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Simpson CJC, Reeves G, Tripathi A, Singh P, Hibberd JM. Using breeding and quantitative genetics to understand the C4 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3072-3084. [PMID: 34747993 PMCID: PMC9126733 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Reducing photorespiration in C3 crops could significantly increase rates of photosynthesis and yield. One method to achieve this would be to integrate C4 photosynthesis into C3 species. This objective is challenging as it involves engineering incompletely understood traits into C3 leaves, including complex changes to their biochemistry, cell biology, and anatomy. Quantitative genetics and selective breeding offer underexplored routes to identify regulators of these processes. We first review examples of natural intraspecific variation in C4 photosynthesis as well as the potential for hybridization between C3 and C4 species. We then discuss how quantitative genetic approaches including artificial selection and genome-wide association could be used to better understand the C4 syndrome and in so doing guide the engineering of the C4 pathway into C3 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J C Simpson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory Reeves
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anoop Tripathi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Correspondence:
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Muguerza MB, Gondo T, Ishigaki G, Shimamoto Y, Umami N, Nitthaisong P, Rahman MM, Akashi R. Tissue Culture and Somatic Embryogenesis in Warm-Season Grasses—Current Status and Its Applications: A Review. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091263. [PMID: 35567264 PMCID: PMC9101205 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Warm-season grasses are C4 plants and have a high capacity for biomass productivity. These grasses are utilized in many agricultural production systems with their greatest value as feeds for livestock, bioethanol, and turf. However, many important warm-season perennial grasses multiply either by vegetative propagation or form their seeds by an asexual mode of reproduction called apomixis. Therefore, the improvement of these grasses by conventional breeding is difficult and is dependent on the availability of natural genetic variation and its manipulation through breeding and selection. Recent studies have indicated that plant tissue culture system through somatic embryogenesis complements and could further develop conventional breeding programs by micropropagation, somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, and genome editing. This review summarizes the tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis in warm-season grasses and focus on current status and above applications including the author’s progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Ballitoc Muguerza
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (M.B.M.); (G.I.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Takahiro Gondo
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Genki Ishigaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (M.B.M.); (G.I.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Yasuyo Shimamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (M.B.M.); (G.I.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Nafiatul Umami
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Fauna 3, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Pattama Nitthaisong
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (M.B.M.); (G.I.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
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