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Khatun S, Rajak P, Dutta M, Roy S. Sodium fluoride adversely affects ovarian development and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:51-61. [PMID: 28763637 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study demonstrates the effects of chronic sub-lethal exposure of sodium fluoride (NaF) on reproductive structure and function of female Drosophila melanogaster. As a part of treatment, flies were maintained in food supplemented with sub-lethal concentrations of NaF (10-100 μg/mL). Fecundity, ovarian morphology, presence and profusion of viable cells from ovary and fat body were taken into consideration for evaluating changes in reproductive homeostasis. Wing length (a factor demonstrating body size and reproductive fitness) was also monitored after NaF exposure. Significant reduction in fecundity, alteration in ovarian morphology along with an increase in apoptosis was observed in treated females. Simultaneous decline in viable cell number and larval weight validates the result of MTT assay. Furthermore, altered ovarian Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and catalase activities together with increased rate of lipid peroxidation after 20 and 40 μg/mL NaF exposure confirmed the changes in reproduction related metabolism. Enhanced lipid peroxidation known for ROS generation might have induced genotoxicity which is confirmed through Comet assay. The enzyme activities were not dose dependent, rather manifested a bimodal response, which suggests a well-knit interaction among the players inducing stress and the ones that help establish physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Khatun
- Toxicology Research Unit, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Prem Rajak
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Toxicology Research Unit, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Toxicology Research Unit, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Rodrigues SC, Pantaleão LC, Nogueira TC, Gomes PR, Albuquerque GG, Nachbar RT, Torres-Leal FL, Caperuto LC, Lellis-Santos C, Anhê GF, Bordin S. Selective regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in late-pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1146-56. [PMID: 25163923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00513.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays an essential role in maternal metabolic adaptation during late pregnancy. With regard to lipid metabolism, increased secretion of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is characteristic of late pregnancy. Despite this well-described metabolic plasticity, the molecular changes underlying the hepatic adaptation to pregnancy remain unclear. As AMPK is a key intracellular energy sensor, we investigated whether this protein assumes a causal role in the hepatic adaptation to pregnancy. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) for 5 days starting at gestational day 14. At the end of treatment, the rats were subjected to an intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test and in situ liver perfusion with pyruvate. The livers were processed for Western blot analysis, quantitative PCR, thin-layer chromatography, enzymatic activity, and glycogen content measurements. Blood biochemical profiles were also assessed. We found that AMPK and ACC phosphorylation were reduced in the livers of pregnant rats in parallel with a reduced level of hepatic gluconeogenesis of pyruvate. This effect was accompanied by both a reduction in the levels of hepatic triglycerides (TG) and an increase in circulating levels of TG. Treatment with AICAR restored hepatic levels of TG to those observed in nonpregnant rats. Additionally, AMPK activation reduced the upregulation of genes related to VLDL synthesis and secretion observed in the livers of pregnant rats. We conclude that the increased secretion of hepatic TG in late pregnancy is concurrent with a transcriptional profile that favors VLDL production. This transcriptional profile results from the reduction in hepatic AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pantaleão
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane C Nogueira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Albuquerque
- School of Education, Sciences, Arts and Humanities, University of Grande Rio, Grande Rio, Brazil
| | - Renato T Nachbar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco L Torres-Leal
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Camilo Lellis-Santos
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Van Noorden CJ, Jonges GN. Heterogeneity of kinetic parameters of enzymes in situ in rat liver lobules. Histochem Cell Biol 1995; 103:93-101. [PMID: 7634157 DOI: 10.1007/bf01454005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, metabolic compartmentation in liver lobules is discussed as being dynamic and more complex than thus far assumed on the basis of numbers of mRNA or protein molecules or the capacity (zero-order activity) of enzymes. Isoenzyme distribution patterns and local kinetic parameters of enzymes may vary over the different zones of liver lobules. As a consequence, metabolic fluxes in vivo at physiological substrate concentrations may be completely different from those that are assumed on the basis of the number of molecules or the capacity of enzymes present in zones of liver lobules. For a more correct estimation of the levels of metabolic processes in the different compartments of liver tissue, local kinetic parameters and substrate concentrations have to be determined to calculate local metabolic fluxes. Direct measurements of metabolic fluxes in vivo with the use of noninvasive techniques is a promising alternative and the techniques will become increasingly important in future metabolic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Van Noorden
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, The Netherlands
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Versloot PM, Gerritsen J, Boogerd L, Schr oder-van der Elst JP, Van Der Heide D. Thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine production, metabolism, and distribution in pregnant rat near term. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 267:E860-7. [PMID: 7810627 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.6.e860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the pregnant rat near term thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations are lower in plasma and extrathyroidal tissues, except T3 in the brain. To study the changes in T4 and T3 kinetics a bolus injection of [125I]T4 and [131I]T3 was administered to nonpregnant controls and rats 14 and 19 days pregnant. Physiological parameters of the production, interpool transport, distribution, and metabolism of T4 and T3 were estimated by means of a three-compartment model. The production and partition of T4 remained unchanged during pregnancy. The total distribution volume of T4 was enlarged. On day 19 the plasma clearance rate was doubled, and transport to the fast pool was more than tripled. The rate of production of T3 was slightly diminished. The plasma clearance rate was increased, but no changes were found in the interpool transport rates. These results suggest that in the pregnant rat near term the increased transport of T4 is responsible for the distribution of the available T4 between the maternal and the fetal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Versloot
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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