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Fontana R, Mattioli LB, Biotti G, Budriesi R, Gotti R, Micucci M, Corazza I, Marconi P, Frosini M, Manfredini S, Buzzi R, Vertuani S. Magnolia officinalis L. bark extract and respiratory diseases: From traditional Chinese medicine to western medicine via network target. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36879409 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the use of Magnolia officinalis L. (Magnoliaceae) as a possible dietary supplement for supporting the treatment of airway pathologies might be of clinical interest. Two commercially available bark extracts (M. officinalis extract [MOE]) were characterized by quantitation in honokiol and magnolol content by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. MOE effects, as well as those of the reference compounds per se, on some targets connected to airway pathologies (antibacterial- and lung and trachea relaxing- activities) were investigated. Results showed that MOE possessed interesting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This was accompanied by a spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, possibly owing to its ability to concurrently modulate different targets such as H1 -, β2 - and muscarinic receptors and l-type calcium channels involved in bronchodilation. All these effects were directly related to the MOE content in honokiol and magnolol. In conclusion, the properties of MOE highlighted here strongly encourage its application as dietary supplement in the treatment of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fontana
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Heath Products, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Beatrice Mattioli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Biotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.,UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Heath Products, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raissa Buzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Heath Products, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Heath Products, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Schelegle ES. Functional morphology and physiology of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD. PART A, DISCOVERIES IN MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2003; 270:11-6. [PMID: 12494485 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since the original work by Hering and Breuer (1868) on slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs), numerous studies have demonstrated that these receptors are the lung vagal afferents responsible for eliciting the reflexes evoked by moderate lung inflation. SARs play a role in controlling breathing pattern, airway smooth muscle tone, systemic vascular resistance, and heart rate. Both anatomical and physiological studies support the contention that SARs, by their close association with airway smooth muscle, continuously sense the tension within the myoelastic components of the airways caused by lung inflation, smooth muscle contraction, and/or tethering of small intrapulmonary airways to the lung parenchyma. As a result, the receptor field location within the tracheobronchial tree of a SAR plays an important role in its discharge pattern, with variations in airway transluminal pressure and airway smooth muscle orientation being important modulating factors. The disruption of airway myoelastic components in various pulmonary diseases would be expected to alter the discharge pattern of SARs, and contribute to changes in breathing pattern and airway smooth muscle tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Schelegle
- Department of Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Schelegle ES, Green JF. An overview of the anatomy and physiology of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 125:17-31. [PMID: 11240150 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5687(00)00202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the original work of by Hering and Breuer in 1868 numerous studies have demonstrated that slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) are the lung vagal afferents responsible for eliciting the reflexes evoked by moderate lung inflation. SARs play a role in controlling breathing pattern, airway smooth muscle tone, systemic vascular resistance and heart rate. Both anatomical and physiological studies support the contention that SARs, by their close association with airway smooth muscle, continuously sense the tension within the myoelastic components of the airways caused by lung inflation, smooth muscle contraction and/or tethering of small intrapulmonary airways to the lung parenchyma. In addition, intrapulmonary SAR discharge activity is sensitive to changes in P(CO2) within the physiological range. Despite this extensive characterization of SARs, their role in determining breathing pattern and airway tone in individuals with respiratory diseases is only recently being appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Schelegle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Matsumoto S. Effects of vagal stimulation on slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors and lung mechanics in anesthetized rabbits. Lung 1996; 174:333-44. [PMID: 8843059 DOI: 10.1007/bf00176192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo preparation was designed to investigate the effect of vagus nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction on the relationship of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor (SAR) activity and lung mechanics. SAR activities were recorded from the left vagus nerve. The responses of SARs, total lung resistance (RL), and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) to electrical stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut right vagus nerve (10-15 V, 5-30 Hz, 0.2 ms) were examined before atropine and 5 and 10 min after atropine (2 mg/kg) in anesthetized, artificially ventilated, bilaterally vagotomized rabbits. In the time course profile during vagal stimulation, an increase in RL and a decrease in Cdyn occurred simultaneously, and these opposite changes were frequency dependent. The average responses of SAR activity, RL, and Cdyn to vagal stimulation became more pronounced as the frequencies of the stimulation were increased. The responses obtained during vagal stimulation (5-30 Hz) were blocked or diminished greatly by the administration of atropine. Repeated vagus nerve stimulation in the presence of atropine did not show any significant change in SAR activity and lung mechanics. These results suggest that changes of SAR activity, RL, and Cdyn induced by vagal stimulation occur as a result of smooth muscle contraction in the airways, which is mediated mainly by muscarinic receptor activation and which is not involved in the release of neurotransmitters to relax airway smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsumoto S, Kanno T, Nagayama T, Yamasaki M, Shimizu T. Effects of veratridine and nifedipine on ammonia-induced rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor stimulation in vagotomized rabbits. JOURNAL OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1994; 48:133-42. [PMID: 8089395 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1838(94)90029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of aerosol administration of veratridine (a sodium channel opener) or nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker) on the responses of rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (RARs) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) to aerosols of 2 and 4% ammonia solutions in anesthetized spontaneously breathing rabbits without intact vagi. The RARs increased their activity following ammonia aerosol, and the increase was concentration-dependent. However, ammonia aerosol did not significantly alter the value of Cdyn. The RARs following aerosol administration of veratridine (about 200 micrograms) showed their characteristic firing pattern with several phases; each phase was characterized by the long high-frequency continuous discharges. Under these conditions, the response was not associated with any significant change in Cdyn. Even though the change in receptor activity produced by veratridine was restored to control level, subsequent aerosol application of ammonia led to similar firing patterns, as veratridine was given by aerosol, but had no significant effect on Cdyn. Following aerosol administration of nifedipine (about 1 and 2 mg) the RAR activity and Cdyn were similar to those during control. Furthermore, the ammonia-induced RAR stimulation was not significantly affected by nifedipine aerosol. These results suggest that the stimulation of RARs by ammonia in vagotomized rabbits is independent of changes in Cdyn and speculate that their excitatory effect is at least in part related to the activation of Na+ influx to the receptive terminals but is not involved in the secondary entry of Ca2+ ions to the receptor membrane, through voltage-dependent calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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