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Abstract
The low regenerative potential of the human body hinders proper regeneration of dysfunctional or lost tissues and organs due to trauma, congenital defects, and diseases. Tissue or organ transplantation has hence been a major conventional option for replacing the diseased or dysfunctional body parts of the patients. In fact, a great number of patients on waiting lists would benefit tremendously if tissue and organs could be replaced with biomimetic spare parts on demand. Herein, regenerative medicine and advanced biomaterials strive to reach this distant goal. Tissue engineering aims to create new biological tissue or organ substitutes, and promote regeneration of damaged or diseased tissue and organs. This approach has been jointly evolving with the major advances in biomaterials, stem cells, and additive manufacturing technologies. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting utilizes 3D printing to fabricate viable tissue-like structures (perhaps organs in the future) using bioinks composed of special hydrogels, cells, growth factors, and other bioactive contents. A third generation of multifunctional biomaterials could also show opportunities for building biomimetic scaffolds, upon which to regenerate stem cells in vivo. Besides, decellularization technology based on isolation of extracellular matrix of tissue and organs from their inhabiting cells is presented as an alternative to synthetic biomaterials. Today, the gained knowledge of functional microtissue engineering and biointerfaces, along with the remarkable advances in pluripotent stem cell technology, seems to be instrumental for the development of more realistic microphysiological 3D in vitro tissue models, which can be utilized for personalized disease modeling and drug development. This chapter will discuss the recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and biomaterials, alongside challenges, limitations, and potentials of the current technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükran Şeker
- Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Ankara University Faculty of Science, Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey.
- Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
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Kang MS, Kwon M, Lee SH, Kim WH, Lee GW, Jo HJ, Kim B, Yang SY, Kim KS, Han DW. 3D printing of skin equivalents with hair follicle structures and epidermal-papillary-dermal layers using gelatin/hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200620. [PMID: 35866189 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies enabled the fabrication of sophisticated live 3D tissue analogs. Although various hydrogel-based bioink has been reported, the development of advanced bioink materials that can reproduce the composition of native extracellular matrix (ECM) accurately and mimic the intrinsic property of laden cells is still challenging. In this work, 3D printed skin equivalents incorporating hair follicle structures and epidermal-papillary-dermal layers are fabricated with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) MA (HAMA) hydrogel (GelMA/HAMA) bioink. The composition of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of native skin was recapitulated by adjusting the combination of GelMA and HAMA. The GelMA/HAMA bioink was proven to have excellent viscoelastic and physicochemical properties, 3D printability, cytocompatibility, and functionality to maintain the hair inductive potency and facilitated spontaneous hair pore development. Overall, we suggest that the GelMA/HAMA hydrogels can be promising candidates as bioinks for the 3D printing of skin equivalents with epidermal-papillary-dermal multi-layers and hair follicle structures, and they might serve as a useful model in skin tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sung Kang
- Pusan National University, Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Mina Kwon
- Pusan National University, School of Chemical Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Seok Hyun Lee
- Pusan National University, Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Won-Hyeon Kim
- Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Dental Life Science Research Institute, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Gyeong Won Lee
- Pusan National University - Milyang Campus, Biomaterials Science, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hyo Jung Jo
- Pusan National University, Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Bongju Kim
- Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Dental Life Science Research Institute, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Pusan National University - Milyang Campus, Biomaterials Science, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Ki Su Kim
- Pusan National University, School of Chemical Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Pusan National University, Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea, 46241, Busan, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Ergun C, Parmaksiz M, Vurat MT, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Decellularized liver ECM-based 3D scaffolds: Compositional, physical, chemical, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and in vitro biological evaluations. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 200:110-123. [PMID: 34971643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in many critical cellular interactions through its biological macromolecules. In this study, a macroporous 3D scaffold originating from decellularized bovine liver ECM (dL-ECM), with defined compositional, physical, chemical, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and in vitro biological properties was developed. First, protocols were determined that effectively remove cells and DNA while ECM retains biological macromolecules collagen, elastin, sGAGs in tissue. Rheological analysis revealed the elastic properties of pepsin-digested dL-ECM. Then, dL-ECM hydrogel was neutralized, molded, formed into macroporous (~100-200 μm) scaffolds in aqueous medium at 37 °C, and lyophilized. The scaffolds had water retention ability, and were mechanically stable for at least 14 days in the culture medium. The findings also showed that increasing the dL-ECM concentration from 10 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL resulted in a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the scaffolds. The hemolysis test revealed high in vitro hemocompatibility of the dL-ECM scaffolds. Studies investigating the viability and proliferation status of human adipose stem cells seeded over a 2-week culture period have demonstrated the suitability of dL-ECM scaffolds as a cell substrate. Prospective studies may reveal the extent to which 3D dL-ECM sponges have the potential to create a biomimetic environment for cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ergun
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Parmaksiz
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Taner Vurat
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey; Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Zuo Q, Wang Q, Li Z, Yan K, Yuan T, Zhang Y, Shen K, Xie R, Fan W. 3D Bioprinting of Biomimetic Bilayered Scaffold Consisting of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix and Silk Fibroin for Osteochondral Repair. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:401. [PMID: 34825099 PMCID: PMC8611412 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology is becoming an appealing approach for osteochondral repair. However, it is challenging to develop a bilayered scaffold with anisotropic structural properties to mimic a native osteochondral tissue. Herein, we developed a bioink consisting of decellularized extracellular matrix and silk fibroin to print the bilayered scaffold. The bilayered scaffold mimics the natural osteochondral tissue by controlling the composition, mechanical properties, and growth factor release in each layer of the scaffold. The in vitro results show that each layer of scaffolds had a suitable mechanical strength and degradation rate. Furthermore, the scaffolds encapsulating transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can act as a controlled release system and promote directed differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments suggested that the scaffolds loaded with growth factors promoted osteochondral regeneration in the rabbit knee joint model. Consequently, the biomimetic bilayered scaffold loaded with TGF-β and BMP-2 would be a promising strategy for osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Vurat MT, Şeker Ş, Lalegül-Ülker Ö, Parmaksiz M, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Development of a multicellular 3D-bioprinted microtissue model of human periodontal ligament-alveolar bone biointerface: Towards a pre-clinical model of periodontal diseases and personalized periodontal tissue engineering. Genes Dis 2020; 9:1008-1023. [PMID: 35685479 PMCID: PMC9170773 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While periodontal (PD) disease is among principal causes of tooth loss worldwide, regulation of concomitant soft and mineralized PD tissues, and PD pathogenesis have not been completely clarified yet. Besides, relevant pre-clinical models and in vitro platforms have limitations in simulating human physiology. Here, we have harnessed three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP) technology for developing a multi-cellular microtissue model resembling PD ligament-alveolar bone (PDL-AB) biointerface for the first time. 3DBP parameters were optimized; the physical, chemical, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the constructs were assessed. Constructs containing gelatin methacryloyl (Gel-MA) and hydroxyapatite-magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles showed higher level of compressive strength when compared with that of Gel-MA constructs. Bioprinted self-supporting microtissue was cultured under flow in a microfluidic platform for >10 days without significant loss of shape fidelity. Confocal microscopy analysis indicated that encapsulated cells were homogenously distributed inside the matrix and preserved their viability for >7 days under microfluidic conditions. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the cohesion of stromal cell surface marker-1+ human PDL fibroblasts containing PDL layer with the osteocalcin+ human osteoblasts containing mineralized layer in time, demonstrating some permeability of the printed constructs to cell migration. Preliminary tetracycline interaction study indicated the uptake of model drug by the cells inside the 3D-microtissue. Also, the non-toxic levels of tetracycline were determined for the encapsulated cells. Thus, the effects of tetracyclines on PDL-AB have clinical significance for treating PD diseases. This 3D-bioprinted multi-cellular periodontal/osteoblastic microtissue model has potential as an in vitro platform for studying processes of the human PDL.
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