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Baucher M, Moussawi J, Vandeputte OM, Monteyne D, Mol A, Pérez-Morga D, El Jaziri M. A role for the miR396/GRF network in specification of organ type during flower development, as supported by ectopic expression of Populus trichocarpa miR396c in transgenic tobacco. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:892-8. [PMID: 23173976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The MIR396 family, composed of ath-miR396a and ath-miR396b in Arabidopsis, is conserved among plant species and is known to target the Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) gene family. ath-miR396 overexpressors or grf mutants are characterised by small and narrow leaves and show embryogenic defects such as cotyledon fusion. Heterologous expression of ath-miR396a has been reported in tobacco and resulted in reduction of the expression of three NtGRF genes. In this study, the precursor of the Populus trichocarpa ptc-miR396c, with a mature sequence identical to ath-miR396b, was expressed under control of the CaMV35S promoter in tobacco. Typical phenotypes of GRF down-regulation were observed, including cotyledon fusion and lack of shoot apical meristem (SAM). At later stage of growth, transgenic plants had delayed development and altered specification of organ type during flower development. The third and fourth whorls of floral organs were modified into stigmatoid anthers and fasciated carpels, respectively. Several NtGRF genes containing a miR396 binding site were found to be down-regulated, and the cleavage of their corresponding mRNA at the miR396 binding site was confirmed for two of them using RACE-PCR analysis. The data obtained agree with the functional conservation of the miR396 family in plants and suggest a role for the miR396/GRF network in determination of floral organ specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.
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Leino M, Teixeira R, Landgren M, Glimelius K. Brassica napus lines with rearranged Arabidopsis mitochondria display CMS and a range of developmental aberrations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 106:1156-1163. [PMID: 12748764 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2002] [Accepted: 09/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous Brassica napus (+) Arabidopsis thaliana somatic hybrids were screened for male sterility and aberrant flower phenotypes. Nine hybrids were selected and backcrossed recurrently to B. napus. The resulting lines displayed stable maternal inheritance of flower phenotypes. Nuclear and organellar genomes were characterized molecularly using RFLP analysis. No DNA from A. thaliana was found in the nuclear genome after six back-crosses, whilst the mitochondrial genomes contained rearranged DNA from both A. thaliana and B. napus. Each line tested had a unique RFLP pattern of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that remained unchanged between the BC(3) and BC(6) generation. The plastid genomes consisted of B. napus DNA. Five lines of the BC(5) generation were subjected to more comprehensive investigations of growth, morphology and fertility. On the basis of these investigations, the five CMS lines could be assigned to two groups, one represented by three lines displaying reduced vegetative development, complete male sterility, and homeotic conversions of stamens into feminized structures. The second group, represented by the other two lines, were not completely male-sterile but still displayed severely affected flower morphologies. These two lines did not display any reduction in vegetative development. For both groups only stamens and petals suffered from the morphological and functional aberrations, while the sepals and pistils displayed normal morphology. All plants were fully female-fertile. Different rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome disturbed nuclear-mitochondrial interactions and led to various types of aberrant growth and flower development. The existence of numerous CMS lines with different mitochondrial patterns involving a species with a sequenced genome offers new opportunities to investigate the genetic regulation of CMS and its associated developmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leino
- Department of Plant Biology, Box 7080, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bergman P, Kofer W, Håkansson G, Glimelius K. A chimeric and truncated mitochondrial atpA gene is transcribed in alloplasmic cytoplasmic male-sterile tobacco with Nicotiana bigelovii mitochondria. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1995; 91:603-610. [PMID: 24169887 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/1995] [Accepted: 02/24/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplast fusions were performed between two sexually produced alloplasmic male-sterile tobacco cultivars, with cytoplasms from Nicotiana bigelovii [Nta (big)S] and N. undulata[Nta(und)S], both of which exhibit homeotic-like phenotypes affecting the petal and stamen whorls. Among the fusion products obtained, both novel male-sterile and pollen-producing cybrid plants were identified. Of the pollen-producing cybrid plants, all of which were indehiscent, some had flowers with stamens that appeared normal when compared to male-fertile tobacco plants. Other hybrid plants were incompletely restored as they exhibited petaloid structures on the anther-bearing pollen-producing stamens. In this study, gel-blot analyses with mitochondrial geneprobes were conducted comparing the mitochondrial DNA of cybrids and male-sterile parents. It was found that the flower morphology typical of the Nta(big)S parental plants, as well as of the novel male-sterile cybrids, coincided with the presence of a chimeric atpA gene copy where an open reading frame of unknown origin was found to be linked in-frame to the 3'-end of a truncated atpA gene. RNA gel-blot hybridizations revealed the presence of atpA transcripts in the malesterile parent Nta(big)S and novel male-sterile cybrids, but which were absent in cybrids capable of pollen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bergman
- Department of Plant Breeding Research, Uppsala Genetic Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7003, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Spangenberg G, P�rez Vicente R, Oliveira MM, Osusky M, Nagel J, Pais MS, Potrykus I. CMS system inNicotiana: flower development, patterns of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial gene expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00714554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kofer W, Glimelius K, Bonnett HT. Restoration of normal stamen development and pollen formation by fusion of different cytoplasmic male-sterile cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 81:390-396. [PMID: 24221270 DOI: 10.1007/bf00228681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/1990] [Accepted: 07/25/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusion of two cytoplasmic male-sterile cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum, one with N. bigelovii cytoplasm and one with N. undulata cytoplasm, resulted in the restoration of male fertility in cybrid plants. All male-fertile cybrids exhibited fused corollas, which is characteristic for the cultivar with N. undulata cytoplasm, while their stamen structures varied from cybrid to cybrid, some producing stamens with anthers fused to petal-like appendages and one producing stamens of a normal appearance for N. tabacum. Restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial DNA showed that mitochondrial DNA of the fertile cybrids was more similar to the male-sterile cultivar with the cytoplasm of N. undulata than to the cultivar with N. bigelovii cytoplasm. Some restriction fragments were unique to the male-fertile cybrids. Comparisons between stamen structure and mitochondrial DNA for eight fertile progeny from one cybrid plant led to the identification of several restriction fragments that appeared at enhanced levels in connection with normal stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kofer
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, OR, USA
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Derks FH, Wijbrandi J, Koornneef M, Colijn-Hooymans CM. Organelle analysis of symmetric and asymmetric hybrids between Lycopersicon peruvianum and Lycopersicon esculentum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 81:199-204. [PMID: 24221203 DOI: 10.1007/bf00215723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1990] [Accepted: 08/07/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of somatic hybrids obtained from symmetric and asymmetric fusions between the Lycopersicon species L. peruvianum and L. esculentum were analyzed by DNA hybridization methods. In the asymmetric fusions the L. peruvianum protoplasts were gamma-irradiated at a dose of 50, 300 and 1,000 Gy. The organelles were characterized using the Petunia chloroplast probe pPCY64 and the mitochondrial EcoRI-SalI fragment of the Pcf gene. In all symmetric and asymmetric hybrid plants, a total of 73 being analyzed, only one of the parental chloroplast genomes was present, except for one hybrid plant which harbored both parental chloroplast genomes. No recombination and/or rearrangement in the chloroplast genome could be identified with the pPCY64 probe. Irradiation of the L. peruvianum protoplasts did not significantly reduce the fraction of asymmetric hybrids with L. peruvianum chloroplasts. A novel mitochondrial restriction pattern was present in 5 out of 24 hybrids tested. In 9 hybrids novel combinations of chloroplasts and mitochondria were found, indicating that both organelle types sorted out independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Derks
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Plant Breeding Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cytogenetic Evolution and Aneuploidy in Nicotiana* *Paper No. 10844 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Reseach Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7643, USA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-88260-8.50031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Spangenberg G, Osusky M, Oliveira MM, Freydl E, Nagel J, Pais MS, Potrykus I. Somatic hybridization by microfusion of defined protoplast pairs in Nicotiana: morphological, genetic, and molecular characterization. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 80:577-587. [PMID: 24221062 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/1990] [Accepted: 06/09/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Somatic hybrid/cybrid plants were obtained by microfusion of defined protoplast pairs from malefertile, streptomycin-resistant Nicotiana tabacum and cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms), streptomycin-sensitive N. tabacum cms (N. bigelovii) after microculture of recovered fusants. Genetic and molecular characterization of the organelle composition of 30 somatic hybrid/cybrid plants was performed. The fate of chloroplasts was assessed by an in vivo assay for streptomycin resistance/ sensitivity using leaf explants (R0 generation and R1 seedlings). For the analysis of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA, species-specific patterns were generated by Southern hybridization of restriction endonuclease digests of total DNA and mtDNA, with three DNA probes of N. sylvestris mitochondrial origin. In addition, detailed histological and scanning electron microscopy studies on flower ontogeny were performed for representative somatic hybrids/cybrids showing interesting flower morphology. The present study demonstrates that electrofusion of individually selected pairs of protoplasts (microfusion) can be used for the controlled somatic hybridization of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spangenberg
- Institute for Plant Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Kofer W, Glimelius K, Bonnett HT. Modifications of floral development in tobacco induced by fusion of protoplasts of different male-sterile cultivars. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 79:97-102. [PMID: 24226126 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/1989] [Accepted: 08/30/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts derived from different cytoplasmic male-sterile cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum were fused. Nearly 200 cybrid calli were regenerated into plants and their flower morphologies were examined. Most cybrids exhibited parental-type male-sterile morphologies. Some, however, showed novel male-sterile phenotypes or phenotypes which combined traits of both male-sterile parents in a new combination. Others were restored to fertility, with stamens which produced functional pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kofer
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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Aviv D, Galun E. Chondriome analysis in sexual progenies of Nicotiana cybrids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1987; 73:821-826. [PMID: 24241290 DOI: 10.1007/bf00289385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/1986] [Accepted: 11/25/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the chondriomes (the mitochondrial genomes) of sexual-progeny plants derived from eleven Nicotiana cybrids which resulted from donor-recipient protoplast fusions. The recipients were either N. tabacum or N. sylvestris and the donor (of the cytoplasm) was N. bigelovii. The chondriomes were characterized by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-patterns. The differences in mtDNA restriction patterns were revealed after Sal I digestions and probing the respective Southern-blots with three mtDNA fragments. The hybridization patterns of mtDNAs from 35 second-generation plants (i.e. the sexual progeny derived from the cybrid plants) indicated only minor variations between plants derived from the same cybrid but pronounced variations among sibs derived from different cybrids. The mtDNA of 32 second-generation plants varied from both original fusion partners but the mtDNA of one (male-sterile) plant was apparently identical with the mtDNA of one of the original donor (N. bigelovii) and the mtDNA of two other (male-fertile) plants was apparently identical to the mtDNA of an original recipient (N. sylvestris). Generally, the mtDNAs of male-fertile, second-generation plants were similar to the mtDNAs of the original recipients while the mtDNAs of the male-sterile second-generation plants were similar to the mtDNA of the donor (N. begelovii). The analyses of mtDNAs from the thirdgeneration plants indicated stabilization of the chondriomes; no variations were detected between the mtDNAs of plants derived from a given second-generation plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aviv
- Department of Plant Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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