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Heenatigala PPM, Yang J, Bishopp A, Sun Z, Li G, Kumar S, Hu S, Wu Z, Lin W, Yao L, Duan P, Hou H. Development of Efficient Protocols for Stable and Transient Gene Transformation for Wolffia Globosa Using Agrobacterium. Front Chem 2018; 6:227. [PMID: 29977889 PMCID: PMC6022245 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Wolffia genus are fascinating plants for many biologists as they are the smallest flowering plants on Earth and exhibit a reduced body plan that is of great interest to developmental biologists. There has also been recent interest in the use of these species for bioenergy or biorefining. Molecular and developmental studies have been limited in Wolffia species due to the high genome complexity and uncertainties regarding the stable genetic transformation. In this manuscript we present new protocols for both stable and transient genetic transformation for Wolffia globosa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For the transient transformation, we used Wolffia fronds whereas we used clusters for the stable transformation. As proof of concept we transformed two synthetic promoter constructs driving expression of the GUS marker gene, that have previously been used to monitor auxin and cytokinin output in a variety of species. Using these approaches we obtained a Transformation Efficiency (TE) of 0.14% for the stable transformation and 21.8% for the transient transformation. The efficiency of these two methods of transformation are sufficient to allow future studies to investigate gene function. This is the first report for successful stable transformation of W. globosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P M Heenatigala
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Inland Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture Division, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zuoliang Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sunjeet Kumar
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-Line of South-to-North Diversion Project, College of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-Line of South-to-North Diversion Project, College of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Z, Finer JJ. Low Agrobacterium tumefaciens inoculum levels and a long co-culture period lead to reduced plant defense responses and increase transgenic shoot production of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2016; 52:354-366. [PMID: 27746666 PMCID: PMC5042984 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-016-9774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is typically conducted by inoculating plant tissues with an Agrobacterium suspension containing approximately 108-109 bacteria mL-1, followed by a 2-3-d co-culture period. Use of longer co-culture periods could potentially increase transformation efficiencies by allowing more time for Agrobacterium to interact with plant cells, but bacterial overgrowth is likely to occur, leading to severe tissue browning and reduced transformation and regeneration. Low bacterial inoculum levels were therefore evaluated as a means to reduce the negative outcomes associated with long co-culture. The use of low inoculum bacterial suspensions (approximately 6 × 102 bacteria mL-1) followed by long co-culture (15 d) led to the production of an average of three transformed sunflower shoots per explant while the use of high inoculum (approximately 6 × 108 bacteria mL-1) followed by short co-culture (3 d) led to no transformed shoots. Low inoculum and long co-culture acted synergistically, and both were required for the improvement of sunflower transformation. Gene expression analysis via qRT-PCR showed that genes related to plant defense response were generally expressed at lower levels in the explants treated with low inoculum than those treated with high inoculum during 15 d of co-culture, suggesting that low inoculum reduced the induction of plant defense responses. The use of low inoculum with long co-culture (LI/LC) led to large increases in sunflower transformation efficiency. This method has great potential for improving transformation efficiencies and expanding the types of target tissues amenable for transformation of different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC/The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA
| | - John J. Finer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC/The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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Kosawang C, Karlsson M, Vélëz H, Rasmussen PH, Collinge DB, Jensen B, Jensen DF. Zearalenone detoxification by zearalenone hydrolase is important for the antagonistic ability of Clonostachys rosea against mycotoxigenic Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:364-73. [PMID: 24742831 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Clonostachys rosea is antagonistic against plant pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, which produces the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA). ZEA inhibits other fungi, and C. rosea can detoxify ZEA through the enzyme zearalenone lactonohydrolase (ZHD101). As the relevance of ZEA detoxification for biocontrol is unknown, we studied regulation and function of ZHD101 in C. rosea. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed zhd101 gene expression in all conditions studied and demonstrated dose-dependent induction by ZEA. Known inducers of the Polyketide Synthase pathway did not induce zhd101 expression, suggesting specificity of the enzyme towards ZEA. To assess the role of ZHD101 during biocontrol interactions, we generated two Δzhd101 mutants incapable of ZEA-detoxification and confirmed their defect in degrading ZEA by HPLC. The Δzhd101 mutants displayed a lower in vitro ability to inhibit growth of the ZEA-producing F. graminearum (strain 1104-14) compared to the wild type. In contrast, all three C. rosea strains equally inhibited growth of the F. graminearum mutant (ΔPKS4), which is impaired in ZEA-production. Furthermore, the Δzhd101 mutants failed to protect wheat seedlings against foot rot caused by the ZEA-producing F. graminearum. These data show that ZEA detoxification by ZHD101 is important for the biocontrol ability of C. rosea against F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Kosawang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heriberto Vélëz
- AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Have Rasmussen
- Department of Food Chemistry, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - David B Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Kane NC, Burke JM, Marek L, Seiler G, Vear F, Baute G, Knapp SJ, Vincourt P, Rieseberg LH. Sunflower genetic, genomic and ecological resources. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 13:10-20. [PMID: 23039950 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long a major focus of genetic research and breeding, sunflowers (Helianthus) are emerging as an increasingly important experimental system for ecological and evolutionary studies. Here, we review the various attributes of wild and domesticated sunflowers that make them valuable for ecological experimentation and describe the numerous publicly available resources that have enabled rapid advances in ecological and evolutionary genetics. Resources include seed collections available from germplasm centres at the USDA and INRA, genomic and EST sequences, mapping populations, genetic markers, genetic and physical maps and other forward- and reverse-genetic tools. We also discuss some of the key evolutionary, genetic and ecological questions being addressed in sunflowers, as well as gaps in our knowledge and promising areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan C Kane
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Oelofse D, Dubery IA, Meyer R, Arendse MS, Gazendam I, Berger DK. Apple polygalacturonase inhibiting protein1 expressed in transgenic tobacco inhibits polygalacturonases from fungal pathogens of apple and the anthracnose pathogen of lupins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:255-63. [PMID: 16364381 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2004] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from apple fruit (cultivar "Granny Smith") inhibited the cell-wall degrading polygalacturonase (PG) activity of Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of anthracnose on lupins, as well as Aspergillus niger PG. Southern blot analysis indicated that this cultivar of apple has a small gene family of polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (pgips), and therefore heterologous expression in transgenic tobacco was used to identify the specific gene product responsible for the inhibitory activity. A previously isolated pgip gene, termed Mdpgip1, was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The mature MdPGIP1 protein was purified to apparent homogeneity from tobacco leaves by high salt extraction, clarification by DEAE-Sepharose and cation exchange HPLC. Purified MdPGIP1 inhibited PGs from C. lupini and PGs from two economically important pathogens of apple trees, Botryosphaeria obtusa and Diaporthe ambigua. It did not inhibit the A. niger PG, which was in contrast to the apple fruit extract used in this study. We conclude that there are at least two active PGIPs expressed in apple, which differ in their charge properties and ability to inhibit A. niger PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Oelofse
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC)-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Biotechnology Division, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Çürük S, Çetiner S, Elman C, Xia X, Wang Y, Yeheskel A, Zilberstein L, Perl-Treves R, Watad AA, Gaba V. Transformation of Recalcitrant Melon (Cucumis meloL.) Cultivars is Facilitated by Wounding with Carborundum. Eng Life Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200520069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Weber S, Friedt W, Landes N, Molinier J, Himber C, Rousselin P, Hahne G, Horn R. Improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): assessment of macerating enzymes and sonication. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003; 21:475-482. [PMID: 12789451 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-002-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2002] [Revised: 10/07/2002] [Accepted: 10/08/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of shoot apices of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was evaluated following wounding by cell-wall-digesting enzymes and sonication. The frequency of explants with regenerated shoots expressing GUS (beta-glucuronidase) or GFP (green fluorescent protein) increased following treatment with the macerating enzymes cellulase Onozuka R-10 and pectinase Boerozym M5, whereas treatment with macerozyme R-10 had a negative effect. When a combination of cellulase (0.1%) and pectinase (0.05%) was used, the rate of explants with uniformly GUS-positive shoots increased at least twofold. The transient expression of reporter genes was also enhanced using sonication (50 MHz; 2, 4 and 6 s), but stable expression in regenerated shoots following 4 weeks of selection did not increase with this treatment. Enzyme treatment alone (0.1% cellulase and 0.05% pectinase) was superior to a combined treatment of sonication and enzymes with respect to stable transformation. Polymerase chain reaction analyses of shoots recovered by grafting from transformation experiments using GFP as the reporter gene demonstrated the stable integration of the transgene. Regenerated plants were fertile and seeds could be harvested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weber
- Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung I, LS Pflanzenzüchtung, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Müller A, Iser M, Hess D. Stable transformation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using a non-meristematic regeneration protocol and green fluorescent protein as a vital marker. Transgenic Res 2001; 10:435-44. [PMID: 11708653 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012029032572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stable transformation of sunflower was achieved using a non-meristematic hypocotyl explant regeneration protocol of public inbred HA300B. Uniformly transformed shoots were obtained after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a gfp (green fluorescent protein) gene containing an intron that blocks expression of gfp in Agrobacterium. Easily detectable, bright green fluorescence of transformed tissues was used to establish an optimal regeneration and transformation procedure. By Southern blot analysis, integration of the gfp and nptll genes was confirmed. Stable transformation efficiency was 0.1%. From 68 T1 plants analyzed, 17 showed transmission of transgene DNA and 15 of them contained the intact gfp gene. Expression of gfp was detected in 10 T1 plants carrying the intact gfp gene using a fluorimetric assay or western blot analysis. Expression of the nptll gene was confirmed in 13 T1 plants. The transformation system enables the rapid transfer of agronomically important genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Müller
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology (260), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Weber S, Zarhloul K, Friedt W. Modification of Oilseed Quality by Genetic Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56849-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Abstract
Plant transformation has its roots in the research on Agrobacterium that was being undertaken in the early 1980s. The last two decades have seen significant developments in plant transformation technology, such that a large number of transgenic crop plants have now been released for commercial production. Advances in the technology have been due to development of a range of Agrobacterium-mediated and direct DNA delivery techniques, along with appropriate tissue culture techniques for regenerating whole plants from plant cells or tissues in a large number of species. In addition, parallel developments in molecular biology have greatly extended the range of investigations to which plant transformation technology can be applied. Research in plant transformation is concentrating now not so much on the introduction of DNA into plant cells, but rather more on the problems associated with stable integration and reliable expression of the DNA once it has been integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Newell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK
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