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dos Santos JC, de Souza E, Meneses-Santos D, Carvalho CRDO, dos Santos JL, Aidar FJ, Marçal AC. The Use of Anabolic Steroids by Bodybuilders in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1451-1469. [PMID: 38785594 PMCID: PMC11120124 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bodybuilding, as a high-performance sport, requires regular strength and resistance exercises with the principal objective of increasing muscle hypertrophy. However, many bodybuilders resort to the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) to improve their performance in a short period of time. This study employs a survey-type, cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical method to evaluate the profile of bodybuilding athletes in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, and verify the level of knowledge/awareness about the health risks and impacts resulting from the use of such substances. Finite- and convenience-type populations are assessed, including individuals of both sexes, aged older than 18 years, self-declared bodybuilding athletes residing in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, and participating in regional and/or state competitions. As a result, no significant relationships were determined between sex (p = 0.492), age (p = 0.460), family income (p = 0.141), and medical follow-up sessions. For the variables level of education and medical follow-up vs. no follow-up sessions, a significant result was achieved (p = 0.01), with 74.3% of individuals reporting having follow-up treatment and 25.7% responding that they had no follow-up treatment, a percentage representing the group that completed their higher education. The substances most used by the athletes were Sustanon 250 or Durateston, Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca or Deca-Durabolin), and Testosterone. The most-reported acute side effects were acne at 33.8% (n = 20), irritability at 32.1% (n = 19), alopecia (hair loss), and nervousness at 23.7% (n = 14). The most-reported chronic side effects were arterial hypertension at 36.0% (n = 9), liver disease at 28.0% (n = 7), and cancer (non-specific) at 8.0% (n = 2). We concluded that, regardless of the athletes' socioeconomic profiles, the use of AASs was high, with two or more substances being used in combination and for a prolonged period. Thus, it is necessary to promote awareness campaigns regarding the use of AASs and their effects on high-performance and recreational athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Cruz dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.); (E.d.S.); (J.L.d.S.)
| | - Erivaldo de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.); (E.d.S.); (J.L.d.S.)
| | - Daniela Meneses-Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Jymmys Lopes dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.); (E.d.S.); (J.L.d.S.)
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
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Gao S, Yao W, Zhou R, Pei Z. Exercise training affects calcium ion transport by downregulating the CACNA2D1 protein to reduce hypertension-induced myocardial injury in mice. iScience 2024; 27:109351. [PMID: 38495825 PMCID: PMC10940998 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and exercise has cardioprotective effects on the heart. However, the mechanism by which exercise affects hypertension-induced myocardial injury remains unclear. Exercise response model of hypertension-induced myocardial injury in mice was analyzed using multiomics data to identify potential factors. The study found that serum Ca2+ and brain natriuretic peptide concentrations were significantly higher in the HTN (hypertension) group than in the control, HTN+MICT (moderate intensity continuous exercise), and HTN+HIIT (high intensity intermittent exercise) groups. Cardiac tissue damage and fibrosis increased in the HTN group, but exercise training reduced pathological changes, with more improvement in the HTN+HIIT group. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies showed significant differences in CACNA2D1 expression between the different treatment groups. HIIT ameliorated HTN-induced myocardial injury in mice by decreasing Ca2+ concentration and diastolizing vascular smooth muscle by downregulating CACNA2D1 via exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Central Laboratory, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Saluja S. A critical commentary on the use of combined power and endurance training for hypertension management in older adults. J Hypertens 2024; 42:605-606. [PMID: 38441181 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Saluja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
- Division of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Wang M, Zhang L, Ma J, Sun H, Gao Z, Hu M, Liu H, Guo L. Mediating effect of successful aging on the relationship between psychological resilience and death anxiety among middle-aged and older adults with hypertension. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1116263. [PMID: 37808974 PMCID: PMC10552859 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aging trend of China's population is severe and successful aging (SA) is imminent. Aging can lead to various chronic diseases, with hypertension being the most common. Due to this lifelong disease, patients suffer from many anxieties, as death anxiety (DA) can be the most prevalent. Studies have exhibited that middle-aged adults approaching the transition to an older state show more pronounced DA than the more senior. It has been suggested that psychological resilience (PR) can reduce DA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the mediating effect of SA between PR and DA in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension. Methods A cross-sectional survey was designed. From August to December 2021, 298 middle-aged and older adults with hypertension were selected by multistage cluster random sampling in three districts (Ling he District, Gu ta District, and Tai He District) of Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province. They were surveyed using the demographic questionnaires, the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Successful Aging Inventory, and the Chinese version of a Likert-type Templer-Death Anxiety Scale. Descriptive analyses, independent sample T-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to describe demographic characteristics among hypertensive patients with different characteristics, respectively. Statistics were considered significant when P < 0.05. Pearson correlation coefficients describe the relationship between PR, SA, and DA. The research model was shaped through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SPSS PROCESS macro was used to verify the mediation model. A binary logistic regression model was used with DA as the dependent variable. Results The scores for PR, SA, and DA in hypertensive patients are (49.52 ± 14.38) points, (51.22 ± 7.63) points, and (46.67 ± 9.03) points. PR was negatively correlated with DA (r = -0.307, P < 0.01). Moreover, incorporating SA as a mediating variable in PR and DA, SA was positively correlated with PR (r = 0.335, P < 0.01) and DA (r = 0.085, P > 0.05). The direct effect is opposite to the sign of the indirect effect. There is a suppression between PR and DA with a percentage of 20.7%. Good self-assessed health status [0.057 (0.018, 0.183)] may be a protective factor for DA. Conclusion Healthcare providers should improve the PR of middle-aged and older adults with hypertension through interventions that reduce DA and increase the likelihood of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiding Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jianing Ma
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziyun Gao
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengya Hu
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Student Health Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Leilei Guo
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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Tan Z, Chen P, Zheng Y, Pan Y, Wang B, Zhao Y. Effect of blood flow-restricted resistance training on myocardial fibrosis in early spontaneously hypertensive rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1101748. [PMID: 36818353 PMCID: PMC9928848 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of blood flow-restricted resistance training on myocardial fibrosis in early spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods Four-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats and SHRs were randomly divided into the following groups: normal group (WKY), SHR control (SHR-SED) group, high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) group, low- and medium-intensity resistance training (LMIRT) group, and blood flow-restricted low- and medium-resistance training (BFRT) group. Body weight, hemodynamics, cardiac function, myocardial morphology and fibrosis, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta1-Smad (TGFβ-1-Smad) pathway-related proteins in the myocardium were assessed. Results (1) BFRT lowered blood pressure significantly, decreased left ventricular wall thickness, and improved cardiac function. At the same time, BFRT was superior to traditional resistance training in lowering diastolic blood pressure, and was superior to HIRT in improving left ventricular compliance, reducing heart rate, and reducing left ventricular posterior wall and left ventricular mass (P < 0.05). (2) BFRT decreased collagen I and collagen fiber area in the myocardium, increased the collagen III area, and decreased the collagen I/III ratio (P < 0.05). BFRT produced a better proportion of myocardial collagen fibers than did traditional resistance training (P < 0.05). (3) In the myocardium of the BFRT group compared to the traditional resistance training group, the expression of TGFβ-1, Smad2/3/4, p-Smad2/3, CTGF, and TIMP1 was significantly downregulated, MMP2 and TIMP2 were significantly upregulated, the MMP/TIMP ratio significantly increased, and TGFβ-1 expression significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion BFRT inhibited the TGFβ-1-Smad pathway in the myocardium, downregulated the expression of CTGF, and regulated the balance between MMPs and TIMPs, thereby reducing myocardial fibrosis in SHR, and improving cardiac morphology and function. BFRT also lowered blood pressure, and achieved an effect of early prevention and treatment of hypertension. At the same time, BFRT was superior to traditional resistance training in reducing diastolic blood pressure and adjusting the proportion of myocardial collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Tan
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiyou Chen
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchan Zheng
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baolong Wang
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zhao,
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de Barcelos GT, Heberle I, Coneglian JC, Vieira BA, Delevatti RS, Gerage AM. Effects of Aerobic Training Progression on Blood Pressure in Individuals With Hypertension: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:719063. [PMID: 35252853 PMCID: PMC8891157 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.719063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerobic training of moderate intensity is the primary modality recommended in the management of hypertension. The manipulation of training variables can be an important strategy for the continuity of health benefits; however, little is known about the effects of the progression of aerobic training variables in the adaptations of blood pressure in hypertensive adults. OBJECTIVE To analyze, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the effects of aerobic training with and without progression on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive adults. METHOD The search for the studies was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, SPORTDiscus and LILACS databases. Clinical trials that analyzed the effect of aerobic training, lasting at least six weeks, on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals comparing with a control group without intervention were selected. The selection of studies and data extraction were carried out independently by two pairs of researchers. The results are presented as mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was considered with p < 0.05. RESULTS Of the 13,028 studies found, 24 were selected and included in this review, 12 with progression of training variables and 12 without progression, with a total of 1,207 participants analyzed. There was a reduction in SBP after aerobic training with progression (-10.67 mmHg; 95% CI -15.421, -5.926; p < 0.001) and without progression (-10.17 mmHg; CI -12.213, -8.120; p < 0.001). DBP also decreased after aerobic training with progression (-5.49 mmHg; 95% CI -8.663, -2.310; p < 0.001) and without progression (-6.51 mmHg; 95% CI -9.147, -3.868; p < 0.001). According to the results of the meta-regression analyses, only age showed an association with the reduction of SBP (β: -0.323; CI -0.339, -0.307; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Aerobic training promotes a reduction in the SBP and DBP levels of adults with hypertension, regardless of whether or not the training variables progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Tadeu de Barcelos
- Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Mayer JF, Sandberg CW, Mozeiko J, Madden EB, Murray LL. Cognitive and Linguistic Benefits of Aerobic Exercise: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review of the Stroke Literature. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:785312. [PMID: 36188840 PMCID: PMC9397720 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.785312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to determine how aerobic exercise affects cognition after stroke, with particular focus on aphasia and language improvement. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro+ scale with half of the 27 included studies rated as high quality. Data extraction focused on cognitive effects of aerobic exercise post-stroke, intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and participant characteristics. Whereas attention, memory, and executive functioning measures were common across the included studies, no study included a language-specific, performance-based measure. Seventeen studies reported positive cognitive effects, most frequently in the domains of attention, memory and executive functioning. Variability in outcome measures, intervention characteristics, and participant characteristics made it difficult to identify similarities among studies reporting positive cognitive effects of exercise or among those studies reporting null outcomes. Only three studies provided specific information about the number of individuals with aphasia included or excluded, who comprise approximately one-third of the stroke population. The review identified patent gaps in our understanding of how aerobic exercise may affect not only the cognitive domain of language post-stroke but also the broader cognitive functioning of individuals with post-stroke aphasia. Methodological limitations of the reviewed studies also warrant further examination of the direct impact of aerobic exercise on cognition post-stroke with careful attention to the selection and reporting of population, intervention, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F. Mayer
- School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jamie F. Mayer
| | - Chaleece W. Sandberg
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Mozeiko
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Madden
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Laura L. Murray
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Swimming Attenuates Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hypertension presents one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Structural and mechanical changes of the heart and blood vessels as well as overproduction of reactive oxygen species may occur due to the increased blood pressure. Therewith, the goal of our study was to estimate the effects and duration of swimming as a possible therapy approach on blood pressure and oxidative stress parameters in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The study was conducted on 60 male Wistar albino rats divided into two groups, normotensive and hypertensive rats. Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups according to the swimming protocol. The swimming training was kept constant (60 min/day, for five days a week) with two days of rest. After six or nine weeks of the swimming protocol, blood pressure and oxidative stress markers were measured. The control group rats were put in water for one minute a day, in order to avoid water-induced stress. Training significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats, while diastolic pressure did not change in the group that swam six or nine weeks. The results showed that swimming increases the activity of all measured antioxidative parameters, while values of prooxidants varied depending on the training protocol. Our results confirmed that swimming, as an aerobic exercise, decreases blood pressure and has time-dependent positive system adaptations, especially on the antioxidant parameters.
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Wen S, Xu S, Nguyen T, Gong M, Yan H, Zhou L. Metabolic Effects on Body Components After a Three-Month Physical Intervention in Overweight Medical Staff. Cureus 2021; 13:e19027. [PMID: 34824937 PMCID: PMC8612068 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study analyzes the metabolic effects on body components of short-term standard physical training interventions in the staff of a Chinese hospital. Methods and materials We analyzed annual medical examinations, including blood sampling, ultrasound examinations, etc., and selected 10 overweight voluntary participants to take part in formal physical training, and a body composition analyzer DBA-550 (Donghuayuan Medical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China) was used to analyze body components' change before physical training interventions and the first month and third month after the physical intervention. Results The intervention significantly decreased body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). Plasma lipids, triglyceride, and waist/hip ratio in females, trunk circumference in males, and limb circumference in females changed significantly (p<0.05). The body composition analysis showed that alterations in lean mass, fat weight, and fat percentage were not significant. Moreover, the segmental skeletal weight stable and segmental edema indices changed significantly but were within the normal range. Conclusions Three months of short-term physical intervention effectively lower body weight and fat, but more significant changes in long-term intervention and larger groups can be expected. Besides, the body composition analyzer proved reliable and can modify more individualized treatment plans for overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wen
- Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Shuren Xu
- Physical Examination Center, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, CHN
| | | | - Min Gong
- Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Huafang Yan
- Physical Examination Center, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, CHN
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Effects of Three Traditional Chinese Fitness Exercises Combined with Antihypertensive Drugs on Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2570472. [PMID: 34754311 PMCID: PMC8572593 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2570472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare the efficacy of three different traditional Chinese exercises (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Wuqinxi) combined with antihypertensive drugs (AHD) on patients with essential hypertension (EH). Method Eight electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of traditional Chinese fitness exercises combined with AHD and AHD alone. The analysis mainly consists of network meta-analysis (NMA) and pairwise meta-analysis. The Cochrane assessment tool was adopted to assess the risk of bias of included literatures. This study used STATA/SE 15.1 (StataCorp, 2017), R software (version 4.0.1), and Cochrane's Review Manager software (version 5.4) to conduct data analysis and figures generation. Results A total of 30 RCTs were included in this study, of which 16 evaluated Tai Chi plus AHD versus AHD, 11 evaluated Baduanjin plus AHD versus AHD, and 3 evaluated Wuqinxi plus AHD versus AHD. No RCT compared directly among the three traditional Chinese fitness exercises. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that Tai Chi plus AHD was significantly superior to AHD alone in reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). BDJ plus AHD was statistically superior to AHD alone in reducing SBP, DBP, and endothelin (ET) and increasing nitric oxide (NO). NMA results indicated that Tai Chi plus AHD (WMD −12.42 mmHg, 95% CI: −15.29 to −9.55) and Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD −7.03 mmHg, 95% CI: −9.80 to −4.26) were superior to AHD, and Tai Chi was more effective than other traditional exercises in lowering SBP, Tai Chi plus AHD (WMD −7.56 mmHg, 95% CI: −10.15 to −4.96) and Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD −4.51 mmHg, 95% CI: −7.38 to −1.65) were superior to AHD in reducing DBP, Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD 4.26 μmol/L, 95%CI: 2.68 to 5.83) was statistically superior to AHD in increasing NO, and Tai Chi plus AHD (WMD −7.64 pg/ml, 95% CI: −10.46 to −4.83) and Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD −9.23 pg/ml, 95% CI: −10.85 to −7.61) were superior to AHD in lowering ET. Conclusion Compared with AHD alone, both Tai Chi plus AHD and Baduanjin plus AHD showed significant benefit in regulating SBP, DBP, and ET. Among the three traditional Chinese fitness exercises, Tai Chi may be the best as an adjunctive therapy for SBP reduction. These findings provided evidence for the therapeutic benefit of either Tai Chi or Baduanjin exercise as an adjunct therapy for patients with EH. Limited by the methodological quality and quantity of included studies, results need to be interpreted with caution, and it is necessary to carry out further high-quality RCTs on traditional Chinese fitness exercise-assisted treatment of EH in the future.
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Zhao H, Zhang X, Xu Y, Gao L, Ma Z, Sun Y, Wang W. Predicting the Risk of Hypertension Based on Several Easy-to-Collect Risk Factors: A Machine Learning Method. Front Public Health 2021; 9:619429. [PMID: 34631636 PMCID: PMC8497705 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.619429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a widespread chronic disease. Risk prediction of hypertension is an intervention that contributes to the early prevention and management of hypertension. The implementation of such intervention requires an effective and easy-to-implement hypertension risk prediction model. This study evaluated and compared the performance of four machine learning algorithms on predicting the risk of hypertension based on easy-to-collect risk factors. A dataset of 29,700 samples collected through a physical examination was used for model training and testing. Firstly, we identified easy-to-collect risk factors of hypertension, through univariate logistic regression analysis. Then, based on the selected features, 10-fold cross-validation was utilized to optimize four models, random forest (RF), CatBoost, MLP neural network and logistic regression (LR), to find the best hyper-parameters on the training set. Finally, the performance of models was evaluated by AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity on the test set. The experimental results showed that the RF model outperformed the other three models, and achieved an AUC of 0.92, an accuracy of 0.82, a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.81. In addition, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, family history and waist circumference (WC) are the four primary risk factors of hypertension. These findings reveal that it is feasible to use machine learning algorithms, especially RF, to predict hypertension risk without clinical or genetic data. The technique can provide a non-invasive and economical way for the prevention and management of hypertension in a large population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,School of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lisheng Gao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zuchang Ma
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yining Sun
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Institute of Health Management, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Correia CCM, Rodrigues LF, de Avila Pelozin BR, Oliveira EM, Fernandes T. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Function as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of Exercise Training. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040065. [PMID: 34698215 PMCID: PMC8544698 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatments and therapies, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The discovery that most of the human genome, although transcribed, does not encode proteins was crucial for focusing on the potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators of cell function at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. This class of non-coding RNAs is related to the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. The different expression profiles of lncRNAs, in different contexts of CVDs, change a great potential in their use as a biomarker and targets of therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, regular physical exercise plays a protective role against CVDs; on the other hand, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this review, we look at the accumulated knowledge on lncRNAs and their functions in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the cardiovascular pathology of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. We discuss the potential of these molecules as biomarkers for clinical use, their limitations, and how the manipulation of the expression profile of these transcripts through physical exercise can begin to be suggested as a strategy for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Caldas Martins Correia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil; (L.F.R.); (B.R.d.A.P.); (E.M.O.)
| | - Luis Felipe Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil; (L.F.R.); (B.R.d.A.P.); (E.M.O.)
| | - Bruno Rocha de Avila Pelozin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil; (L.F.R.); (B.R.d.A.P.); (E.M.O.)
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil; (L.F.R.); (B.R.d.A.P.); (E.M.O.)
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil; (L.F.R.); (B.R.d.A.P.); (E.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 55-11-2648-1566 (ext. 05508-030)
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Effects of Baduanjin Exercise on Antihypertensive Medication Reduction in Older Patients with Hypertension: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8663022. [PMID: 34335840 PMCID: PMC8324341 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8663022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a serious global public health problem, and its incidence increases with age. Research has suggested that multiple antihypertensive prescriptions may be harmful to older individuals with hypertension. Baduanjin, a widely practiced physical activity in China, has been used as an adjuvant therapy to antihypertensive treatment in older individuals with hypertension. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate whether Baduanjin exercise could reduce the need for antihypertensive medications in older patients. Methods This single-center, open, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in China. Seventy eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the 12-week Baduanjin exercise group or the 12-week aerobic exercise group (5 times a week), at a ratio of 1 : 1. The primary outcome will include the proportion of participants who reduce their antihypertensive medications. The secondary outcomes will include the changes in mean office systolic and diastolic pressure, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, health-related quality of life (based on SF-36), and gut microbiota composition. Discussion. The results of this study will provide powerful evidence for the use of Baduanjin as an adjuvant therapy for antihypertensive medication reduction in older people with hypertension and therefore find the best treatment for hypertension. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR1900024429).
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Effect of number of medications and complexity of regimens on medication adherence and blood pressure management in hospitalized patients with hypertension. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252944. [PMID: 34111189 PMCID: PMC8191947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Good adherence of antihypertensives is recommended for the accomplishment of hypertension therapy. The number of medications and characteristics contributing to medication regimen complexity, such as dosage forms and dosing frequency, are known to influence medication adherence. However, the effect of medication regimen complexity on the therapeutic efficacy of medicines remains to be clarified. In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the effect of number of medications and medication regimen complexity on medication adherence and therapeutic efficacy in patients with hypertension. METHODS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,057 patients, who were on medications including antihypertensives on admission at the Mie University Hospital between July 2018 and December 2018, were enrolled in this study. Poor blood pressure management was defined if the systolic or diastolic blood pressure were ≥140 mmHg or ≥ 90 mmHg. Medication regimen complexity was quantified using the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) score. RESULTS Among 1,057 patients, 164 and 893 patients were categorized into poor and good adherence groups, respectively. The multivariate analyses revealed that age ≥ 71 years and oral MRCI score ≥ 19.5 but not number of oral medications were extracted as risk factors for poor medication adherence. Medication adherence and blood pressure management were poor in the group with oral MRCI score ≥ 19.5, regardless of the age. The rate of readmission was similar. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate that medication regimen complexity rather than number of medications is closely related to medication adherence and blood pressure management. Hence, physicians and/or pharmacists should consider the complexity of medication regimens while modifying them.
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15
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Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14522-14543. [PMID: 34001677 PMCID: PMC8202894 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.
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Mollinedo-Cardalda I, Rodríguez AL, Ferreira M, Cancela-Carral JM. Benefits of STRENOLD Program on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults Aged 60 Years or Older. In Common Sport Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063253. [PMID: 33801116 PMCID: PMC8004100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The proportion of older adults is increasing worldwide and, with it, the physical inactivity common to this age group. Therefore, the promotion of active aging is a strategic factor in health policies for older people. The aim of this study was to identify the benefits and viability of the strength training program (STRENOLD) in health-related quality of life in adults over 60. Methods: A controlled experimental study was carried out with a sample of 181 people over 60 years old from different European countries belonging to the European project IN COMMON SPORTS. A pair work strength program was administered (STRENOLD) over a period of 24 months, consisting of two single sessions per week. Their health status was evaluated (EQ-5D-5L) before and after the interventions. Results: The adherence rate was over 89% and the tolerability rate over 100% in all participating countries. Significant improvements in the participants’ health were demonstrated in the areas of mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Conclusions: The regular practice of physical exercise, through the partnered STRENOLD strength program, has benefits on mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, in short, health benefits for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irimia Mollinedo-Cardalda
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986801700
| | | | - Manuela Ferreira
- Camara Municipal of Vilanova da Cerveira, 4920 Vilanova de Cerveira, Portugal;
| | - José María Cancela-Carral
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas-UVIGO, HealthyFit Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sports Science, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
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Silva MS, de Andrade Gomes Y, de Sousa Cavalcante ML, Telles PVN, da Silva ACA, Severo JS, de Oliveira Santos R, Dos Santos BLB, Cavalcante GL, Rocha CHL, Palheta-Junior RC, de Cássia Meneses Oliveira R, Dos Santos RF, Sabino JPJ, Dos Santos AA, Tolentino Bento da Silva M. Exercise and pyridostigmine prevents gastric emptying delay and increase blood pressure and cisplatin-induced baroreflex sensitivity in rats. Life Sci 2021; 267:118972. [PMID: 33383052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin treatment induces an autonomic dysfunction and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. Physical exercise as well as pyridostigmine treatment induces improves in the autonomic nervous system. In the current study, we investigated the effect of physical exercise and pyridostigmine treatment on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular changes in cisplatin-treated rats. Rats were divided into groups: Saline (S), Cisplatin (Cis), Exercise (Ex), Cisplatin+Exercise (Cis+Ex), Pyridostigmine (Pyr), and Cisplatin+Pyridostigmine (Cis+Pyr). We induced gastrointestinal dysmotility by administering 3 mg kg-1 of cisplatin once week for 5 weeks. The Ex was swimming (1 h per day/5 days per week for 5 weeks with 5% b.w.). GE was evaluated through the colorimetric method of fractional red phenol recovery 10 min after feeding. Pyr groups received 1.5 mg kg-1, p.o. or concomitant Cis treatment. Moreover, gastric contraction in vitro and hemodynamic parameters such as MAP, HR, and evoked baroreflex sensitivity were assessed, as well as sympathetic and parasympathetic tone and intrinsic heart rate (IHR). Cis decrease GE vs. saline (p<0.05). Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr prevented (p<0.05) decrease in GE vs. Cis rats. Cis decreased (p<0.05) gastric responsiveness in vitro vs. saline. Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr prevented this phenomenon. Cis treatment increase MAP and decrease in HR (p<0.05) vs saline. Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr attenuated (p<0.05) both alterations. Cis increased sympathetic tone and decreased vagal tone and IHR (p<0.05) vs. the saline. Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr prevented those effects vs. the Cis group. In conclusion, physical exercise and pyridostigmine treatment improves autonomic dysfunction and prevented GE delay and changes in hemodynamic parameters, baroreflex sensitivity, and cardiac autonomic control in cisplatin-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sousa Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Brenda Lois Barros Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lopes Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Henrique Lima Rocha
- Oncoclinics and Oncology Sector at the University Hospital, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Paulo Jacob Sabino
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Armenio Aguiar Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Moisés Tolentino Bento da Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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18
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Chen Z, Yu L. Fitness training programs for hypertensive patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1429-1430. [PMID: 33555674 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Chen
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Laikang Yu
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China -
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19
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Peng Y, Su Y, Wang YD, Yuan LR, Wang R, Dai JS. Effects of regular dance therapy intervention on blood pressure in hypertension individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:301-309. [PMID: 32734755 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dance therapy is a non-conventional aerobic exercise in cardiovascular rehabilitation. This meta-analysis aimed to update and assess evidence from randomized controlled trials of dance therapy on patients with hypertension. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed, web of science, EBSCO, EMBESE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases in English or Chinese were searched and randomized controlled trials were conducted for this meta-analysis to investigate the effects of dance therapy on blood pressure in hypertension patients. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 test. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Five studies were included according to the eligibility criteria. Dance therapy could significantly reduce the systolic/diastolic pressure of hypertension individuals (SBP:WMD -11.07mmHg; 95%CI, -14.3 to -8.12mmHg, P<0.00001;DBP:WMD-4.16mmHg;95% CI, -6.44to-1.88mmHg, P=0.0004) when compared with the control group. low heterogeneity was observed in this research (P=0.65; I2=0% to SBP; P=0.57; I2 =0% to DBP). Subgroup analysis results showed that the subgroup of less than 12 weeks intervention group reduce the blood pressure more than those of 12 weeks intervention. Dance therapies reduce the SPB of hypertension individuals in African region better than Europe and America hypertension population. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limited number of studies and people involved, the meta-analysis further demonstrated that dance therapy could reduce SBP and DBP in patients with hypertension. The effect of dance therapy intervention on hypertension might be related to duration of intervention and population gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- The Center of Scientific Experiment, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China.,Department of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Su
- College of Sport Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Di Wang
- College of Sport Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Rong Yuan
- College of Wushu and Arts, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Sport Rehabilitation Hospital, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Song Dai
- College of Sport Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China -
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20
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Antihypertensive effects of allicin on spontaneously hypertensive rats via vasorelaxation and hydrogen sulfide mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110240. [PMID: 32480217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allicin, the principle active constituent in garlic, has been reported to have antihypertensive effects on drug-induced hypertension or renal hypertension in rats, but reports on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are rare. Allicin is comprised of a variety of sulfur-containing compounds, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to have specific vasomotor effects. We therefore hypothesize that allicin may exert a vasorelaxant activity by inducing H2S production, and this eventually result in a reduction in blood pressure in SHRs. METHODS The in vivo antihypertensive effect of allicin was assessed using a tail-cuff method on SHRs. The in vitro vasorelaxant effect and in-depth mechanisms of allicin were explored on rat mesenteric arterial rings (RMARs) isolated from SD rats. RESULTS In the in vivo study, administration of allicin (7 mg/kg and 14 mg/kg, 4 weeks, i.g) dramatically decreased the blood pressure in SHRs, which was also shown to be attenuated by H2S synthase inhibitor (PAG, 32 mg/kg, i.g). In in vitro studies, allicin (2.50-15.77 mM) produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation on RMARs, which was obviously reduced by preincubation with PAG. The removal of endothelium led to a decline in allicin's vasorelaxation, which was almost completely mitigated when treatment was followed with PAG. Inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGI2) pathways separately suppressed the vasorelaxation induced by allicin to a certain degree. When the RMARs incubated with PAG were treated with or without the above inhibitors in separate groups, the relaxations caused by allicin were almost identical under both these conditions. Moreover, allicin treatment increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels (downstream products of NO and PGI2 pathways), which was decreased by PAG. Additionally, allicin increased the acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) -mediated relaxation, which was unaffected by PAG. CONCLUSION Allicin exhibits a potent antihypertensive effect through vasodilatory properties and H2S mechanisms. Moreover, the vasodilation of allicin is partially dependent on endothelium. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation of allicin is mediated by the NO-sGC-cGMP, PGI2-AC-cAMP and EDHF pathways, of which H2S participates in the first two but not the third one. The endothelium independent vasodilation can be predominantly attributed to H2S production.
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Gambardella J, Morelli MB, Wang XJ, Santulli G. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity in hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:291-295. [PMID: 31955526 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), The "Norman Fleischer" Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), The "Norman Fleischer" Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Xu-Jun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), The "Norman Fleischer" Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), The "Norman Fleischer" Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
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22
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Kerola T, Dewland TA, Vittinghoff E, Heckbert SR, Stein PK, Marcus GM. Modifiable Predictors of Ventricular Ectopy in the Community. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010078. [PMID: 30571495 PMCID: PMC6404438 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) predict heart failure and death. Data regarding modifiable risk factors for PVCs are scarce. Methods and Results We studied 1424 Cardiovascular Health Study participants randomly assigned to 24‐hour Holter monitoring. Demographics, comorbidities, habits, and echocardiographic measurements were examined as predictors of PVC frequency and, among 845 participants, change in PVC frequency 5 years later. Participants exhibited a median of 0.6 (interquartile range, 0.1–7.1) PVCs per hour. Of the more directly modifiable characteristics and after multivariable adjustment, every SD increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with 9% more PVCs (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%–17%; P=0.01), regularly performing no or low‐intensity exercise compared with more physical activity was associated with ≈15% more PVCs (95% CI, 3–25%; P=0.02), and those with a history of smoking exhibited an average of 18% more PVCs (95% CI, 3–36%; P=0.02) than did never smokers. After 5 years, PVC frequency increased from a median of 0.5 (IQR, 0.1–4.7) to 1.2 (IQR, 0.1–13.8) per hour (P<0.0001). Directly modifiable predictors of 5‐year increase in PVCs, described as the odds per each quintile increase in PVCs, included increased diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02–1.31; P=0.02) and a history of smoking (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.68; P=0.04). Conclusions Enhancing physical activity, smoking cessation, and aggressive control of blood pressure may represent fruitful strategies to mitigate PVC frequency and PVC‐associated adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Kerola
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Thomas A Dewland
- 3 Knight Cardiovascular Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- 4 Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Phyllis K Stein
- 5 HRV Lab School of Medicine Washington University Saint Louis MO
| | - Gregory M Marcus
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section University of California San Francisco CA
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Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S, Izquierdo M, Kraemer WJ, Peterson MD, Ryan ED. Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2019-2052. [PMID: 31343601 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fragala, MS, Cadore, EL, Dorgo, S, Izquierdo, M, Kraemer, WJ, Peterson, MD, and Ryan, ED. Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2019-2052, 2019-Aging, even in the absence of chronic disease, is associated with a variety of biological changes that can contribute to decreases in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. Such losses decrease physiologic resilience and increase vulnerability to catastrophic events. As such, strategies for both prevention and treatment are necessary for the health and well-being of older adults. The purpose of this Position Statement is to provide an overview of the current and relevant literature and provide evidence-based recommendations for resistance training for older adults. As presented in this Position Statement, current research has demonstrated that countering muscle disuse through resistance training is a powerful intervention to combat the loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, physiological vulnerability, and their debilitating consequences on physical functioning, mobility, independence, chronic disease management, psychological well-being, quality of life, and healthy life expectancy. This Position Statement provides evidence to support recommendations for successful resistance training in older adults related to 4 parts: (a) program design variables, (b) physiological adaptations, (c) functional benefits, and (d) considerations for frailty, sarcopenia, and other chronic conditions. The goal of this Position Statement is to a) help foster a more unified and holistic approach to resistance training for older adults, b) promote the health and functional benefits of resistance training for older adults, and c) prevent or minimize fears and other barriers to implementation of resistance training programs for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandor Dorgo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan-Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Rêgo ML, Cabral DA, Costa EC, Fontes EB. Physical Exercise for Individuals with Hypertension: It Is Time to Emphasize its Benefits on the Brain and Cognition. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2019; 13:1179546819839411. [PMID: 30967748 PMCID: PMC6444761 DOI: 10.1177/1179546819839411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects more than 40% of adults worldwide and is associated with
stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases.
It has also been shown to cause severe functional and structural damage to the
brain, leading to cognitive impairment and dementia. Furthermore, it is believed
that these cognitive impairments affect the mental ability to maintain
productivity at work, ultimately causing social and economic problems. Because
hypertension is a chronic condition that requires clinical treatment, strategies
with fewer side effects and less-invasive procedures are needed. Physical
exercise (PE) has proven to be an efficient and complementary tool for
hypertension management, and its peripheral benefits have been widely supported
by related studies. However, few studies have specifically examined the
potential positive effects of PE on the brain in hypertensive individuals. This
narrative review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms that hypertension
promotes in the brain, and suggests PE as an important tool to prevent and
reduce cognitive damage caused by hypertension. We also provide PE
recommendations for hypertensive individuals, as well as suggestions for
promoting PE as a method for increasing cognitive abilities in the brain,
particularly for hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lm Rêgo
- NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ar Cabral
- NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- GPEACE-Research Group on Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Fontes
- NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
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25
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Onishi H, Sakata O. Absorption behavior of etilefrine after buccal administration in rats. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Foundation of algorithm of medical and psychological support of adolescents with primary arterial hypertension. Fam Med 2018. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.3.2018.146348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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