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Wen HQ, Li YS, Tian T, Yu HQ. The neglected ammonia leaching calcium in anaerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 21:100200. [PMID: 38098884 PMCID: PMC10719569 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches have primarily emphasized the deleterious impacts of NH4+ on anaerobic granular sludge due to its biotoxicity. Despite this, the role of NH4+ as a monovalent cation in leaching multivalent Ca2+, thereby hindering granule formation and undermining its stability, remains underappreciated. This study investigated the potential of NH4+ to leach Ca2+ from anaerobic granular sludges. The results indicated that a shock loading of NH4+ at a concentration of 900 mg/L caused a Ca2+ leaching of 57.1 mg/L at pH 7.0. In an acidified environment (pH 5.0), the shock loading resulted in a Ca2+ release of 127.3 mg/L, a magnitude 5.24 times greater than the control group. The leaching process modestly affected granular sludge activity and size but markedly compromised granular strength due to calcium loss. Subsequent to the NH4+ shock, the granular strength manifested a significant reduction, as evidenced by a 15-fold increase in protein release from the granules compared to the intact ones. Additionally, NH4+ shock altered the calcium partitioning within the granular sludge, resulting in a decrease in residual calcium and a concomitant increase in bound calcium, further affecting granular strength. This study underscores the overlooked significant phenomenon of NH4+ shock-leaching Ca2+ in anaerobic granular sludge, which warrants significant attention given to its rapid and deleterious effects on granular strength and the shift in calcium state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Quan Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Wang J, Li Z, Wang Q, Chen X, Lei Z, Shimizu K, Zhang Z, Adachi Y, Lee DJ. Revealing calcium ion behavior during anaerobic phosphorus release process in aerobic granular sludge system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128474. [PMID: 36509303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are important for biological phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater, but its behavior has not been well documented during the anaerobic P release process. This study is aimed to explore the mechanisms of Ca2+ release in bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system. During the non-aeration (anaerobic) phase, nearly 40 % increase in Ca2+ concentration was detected at the bottom of AGS reactor where decrease in pH and increase in Mg2+ concentration occurred. The pH decrease due to anaerobic P release caused CaCO3 dissolution inside the granules, leading to Ca2+ release. In addition, the increased Mg2+ ions from hydrolysis of polyphosphates were detected to reversibly exchange with Ca2+ in granules at a molar ΔCa/ΔMg ratio of 0.51-0.65. Results from this work revealed that dissolution of CaCO3 and ions exchange between Ca2+ and Mg2+ were the two major contributors to Ca2+ release during anaerobic P release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zejiao Li
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Adachi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
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Zhang M, Shi E, Li Y. Modeling interspecific competition of the microbial community during anaerobic digestion based on cellular automata and ADM1. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2087-2099. [PMID: 33989178 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific competition for substrate and space gives rise to considerable variation in biomass distribution within the microbial community. To study microbial community in depth, we used several research methods as sampling and analytical measurements, and developed a cellular automata (CA) model that would facilitate a description of the microbial growth process based on Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) of the International Water Association (IWA). Using the CA model, we aimed to determine whether interspecific competition occurs among acidogens, acetogens and methanogens, and to examine the influence of interspecific competition on the spatial structure of microbial communities. We found that acetogens and methanogens competed for core space, resulting in a multi-layer structure. Butyrate-degrading acetogens increased in number, resulting in inhibition of propionate-degrading acetogens. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens showed stronger competitive advantage than acetotrophic methanogens. The simulation showed that the multi-layer structure of the microbial community was formed by interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - En Shi
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China E-mail:
| | - Yafeng Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China E-mail:
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Suresh A, Grygolowicz-Pawlak E, Pathak S, Poh LS, Abdul Majid MB, Dominiak D, Bugge TV, Gao X, Ng WJ. Understanding and optimization of the flocculation process in biological wastewater treatment processes: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:401-416. [PMID: 30015131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the operation of biological wastewater treatment processes, fast sludge settling during liquid-solids disengagement is preferred as it affects effluent quality, treatment efficiency and plant operation economy. An important property of fast settling biological sludge is the ability to spontaneously form big and dense flocs (flocculation) that readily separates from water. Therefore, there had been much research to study the conditions that promote biological sludge flocculation. However, reported findings have often been inconsistent and this has possibly been due to the complex nature of the biological flocculation process. Thus, it has been challenging for wastewater treatment plant operators to extract practical information from the literature. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of understanding of the factors that affect sludge flocculation so that evaluation of such information can be facilitated and strategize for intervention in the sludge flocculation and deflocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaykumar Suresh
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Ewa Grygolowicz-Pawlak
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Santosh Pathak
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Leong Soon Poh
- Environmental Bio-innovations Group (EBiG), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Maszenan Bin Abdul Majid
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Dominik Dominiak
- Grundfos Holding A/S, Poul Due Jensens Vej 7, DK-8850 Bjerringbro, Denmark
| | | | - Xin Gao
- Grundfos (Singapore) Pte Ltd, 25 Jalan Tukang, Singapore 619264
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798; Environmental Bio-innovations Group (EBiG), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
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Macarie H, Esquivel M, Laguna A, Baron O, El Mamouni R, Guiot SR, Monroy O. Strategy to identify the causes and to solve a sludge granulation problem in methanogenic reactors: application to a full-scale plant treating cheese wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21318-21331. [PMID: 28842799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Granulation of biomass is at the basis of the operation of the most successful anaerobic systems (UASB, EGSB and IC reactors) applied worldwide for wastewater treatment. Despite of decades of studies of the biomass granulation process, it is still not fully understood and controlled. "Degranulation/lack of granulation" is a problem that occurs sometimes in anaerobic systems resulting often in heavy loss of biomass and poor treatment efficiencies or even complete reactor failure. Such a problem occurred in Mexico in two full-scale UASB reactors treating cheese wastewater. A close follow-up of the plant was performed to try to identify the factors responsible for the phenomenon. Basically, the list of possible causes to a granulation problem that were investigated can be classified amongst nutritional, i.e. related to wastewater composition (e.g. deficiency or excess of macronutrients or micronutrients, too high COD proportion due to proteins or volatile fatty acids, high ammonium, sulphate or fat concentrations), operational (excessive loading rate, sub- or over-optimal water upflow velocity) and structural (poor hydraulic design of the plant). Despite of an intensive search, the causes of the granulation problems could not be identified. The present case remains however an example of the strategy that must be followed to identify these causes and could be used as a guide for plant operators or consultants who are confronted with a similar situation independently of the type of wastewater. According to a large literature based on successful experiments at lab scale, an attempt to artificially granulate the industrial reactor biomass through the dosage of a cationic polymer was also tested but equally failed. Instead of promoting granulation, the dosage caused a heavy sludge flotation. This shows that the scaling of such a procedure from lab to real scale cannot be advised right away unless its operability at such a scale can be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Macarie
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
- Faculté des Sciences St-Jérôme, Aix Marseille Université, Case 421, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Maricela Esquivel
- Depto Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Acela Laguna
- Depto Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rachid El Mamouni
- National Research Council Canada, Royalmount Avenue, 6100, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Serge R Guiot
- National Research Council Canada, Royalmount Avenue, 6100, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Oscar Monroy
- Depto Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hendriks A, van Lier J, de Kreuk M. Growth media in anaerobic fermentative processes: The underestimated potential of thermophilic fermentation and anaerobic digestion. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Release of Extracellular Polymeric Substance and Disintegration of Anaerobic Granular Sludge under Reduced Sulfur Compounds-Rich Conditions. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en8087968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lv Y, Chen Y, Song W, Hu Y. Enhanced selection of micro-aerobic pentachlorophenol degrading granular sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:134-142. [PMID: 25151236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Column-type combined reactors were designed to cultivate micro-aerobic pentachlorophenol (PCP) degrading granular sludge under oxygen-limited conditions (0.1-0.2 mgL(-1)) over 39-day experimental period. Micro-aerobic granular had both anaerobic activity (SMA: 2.34 mMCH4/hg VSS) and aerobic activity (SOUR: 2.21 mMO2/hg VSS). Metabolite analysis results revealed that PCP was sequentially dechlorinated to TCP, DCP, and eventually to MCP. Methanogens were not directly involved in the dechlorination of PCP, but might played a vital role in stabilizing the overall structure of the granule sludge. For Eubacteria, the Shannon Index (2.09 in inoculated granular sludge) increased both in micro-aerobic granular sludge (2.61) and PCP-degradation granular sludge (2.55). However, for Archaea, it decreased from 2.53 to 1.85 and 1.84, respectively. Although the Shannon Index demonstrated slight difference between micro-aerobic granular sludge and PCP-degradation granular sludge, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated obvious variance of the microbial composition, revealing significant effect of micro-aerobic condition and PCP on microbial community. Furthermore, nucleotide sequencing indicated that the main microorganisms for PCP degradation might be related to Actinobacterium and Sphingomonas. These results provided insights into situ bioremediation of environments contaminated by PCP and had practical implications for the strategies of PCP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancai Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yuancai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wenzhe Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongyou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Dunlap CA, Schisler DA. Characterization of the surface properties of wheat spikelet components grown under different regimens and the biocontrol yeast Cryptococcus flavescens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:809-815. [PMID: 24410183 DOI: 10.1021/jf404181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface properties play an important role in plant-microbe interactions and determine if microbial propagules adhere to the surface of a plant. Fusarium head blight is an important disease of wheat that is initiated by the pathogen colonizing the wheat head. To better understand how surface properties of wheat may affect disease development and spray applications, the surface properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spikelet components were characterized under different environmental growing regimes. In addition, the surface properties of the biocontrol yeast Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9, which has been shown to effective in managing Fusarium head blight, were characterized. Wheat samples grown in a greenhouse environment were compared with samples produced in the field for two wheat cultivars. The results show changes occurring in the surface energy parameters and estimates of roughness during this period between the two cultivars. In general, the greenhouse samples were more hydrophobic than those grown in the field. The surface properties of the biocontrol yeast C. flavescens OH 182.9 were determined from contact angles on microbial lawns and revealed the cells were hydrophobic with a free energy of aggregation of -86.3 mJ/m(2) in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
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10
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van der Waal SV, van der Sluis LWM. Potential of calcium to scaffold an endodontic biofilm, thus protecting the micro-organisms from disinfection. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:1-4. [PMID: 22537407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms in the root canal of a tooth (endodontic biofilm) can induce and sustain apical periodontitis which is an oral inflammatory disease. Still, little is known about the composition of the endodontic biofilm. Studies on biofilms in root canals focus on the identification of the microbial species, but the majority of the biofilm consists of matrix material. Environmental aspects determine the structure of the biofilm and extracellular matrix. Calcium is involved in biofilm formation and activity at three levels. Firstly in cell-environment; calcium may 'condition' the surfaces of support and bacterial cells. Secondly, in cell-cell interaction; calcium plays a role in build up of biofilm structures. Typically, calcium ions act as 'cation bridges' between polysaccharides originating from different cells. Thirdly, within cells, calcium is required for certain biochemical reactions in bacteria and some bacterial physiological activities. Because calcium is present in the root canal, it could play a significant role in the organization of the biofilm. Chelators, already used in endodontics to remove the smear layer by disintegration of the structural cohesion calcium bonds, could weaken the biofilm matrix by removing calcium from the extracellular matrix thus disturbing its coherence. Subsequently, this disruption could increase the efficacy of disinfecting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette V van der Waal
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Conservative & Preventive Dentistry, Room 13N-15, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Ren TT, Liu L, Sheng GP, Liu XW, Yu HQ, Zhang MC, Zhu JR. Calcium spatial distribution in aerobic granules and its effects on granule structure, strength and bioactivity. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:3343-3352. [PMID: 18514253 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-rich aerobic granules were cultivated after 3-month operation. The chemical form and spatial distribution of calcium in the granules and their physicochemical characteristics were explored. Examination with a scanning electron microscope combined energy dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX) shows that Ca was mainly accumulated in the core of the granules. CaCO(3) was found to be the main calcium precipitate in the granules. The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis shows that the cells were crowded in the outer layer and gathered in clusters. Compared with the granules without Ca accumulation, the Ca-rich granules had more rigid structure and a higher strength. However, their specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) reduced after the Ca accumulation inside them. Comparison between the SOUR values of the granules with and without Ca accumulation suggests that Ca accumulated in the aerobic granules might have a negative effect on their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Wawrzynczyk J, Recktenwald M, Norrlöw O, Dey ES. The function of cation-binding agents in the enzymatic treatment of municipal sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:1555-1562. [PMID: 18054984 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of sludge with enzymes has previously been shown to efficiently release organic matter. However, the added enzymes were partially adsorbed to, entrapped by or bound to the sludge structure. Simultaneous decrease of enzymes activities was observed. Reduced adsorption and more effective, lower, enzyme dose was achieved in sludge pre-treated with three cation-binding agents. The enzymatic solubilisation of sludge was improved by 150%, 240% and 290%, by 50mM sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), 25mM citric acid (CA) or 50mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), respectively. With cation binders, the lower relative enzyme dose 0.2 (13.7mg/g total solids (TS)) released 3.5 times higher COD than enzyme dose 1 (68.5mg/g TS) alone. In the presence of 25mM CA, 75% added protease remained soluble. In the presence of 50mM CA, EDTA or STPP, 50% of alpha-amylase and cellulase remained soluble. At 200mM STPP, alpha-amylase was inactive, and the efficiency of enzymatic sludge hydrolysis decreased. CA was the most effective of the three cation-binding agents tested. It is biodegradable and can be produced endogenously by the microorganisms in sludge. CA has the greatest potential for the practical application to enhance biogas production. This paper reports on the possible mechanisms of enzymes adsorption to the sludge matrix and possible methods of decreasing the adsorption. We suggest that steric hindrances were responsible for the decreased enzymatic sludge solubilisation and that polyvalent metal ions were directly involved in adsorption of enzymes to sludge matrix. The addition of cation binders eliminated both phenomena and thereby improved the enzymatic solubilisation of sludge.
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14
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van Hullebusch ED, Gieteling J, Van Daele W, Defrancq J, Lens PN. Effect of sulfate and iron on physico-chemical characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Xavier JB, Picioreanu C, Rani SA, van Loosdrecht MCM, Stewart PS. Biofilm-control strategies based on enzymic disruption of the extracellular polymeric substance matrix – a modelling study. Microbiology (Reading) 2005; 151:3817-3832. [PMID: 16339929 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic model is proposed to assess the feasibility of strategies for the removal of biofilms by using substances that induce detachment by affecting the cohesiveness of the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The model uses a two-state description of the EPS (natural EPS and compromised EPS) to provide a unified representation of diverse mechanisms of action of detachment-promoting agents (DPAs), which include enzymes that degrade the EPS and other agents described in the literature. A biofilm-cohesiveness factor describes local increases in detachment rates resultant from losses in cohesive strength. The kinetic model was implemented in an individual-based biofilm-modelling framework, including detachment rates dependent on local cohesiveness. The efficacy of treatments with DPAs was assessed by three-dimensional model simulations. Changes in treatment efficacy were evaluated quantitatively by using a Thiele modulus, which quantifies the relationship between diffusion of the DPA through the biofilm matrix and DPA decay rate, and a Damköhler number relating the rate of EPS reaction with a DPA and the rate of EPS production by the micro-organisms in the biofilm. This study demonstrates the feasibility and limits of implementing biofilm-control strategies based on attacking the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao B Xavier
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
- Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980, USA
| | - Cristian Picioreanu
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Suriani Abdul Rani
- Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980, USA
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Philip S Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980, USA
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Liu Y, Tay JH. State of the art of biogranulation technology for wastewater treatment. Biotechnol Adv 2004; 22:533-63. [PMID: 15262316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biogranulation technology developed for wastewater treatment includes anaerobic and aerobic granulation processes. Anaerobic granulation is relatively well known, but research on aerobic granulation commenced only recently. Many full-scale anaerobic granular sludge units have been operated worldwide, but no report exists of similar units for aerobic granulation. This paper reviews the fundamentals and applications of biogranulation technology in wastewater treatment. Aspects discussed include the models of biogranulation, major factors influencing biogranulation, characteristics of biogranules, and their industrial applications. This review hopes to provide a platform for developing novel granules-based bioreactors and devising a unified interpretation of the formation of anaerobic and aerobic granules under various operation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Liu Y, Xu HL, Yang SF, Tay JH. Mechanisms and models for anaerobic granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2003; 37:661-673. [PMID: 12688701 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor has been employed in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment for decades. However, the long start-up period required for the development of anaerobic granules seriously limits the application of this technology. In order to develop the strategy for rapid UASB start-up, the mechanisms for anaerobic granulation should be understood. This paper attempts to provide a up-to-date review on the existing mechanisms and models for anaerobic granulation in the UASB reactor, which include inert nuclei model, selection pressure model, multi-valence positive ion-bonding model, synthetic and natural polymer-bonding model, Capetown's model, spaghetti theory, syntrophic microcolony model, multi-layer model, secondary minimum adhesion model, local dehydration and hydrophobic interaction model, surface tension model, proton translocation-dehydration theory, cellular automaton model and cell-to-cell communication model. Based on those previous works, a general model for anaerobic granulation is also proposed. It is expected that this paper would be helpful for researchers to further develop a unified theory for anaerobic granulation and technology for expediting the formation of the UASB granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Chang YJ, Nishio N, Nagai S. Characteristics of granular methanogenic sludge grown on phenol synthetic medium and methanogenic fermentation of phenolic wastewater in a UASB reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)93993-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chang YJ, Nishio N, Maruta H, Nagai S. Characteristics of granular methanogenic sludge grown on glucose in a UASB reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(93)90090-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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