1, CDK2, CDK3, ADGRG1, CDH-2, MMP14, AIFM1, HO-1, and BAX. Furthermore, it was also found that YB-1 knockdown is associated with the hypo-phosphorylation of ErbB, mTOR, HIF-1, cGMP-PKG, and insulin signaling pathways, and proteoglycans in cancer. Our findings indicated that YB-1 plays a key role in glioma progression in multiple ways, including regulating the expression and phosphorylation of major proteins associated with cell cycle, adhesion, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Gong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Kidney Transplant, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chenghuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Meihe Li
- Department of Kidney Transplant, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jinning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplant, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Gad AA, Balenga N. The Emerging Role of Adhesion GPCRs in Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:29-42. [PMID: 32259086 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression, function, and mutation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their signaling partners, G proteins, have been well documented in many forms of cancer. These cell surface receptors and their endogenous ligands are implicated in all aspects of cancer including proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) form the second largest family of GPCRs, most of which are orphan receptors with unknown physiological functions. This is mainly due to our limited insight into their structure, natural ligands, signaling pathways, and tissue expression profiles. Nevertheless, recent studies show that aGPCRs play important roles in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and cell-cell communication, processes that are dysregulated in cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that aGPCRs are implicated in migration, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells. We here review the role of aGPCRs in the five most common types of cancer (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and gastric) and emphasize the importance of further translational studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub A Gad
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States.,Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States
| | - Nariman Balenga
- Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States.,Molecular and Structural Biology program at University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States
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30
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Zhang H, Zhu D, Zhang Z, Kaluz S, Yu B, Devi NS, Olson JJ, Van Meir EG. EZH2 targeting reduces medulloblastoma growth through epigenetic reactivation of the BAI1/p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Oncogene 2020; 39:1041-1048. [PMID: 31582835 PMCID: PMC7780546 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant pediatric brain tumor for which new therapies are urgently needed. We demonstrate that treatment with EPZ-6438 (Tazemetostat), an enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor approved for clinical trials, blocks MB cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and prolongs survival in orthotopic xenograft models. We show that the therapeutic effect is dependent on epigenetic reactivation of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor B1 (BAI1/ADGRB1), a tumor suppressor that controls p53 stability by blocking Mdm2. Histone 3 trimethylated on lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a marker of silent chromatin conformation is present at the ADGRB1 promoter, and inhibition of EZH2, the catalytic component of the Polycomb Repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that methylates H3K27, switches the gene into an active chromatin status and reactivates BAI1 expression. Mechanistically, targeting EZH2 promotes transition from H3K27me3 to H3K27ac at the promoter, recruits the C/EBPβ (CREB-binding protein) and CBP transcription factors and activates ADGRB1 gene transcription. Taken together, our results identify key molecular players that regulate ADGRB1 gene expression in MB, demonstrate that reactivation of BAI1 expression underlies EPZ-6438 antitumorigenic action, and provide preclinical proof-of-principle evidence for targeting EZH2 in patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital and School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stefan Kaluz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Narra S. Devi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Olson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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31
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Transcriptional profiling of circulating tumor cells in multiple myeloma: a new model to understand disease dissemination. Leukemia 2019; 34:589-603. [PMID: 31595039 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The reason why a few myeloma cells egress from the bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) remains unknown. Here, we investigated molecular hallmarks of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to identify the events leading to myeloma trafficking into the bloodstream. After using next-generation flow to isolate matched CTCs and BM tumor cells from 32 patients, we found high correlation in gene expression at single-cell and bulk levels (r ≥ 0.94, P = 10-16), with only 55 genes differentially expressed between CTCs and BM tumor cells. CTCs overexpressed genes involved in inflammation, hypoxia, or epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas genes related with proliferation were downregulated in CTCs. The cancer stem cell marker CD44 was overexpressed in CTCs, and its knockdown significantly reduced migration of MM cells towards SDF1-α and their adhesion to fibronectin. Approximately half (29/55) of genes differentially expressed in CTCs were prognostic in patients with newly-diagnosed myeloma (n = 553; CoMMpass). In a multivariate analysis including the R-ISS, overexpression of CENPF and LGALS1 was significantly associated with inferior survival. Altogether, these results help understanding the presence of CTCs in PB and suggest that hypoxic BM niches together with a pro-inflammatory microenvironment induce an arrest in proliferation, forcing tumor cells to circulate in PB and seek other BM niches to continue growing.
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Characterization of upregulated adhesion GPCRs in acute myeloid leukemia. Transl Res 2019; 212:26-35. [PMID: 31153896 PMCID: PMC7473775 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) in cancer has become increasingly evident in recent years. Yet, data supporting the contribution of this family of genes to hematological malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are limited. Here, we use publicly available genomic data to characterize the expression of the 33 aGPCRs in patients with AML and examine whether upregulation of these genes is associated with the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients. Upregulation in one or more of eight aGPCR genes (ADGRB1, ADGRC2, ADGRD1, ADGRE1, ADGRE2, ADGRE5, ADGRG1, and/or ADGRG3) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (median OS: 11.8 vs 55.4 months; P < 0.0001). This was also significant in multivariate survival analysis (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval 1.11-2.69; P = 0.015) after adjusting for age, molecular risk status, and transplant status. High expression of the eight aGPCRs was significantly associated with older age (≥60; P = 0.011). Patients with high aGPCRs expression were more frequently classified in the poor molecular risk status group and less in the good risk status group compared with patients with low aGPCRs expression (31% vs 17% P = 0.049 and 14% vs 28% P = 0.027, respectively). Via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we identified the interleukin-8 signaling pathway among the most activated pathways in patients with high aGPCRs expression. Overall, our data suggest that particular aGPCRs are frequently upregulated in AML and associated with poor clinical outcome. Future functional and mechanistic analyses are needed to address the role of aGPCRs in AML.
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Azimzadeh P, Talamantez-Lyburn SC, Chang KT, Inoue A, Balenga N. Spatial regulation of GPR64/ADGRG2 signaling by β-arrestins and GPCR kinases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1456:26-43. [PMID: 31502283 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of activation, signaling, and trafficking of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have remained largely unknown. Several aGPCRs, including GPR56/ADGRG1 and GPR64/ADGRG2, show increased activity in the absence of their N-terminal fragment (NTF). This constitutive signaling is plausibly caused by the binding of extracellular N-terminal 15-25 amino acid-long tethered agonist to extracellular domains of the cognate aGPCRs. To test the role of NTF and tethered agonist in GPR64 signaling and endocytosis, we generated mutants that lack either NTF alone (ΔNTF) or NTF and tethered agonist (P622). We discover that unlike full-length GPR64, ΔNTF and P622 mutants interact with β-arrestin1 and β-arrestins2 and are constitutively internalized in steady states. However, only ΔNTF shows exaggerated basal activation of the Gαs -cAMP-CRE signaling cascade. Neither ΔNTF nor P622 shows constitutive activation of the Gα13 -SRE pathway, but both mutants respond to exogenously added agonistic peptide via CRE and SRE. GPCR kinases and dynamin mediate the constitutive internalization of ΔNTF and P622 to early endosomes, where ΔNTF constantly induces CRE. These data suggest that NTF not only shields the tethered agonist to prevent G protein signaling but also confers a conformation that inhibits the interaction with β-arrestins and the consequent endocytosis and sustained signaling from endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Azimzadeh
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Katarina T Chang
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariman Balenga
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Molecular and Structural Biology Program at University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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34
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Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: opportunities for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:869-884. [PMID: 31462748 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) - one of the five main families in the GPCR superfamily - have several atypical characteristics, including large, multi-domain N termini and a highly conserved region that can be autoproteolytically cleaved. Although GPCRs overall have well-established pharmacological tractability, currently no therapies that target any of the 33 members of the aGPCR family are either approved or in clinical trials. However, human genetics and preclinical research have strengthened the links between aGPCRs and disease in recent years. This, together with a greater understanding of their functional complexity, has led to growing interest in aGPCRs as drug targets. A framework for prioritizing aGPCR targets and supporting approaches to develop aGPCR modulators could therefore be valuable in harnessing the untapped therapeutic potential of this family. With this in mind, here we discuss the unique opportunities and challenges for drug discovery in modulating aGPCR functions, including target identification, target validation, assay development and safety considerations, using ADGRG1 as an illustrative example.
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35
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Genetic basis of functional variability in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11036. [PMID: 31363148 PMCID: PMC6667449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous sizes of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) go along with complex genomic exon-intron architectures giving rise to multiple mRNA variants. There is a need for a comprehensive catalog of aGPCR variants for proper evaluation of the complex functions of aGPCRs found in structural, in vitro and animal model studies. We used an established bioinformatics pipeline to extract, quantify and visualize mRNA variants of aGPCRs from deeply sequenced transcriptomes. Data analysis showed that aGPCRs have multiple transcription start sites even within introns and that tissue-specific splicing is frequent. On average, 19 significantly expressed transcript variants are derived from a given aGPCR gene. The domain architecture of the N terminus encoded by transcript variants often differs and N termini without or with an incomplete seven-helix transmembrane anchor as well as separate seven-helix transmembrane domains are frequently derived from aGPCR genes. Experimental analyses of selected aGPCR transcript variants revealed marked functional differences. Our analysis has an impact on a rational design of aGPCR constructs for structural analyses and gene-deficient mouse lines and provides new support for independent functions of both, the large N terminus and the transmembrane domain of aGPCRs.
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36
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Al Hasan M, Roy P, Dolan S, Martin PE, Patterson S, Bartholomew C. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor 56 is required for 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1601-1614. [PMID: 31304602 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated conditions represent major global health and financial burdens and understanding processes regulating adipogenesis could lead to novel intervention strategies. This study shows that adhesion G-protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) gene transcripts are reduced in abdominal visceral white adipose tissue derived from obese Zucker rats versus lean controls. Immunostaining in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes reveals both mitotic cell restricted surface and low level general expression patterns of Gpr56. Gpr56 transcripts are differentially expressed in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis. Transient knockdown (KD) of Gpr56 in 3T3-L1 cells dramatically inhibits differentiation through reducing the accumulation of both neutral cellular lipids (56%) and production of established adipogenesis Pparγ 2 (60-80%), C/ebpα (40-78%) mediator, and Ap2 (56-80%) marker proteins. Furthermore, genome editing of Gpr56 in 3T3-L1 cells created CW2.2.4 and RM4.2.5.5 clones (Gpr56 -/- cells) with compound heterozygous deletion frameshift mutations which abolish adipogenesis. Genome edited cells have sustained levels of the adipogenesis inhibitor β-catenin, reduced proliferation, reduced adhesion, altered profiles, and or abundance of extracellular matrix component gene transcripts for fibronectin, types I, III, and IV collagens and loss of actin stress fibers. β-catenin KD alone is insufficient to restore adipogenesis in Gpr56 -/- cells. Together these data show that Gpr56 is required for adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. This report is the first demonstration that Gpr56 participates in regulation of the adipogenesis developmental program. Modulation of the levels of this protein and/or its biological activity may represent a novel target for development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Hasan
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Poornima Roy
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Sharron Dolan
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Patricia E Martin
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Steven Patterson
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Chris Bartholomew
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
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Insel PA, Sriram K, Gorr MW, Wiley SZ, Michkov A, Salmerón C, Chinn AM. GPCRomics: An Approach to Discover GPCR Drug Targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:378-387. [PMID: 31078319 PMCID: PMC6604616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets for ∼35% of approved drugs but only ∼15% of the ∼800 human GPCRs are currently such targets. GPCRomics, the use of unbiased, hypothesis-generating methods [e.g., RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)], with tissues and cell types to identify and quantify GPCR expression, has led to the discovery of previously unrecognized GPCRs that contribute to functional responses and pathophysiology and that may be therapeutic targets. The combination of GPCR expression data with validation studies (e.g., signaling and functional activities) provides opportunities for the discovery of disease-relevant GPCR targets and therapeutics. Here, we review insights from GPCRomic approaches, gaps in knowledge, and future directions by which GPCRomics can advance GPCR biology and the discovery of new GPCR-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew W Gorr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shu Z Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexander Michkov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amy M Chinn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Kleo K, Dimitrova L, Oker E, Tomaszewski N, Berg E, Taruttis F, Engelmann JC, Schwarzfischer P, Reinders J, Spang R, Gronwald W, Oefner PJ, Hummel M. Identification of ADGRE5 as discriminating MYC target between Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:322. [PMID: 30953469 PMCID: PMC6451309 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MYC is a heterogeneously expressed transcription factor that plays a multifunctional role in many biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. It is also associated with many types of cancer including the malignant lymphomas. There are two types of aggressive B-cell lymphoma, namely Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and a subgroup of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which both carry MYC translocations and overexpress MYC but both differ significantly in their clinical outcome. In DLBCL, MYC translocations are associated with an aggressive behavior and poor outcome, whereas MYC-positive BL show a superior outcome. Methods To shed light on this phenomenon, we investigated the different modes of actions of MYC in aggressive B-cell lymphoma cell lines subdivided into three groups: (i) MYC-positive BL, (ii) DLBCL with MYC translocation (DLBCLpos) and (iii) DLBCL without MYC translocation (DLBCLneg) for control. In order to identify genome-wide MYC-DNA binding sites a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) was performed. In addition, ChIP-Seq for H3K4me3 was used for determination of genomic regions accessible for transcriptional activity. These data were supplemented with gene expression data derived from RNA-Seq. Results Bioinformatics integration of all data sets revealed different MYC-binding patterns and transcriptional profiles in MYC-positive BL and DLBCL cell lines indicating different functional roles of MYC for gene regulation in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Based on this multi-omics analysis we identified ADGRE5 (alias CD97) - a member of the EGF-TM7 subfamily of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors - as a MYC target gene, which is specifically expressed in BL but not in DLBCL regardless of MYC translocation. Conclusion Our study describes a diverse genome-wide MYC-DNA binding pattern in BL and DLBCL cell lines with and without MYC translocations. Furthermore, we identified ADREG5 as a MYC target gene able to discriminate between BL and DLBCL irrespectively of the presence of MYC breaks in DLBCL. Since ADGRE5 plays an important role in tumor cell formation, metastasis and invasion, it might also be instrumental to better understand the different pathobiology of BL and DLBCL and help to explain discrepant clinical characteristics of BL and DLBCL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5537-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Kleo
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lora Dimitrova
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Oker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Tomaszewski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Berg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Taruttis
- Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia C Engelmann
- Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Present address: Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790, AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Schwarzfischer
- Functional Genomics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Functional Genomics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Gronwald
- Functional Genomics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Functional Genomics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
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Mancini SJ, Mahmud ZA, Jenkins L, Bolognini D, Newman R, Barnes M, Edye ME, McMahon SB, Tobin AB, Milligan G. On-target and off-target effects of novel orthosteric and allosteric activators of GPR84. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1861. [PMID: 30755705 PMCID: PMC6372602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, including examples with clear therapeutic potential, remain poorly characterised. This often reflects limited availability of suitable tool ligands with which to interrogate receptor function. In the case of GPR84, currently a target for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, recent times have seen the description of novel orthosteric and allosteric agonists. Using 2-(hexylthiol)pyrimidine-4,6 diol (2-HTP) and di(5,7-difluoro-1H-indole-3-yl)methane (PSB-16671) as exemplars of each class, in cell lines transfected to express either human or mouse GPR84, both ligands acted as effective on-target activators and with high co-operativity in their interactions. This was also the case in lipopolysaccharide-activated model human and mouse immune cell lines. However in mouse bone-marrow-derived neutrophils, where expression of GPR84 is particularly high, the capacity of PSB-16671 but not of 2-HTP to promote G protein activation was predominantly off-target because it was not blocked by an antagonist of GPR84 and was preserved in neutrophils isolated from GPR84 deficient mice. These results illustrate the challenges of attempting to study and define functions of poorly characterised receptors using ligands that have been developed via medicinal chemistry programmes, but where assessed activity has been limited largely to the initially identified target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Mancini
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Bolognini
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Newman
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Barnes
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E Edye
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B McMahon
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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40
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The RGD motif is involved in CD97/ADGRE5-promoted cell adhesion and viability of HT1080 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1517. [PMID: 30728423 PMCID: PMC6365523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD97/ADGRE5 is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) involved in tumor cell adhesion, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. CD97 has been shown previously to stimulate angiogenesis by interacting with integrins on endothelial cells via an Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD) motif. In this report, the role of the RGD motif in tumor cell adhesion and apoptosis was investigated using a previously-established HT1080 cell-based system. We found that the RGD motif is critical in CD97-promoted cell adhesion, in part due to the up-regulation of αvβ5 and α2β1 integrins, and that CD97 mediates its anti-apoptotic effect in extrinsic apoptosis via RGD-dependent cell adhesion. In contrast, CD97-modulated anti-apoptotic effect in intrinsic apoptosis is mediated by RGD-independent, N-cadherin-induced homotypic cell aggregation. Hence, CD97 promotes tumorigenesis via RGD-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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41
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Arimont M, van der Woude M, Leurs R, Vischer HF, de Graaf C, Nijmeijer S. Identification of Key Structural Motifs Involved in 7 Transmembrane Signaling of Adhesion GPCRs. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arimont
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van der Woude
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F. Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Structure of BAI1/ELMO2 complex reveals an action mechanism of adhesion GPCRs via ELMO family scaffolds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30604775 PMCID: PMC6318265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI) subfamily of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) plays crucial roles in diverse cellular processes including phagocytosis, myoblast fusion, and synaptic development through the ELMO/DOCK/Rac signaling pathway, although the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that an evolutionarily conserved fragment located in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of BAI-aGPCRs is specifically recognized by the RBD-ARR-ELMO (RAE) supramodule of the ELMO family scaffolds. The crystal structures of ELMO2-RAE and its complex with BAI1 uncover the molecular basis of BAI/ELMO interactions. Based on the complex structure we identify aGPCR-GPR128 as another upstream receptor for the ELMO family scaffolds, most likely with a recognition mode similar to that of BAI/ELMO interactions. Finally, we map disease-causing mutations of BAI and ELMO and analyze their effects on complex formation.
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43
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Personalized prediction of genes with tumor-causing somatic mutations based on multi-modal deep Boltzmann machine. Neurocomputing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Moon SY, Shin SA, Oh YS, Park HH, Lee CS. Understanding the Role of the BAI Subfamily of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Pathological and Physiological Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120597. [PMID: 30513696 PMCID: PMC6316137 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors (BAIs) 1, 2, and 3 are members of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, subfamily B, which share a conserved seven-transmembrane structure and an N-terminal extracellular domain. In cell- and animal-based studies, these receptors have been shown to play diverse roles under physiological and pathological conditions. BAI1 is an engulfment receptor and performs major functions in apoptotic-cell clearance and interacts (as a pattern recognition receptor) with pathogen components. BAI1 and -3 also participate in myoblast fusion. Furthermore, BAI1–3 have been linked to tumor progression and neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the functions of BAI1–3 in pathological and physiological conditions and discuss future directions in terms of the importance of BAIs as pharmacological targets in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ah Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Chang Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Ji B, Feng Y, Sun Y, Ji D, Qian W, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Sun Y. GPR56 promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and enhances metastasis via epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT signaling activation. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1885-1896. [PMID: 30066935 PMCID: PMC6111632 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56), a member of the orphan GPCR family, has been reported to be an oncogene in various malignancies. However, little is known regarding the detailed molecular mechanism of GPR56 in colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to detect the expression level and biological function of GPR56 in CRC. We examined the expression of GPR56 in CRC tissues and cell lines by quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. The prognostic significance of GPR56 in CRC patients was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The influence of GPR56 on tumor cell proliferation (via Cell Counting Kit-8, and a tumor formation assay in mice), apoptosis (flow cytometry), cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry) and migration (Transwell assay) was explored. We also investigated the underlying mechanism of GPR56 by western blot analysis. We found GPR56 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines compared to corresponding normal controls. Higher GPR56 expression in patients predicted poorer prognosis. Depletion of GPR56 markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. GPR56 overexpression promoted CRC cell metastasis by expediting epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating PI3K/AKT signaling. In conclusion, GPR56 played an important role in CRC progression and may represent a new therapeutic target to reduce CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dongjian Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Hilbig D, Dietrich N, Wandel E, Gonsior S, Sittig D, Hamann J, Aust G. The Interaction of CD97/ADGRE5 With β-Catenin in Adherens Junctions Is Lost During Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:182. [PMID: 29888202 PMCID: PMC5980956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor CD97/ADGRE5 is present in adherens junctions of human normal intestinal cells and upregulated in colorectal carcinomas. Here, we examined whether CD97 directly interacts with junctional proteins in normal and malignant colorectal tissue. We identified an association of CD97 with β-catenin using a proximity ligation assay and confirmed the interaction between both endogenous proteins at the biochemical level by co-immunoprecipitation in human and mouse tissues and cell lines. Glutathione S-transferase-pulldown revealed that CD97 binds β-catenin through its seven-span transmembrane/intracellular domain(s). To study tumor-associated changes in the interaction of CD97 and β-catenin in situ, we quantified and correlated both proteins at the membrane, and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of colorectal carcinomas and their corresponding normal tissues (n = 111). In normal colon, membranous levels of CD97 and β-catenin correlated strongly (p < 0.0001). To some degree both molecules disappeared in carcinomas simultaneously from the membrane of tumor cells (p = 0.017). CD97 accumulated in the cytoplasm, whereas β-catenin emerged in the cytoplasm and nuclei. CD97 and β-catenin levels in the cytoplasm correlated well (p < 0.0001). Irrespective of their subcellular localization, interaction of CD97 with β-catenin in tumor cells was also restricted to the cell contacts. Accordingly, CD97 did not regulate β-catenin-dependent TCF-mediated transcriptional activity. In summary, while CD97 and β-catenin interact in adherens junctions, their interaction is lost and both molecules follow different functional paths inside tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hilbig
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norman Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elke Wandel
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Gonsior
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doreen Sittig
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Aust
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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47
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Scholz N. Cancer Cell Mechanics: Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors in Action? Front Oncol 2018; 8:59. [PMID: 29594040 PMCID: PMC5859372 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, numerous organ systems are equipped with adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) to shape cellular processes including migration, adhesion, polarity and guidance. All of these cell biological aspects are closely associated with tumor cell biology. Consistently, aberrant expression or malfunction of aGPCRs has been associated with dysplasia and tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence indicates that cancer cells comprise viscoelastic properties that are different from that of their non-tumorigenic counterparts, a feature that is believed to contribute to the increased motility and invasiveness of metastatic cancer cells. This is particularly interesting in light of the recent identification of the mechanosensitive facility of aGPCRs. aGPCRs are signified by large extracellular domains (ECDs) with adhesive properties, which promote the engagement with insoluble ligands. This configuration may enable reliable force transmission to the ECDs and may constitute a molecular switch, vital for mechano-dependent aGPCR signaling. The investigation of aGPCR function in mechanosensation is still in its infancy and has been largely restricted to physiological contexts. It remains to be elucidated if and how aGPCR function affects the mechanoregulation of tumor cells, how this may shape the mechanical signature and ultimately determines the pathological features of a cancer cell. This article aims to view known aGPCR functions from a biomechanical perspective and to delineate how this might impinge on the mechanobiology of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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48
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Stoveken HM, Larsen SD, Smrcka AV, Tall GG. Gedunin- and Khivorin-Derivatives Are Small-Molecule Partial Agonists for Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors GPR56/ADGRG1 and GPR114/ADGRG5. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:477-488. [PMID: 29476042 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in multiple cancers and in neurologic diseases. However, there are few modulatory compounds that act on these receptors. The majority of aGPCRs are orphans and a general activation mechanism has only recently been defined: aGPCRs are activated by a tethered agonist. aGPCRs constitutively cleave themselves during biosynthesis to generated two-part receptors comprising an extracellular domain (ECD) and a 7-transmembrane spanning domain (7TM). ECD dissociation reveals the tethered agonist initiating G protein signaling. Synthetic peptides that mimic the tethered agonist region can activate aGPCRs. We hypothesized that small molecules could act in the same way as peptide agonists. High throughput screening of the 2000-compound Spectrum Collection library using the serum response element luciferase gene reporter assay revealed two related classes of small molecules that could activate the aGPCR GPR56/ADGRG1. The most potent compound identified was 3-α-acetoxydihydrodeoxygedunin, or 3-α-DOG. 3-α-DOG activated engineered, low-activity GPR56 7TM in independent biochemical and cell-based assays with an EC50 of ∼5 μM. The compound also activated a subset of aGPCRs but not two class A GPCRs tested. The mode of 3-α-DOG-mediated receptor activation is that of partial agonist. 3-α-DOG activated GPR56 less efficaciously than peptide agonist and could antagonize both the peptide agonist and the endogenous tethered agonist, which are pharmacological hallmarks of partial agonists. Taken together, we have uncovered a novel group of aGPCR partial agonists that will serve as invaluable resources for understanding this unique class receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Stoveken
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.M.S., A.V.S., G.G.T.) and Medicinal Chemistry (S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.M.S., A.V.S., G.G.T.) and Medicinal Chemistry (S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.M.S., A.V.S., G.G.T.) and Medicinal Chemistry (S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory G Tall
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.M.S., A.V.S., G.G.T.) and Medicinal Chemistry (S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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49
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Cazorla-Vázquez S, Engel FB. Adhesion GPCRs in Kidney Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:9. [PMID: 29468160 PMCID: PMC5808184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents the fastest growing pathology worldwide with a prevalence of >10% in many countries. In addition, kidney cancer represents 5% of all new diagnosed cancers. As currently no effective therapies exist to restore kidney function after CKD- as well as cancer-induced renal damage, it is important to elucidate new regulators of kidney development and disease as new therapeutic targets. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the most successful class of pharmaceutical targets. In recent years adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs), the second largest GPCR family, gained significant attention as they are present on almost all mammalian cells, are associated to a plethora of diseases and regulate important cellular processes. aGPCRs regulate for example cell polarity, mitotic spindle orientation, cell migration, and cell aggregation; all processes that play important roles in kidney development and/or disease. Moreover, polycystin-1, a major regulator of kidney development and disease, contains a GAIN domain, which is otherwise only found in aGPCRs. In this review, we assess the potential of aGPCRs as therapeutic targets for kidney disease. For this purpose we have summarized the available literature and analyzed data from the databases The Human Protein Atlas, EURExpress, Nephroseq, FireBrowse, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics and the National Cancer Institute Genomic Data Commons data portal (NCIGDC). Our data indicate that most aGPCRs are expressed in different spatio-temporal patterns during kidney development and that altered aGPCR expression is associated with a variety of kidney diseases including CKD, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis as well as renal cell carcinoma. We conclude that aGPCRs present a promising new class of therapeutic targets and/or might be useful as diagnostic markers in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cazorla-Vázquez
- Department of Nephropathology, Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Department of Nephropathology, Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Millar MW, Corson N, Xu L. The Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR56/ADGRG1, Inhibits Cell-Extracellular Matrix Signaling to Prevent Metastatic Melanoma Growth. Front Oncol 2018; 8:8. [PMID: 29450192 PMCID: PMC5799216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic growth is considered a rate-limiting step in cancer progression, and upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cell-ECM signaling are major drivers of this process. Mechanisms to reverse ECM upregulation in cancer could potentially facilitate its prevention and treatment but they are poorly understood. We previously reported that the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 is downregulated in melanoma metastases. Its re-expression inhibited melanoma growth and metastasis and reduced the deposition of fibronectin, a major ECM component. We hypothesize that its effect on fibronectin deposition contributes to its inhibitory role on metastatic growth. To test this, we investigated the function of GPR56 on cell-fibronectin adhesion and its relationship with metastatic growth in melanoma. Our results reveal that GPR56 inhibits melanoma metastatic growth by impeding the expansion of micrometastases to macrometastases. Meanwhile, we present evidence that GPR56 inhibits fibronectin deposition and its downstream signaling, such as phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), during this process. Administration of the FAK inhibitor Y15 perturbed the proliferation of melanoma metastases, supporting a causative link between the cell adhesion defect induced by GPR56 and its inhibition of metastatic growth. Taken together, our results suggest that GPR56 in melanoma metastases inhibits ECM accumulation and adhesion, which contributes to its negative effects on metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Millar
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nancy Corson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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