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Kohl S, Baumann B, Rosenberg T, Kellner U, Lorenz B, Vadalà M, Jacobson SG, Wissinger B. Mutations in the cone photoreceptor G-protein alpha-subunit gene GNAT2 in patients with achromatopsia. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71:422-5. [PMID: 12077706 PMCID: PMC379175 DOI: 10.1086/341835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2002] [Accepted: 05/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromatopsia is an autosomal recessively inherited visual disorder that is present from birth and that features the absence of color discrimination. We here report the identification of five independent families with achromatopsia that segregate protein-truncation mutations in the GNAT2 gene, located on chromosome 1p13. GNAT2 encodes the cone photoreceptor-specific alpha-subunit of transducin, a G-protein of the phototransduction cascade, which couples to the visual pigment(s). Our results demonstrate that GNAT2 is the third gene implicated in achromatopsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kohl
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Britta Baumann
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Thomas Rosenberg
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ulrich Kellner
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Birgit Lorenz
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Samuel G. Jacobson
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molekulargenetisches Labor, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Germany; National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Copenhagen; Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität, Berlin; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics, Klinikum, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinica Oculistica, University of Palermo, Palermo; and Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Martínez-Mir A, Bayés M, Vilageliu L, Grinberg D, Ayuso C, del Río T, García-Sandoval B, Bussaglia E, Baiget M, Gonzàlez-Duarte R, Balcells S. A new locus for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP19) maps to 1p13-1p21. Genomics 1997; 40:142-6. [PMID: 9070931 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) is characterized by considerable allelic and nonallelic heterogeneity. Mutations have been described in the rhodopsin gene (RHO), the genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of rod phosphodiesterase (PDEA and PDEB), and the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the cGMP-gated channel (CNCG). In addition, linkage studies in single extended pedigrees have defined two new arRP loci, at 1q and 6p. To identify the disease gene in a Spanish consanguineous arRP family, a linkage analysis was undertaken. After testing 102 polymorphic markers, a significant positive lod score (Zmax = 3.64 at theta = 0) was obtained with marker D1S188 at 1p13-p21, the same region where the Stargardt and fundus flavimaculatus (FFM) loci were previously defined. Exhaustive ophthalmologic examination of the patients clearly distinguished the disease from the Stargardt and FFM phenotypes and revealed an atypical form of arRP with choroidal atrophy as a distinctive feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez-Mir
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Weber BH, Sander S, Kopp C, Walker D, Eckstein A, Wissinger B, Zrenner E, Grimm T. Analysis of 21 Stargardt's disease families confirms a major locus on chromosome 1p with evidence for non-allelic heterogeneity in a minority of cases. Br J Ophthalmol 1996; 80:745-9. [PMID: 8949721 PMCID: PMC505593 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.80.8.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive Stargardt's disease is a macular degeneration characterised by a juvenile onset and a rapidly progressive course resulting in an atrophic macular area typically surrounded by yellowish retinal flecks. METHOD The disease locus has previously been assigned to markers from chromosome 1p21-p13 by genetic linkage analysis in eight multiplex Stargardt's disease families. RESULTS In an extended analysis, the assignment to chromosome 1p was confirmed in the majority of the 21 families with Stargardt's disease who were studied. In addition, a series of recombinant chromosomes further narrowed the Stargardt's disease region to an approximately 3 cM interval between markers at D1S424 and D1S497. CONCLUSION Multipoint linkage analysis most probably excludes this locus in three of these families suggesting non-allelic heterogeneity with at least one additional minor Stargardt's disease locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Weber
- Institut für Humangenetik, Biozentrum, Würzburg, Germany
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