Mitochondrial genome variability in Sorghum cell culture protoclones

Different lengths, copies and expression levels of the mitochondrial atp6 gene in male sterile and fertile lines of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

The male-sterile carrot is an effective material for carrot breeding. The atp6 gene is involved in carrot fertility. However, the differences in lengths, copies, and expression profiles of the atp6 gene in fertile and male-sterile lines of carrot are unclear. In this study, one copy atp6 gene was found in the mtDNAs of 'Kuroda' (fertility, 954 bp) and 'Wuye-BY' (male sterility, 819 bp) carrot lines, while two copies atp6 genes (Wuye-L and Wuye-D, 954 bp and 819 bp, respectively) were found in the mtDNA of 'Wuye' (fertility). Two putative conserved domains have been detected in the carrot atp6 protein. Evolutionary analysis showed that the atp6 protein sequences of Wuye-L and Kuroda were clustered in the same branch, while Wuye-D and Wuye-BY were clustered in the same branch. The atp6 gene was higher expressed in the flowers of 'Kuroda' and 'Wuye' (Wuye-L), while lower expressed in 'Wuye-BY' and 'Wuye' (Wuye-D).