The Astromineralogy of Interplanetary Dust Particles. In: Henning T, editor. Astromineralogy. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010. pp. 259-76. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13259-9_6]

Instantaneous formation of interstellar minerals and mineral quantum dots

Our understanding of the formation pathways of interstellar mineral dust is still evolving. This study investigated the formation of astrophysical mineral dust, such as olivine, by shock processing. Low-velocity (∼1.8 km s-1) interstellar shock conditions were simulated using high-intensity shock tubes. These conditions enabled the examination of various cosmic mineral dust precursors such as the mixtures of Mg, Fe and SiO2 under a shock strength of approximately 5.6 M and temperatures around 7300 K. Analysis of the processed samples revealed the presence of Mg-rich olivine, forsterite, MgO quantum dots (QD), and magnetite. These results indicate that shockwaves can rapidly induce dust formation in interstellar space. Furthermore, we demonstrated that shock processing of mineral dust precursors could contribute to the formation of crystalline silicate dust observed in comets and the creation of chondrules, which are observed in chondritic meteorites.

The impact of recent advances in laboratory astrophysics on our understanding of the cosmos

An emerging theme in modern astrophysics is the connection between astronomical observations and the underlying physical phenomena that drive our cosmos. Both the mechanisms responsible for the observed astrophysical phenomena and the tools used to probe such phenomena-the radiation and particle spectra we observe-have their roots in atomic, molecular, condensed matter, plasma, nuclear and particle physics. Chemistry is implicitly included in both molecular and condensed matter physics. This connection is the theme of the present report, which provides a broad, though non-exhaustive, overview of progress in our understanding of the cosmos resulting from recent theoretical and experimental advances in what is commonly called laboratory astrophysics. This work, carried out by a diverse community of laboratory astrophysicists, is increasingly important as astrophysics transitions into an era of precise measurement and high fidelity modeling.