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Transgenic barley: a prospective tool for biotechnology and agriculture. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:137-57. [PMID: 24084493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the founder crops of agriculture, and today it is the fourth most important cereal grain worldwide. Barley is used as malt in brewing and distilling industry, as an additive for animal feed, and as a component of various food and bread for human consumption. Progress in stable genetic transformation of barley ensures a potential for improvement of its agronomic performance or use of barley in various biotechnological and industrial applications. Recently, barley grain has been successfully used in molecular farming as a promising bioreactor adapted for production of human therapeutic proteins or animal vaccines. In addition to development of reliable transformation technologies, an extensive amount of various barley genetic resources and tools such as sequence data, microarrays, genetic maps, and databases has been generated. Current status on barley transformation technologies including gene transfer techniques, targets, and progeny stabilization, recent trials for improvement of agricultural traits and performance of barley, especially in relation to increased biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and potential use of barley grain as a protein production platform have been reviewed in this study. Overall, barley represents a promising tool for both agricultural and biotechnological transgenic approaches, and is considered an ancient but rediscovered crop as a model industrial platform for molecular farming.
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Abstract
Ever since the first developments in plant transformation technology using model plant species in the early 1980s, there has been a body of plant science research devoted to adapting these techniques to the transformation of crop plants. For some crop species progress was relatively rapid, but in other crop groups such as the small grain cereals, which were not readily amenable to culture in vitro and were not natural hosts to Agrobacterium, it has taken nearly two decades to develop reliable and robust transformation methods.In the following chapters of this book, transformation procedures for small grain cereals are presented, together with methods for gene and protein expression and the characterization of transgenic plants. In this introductory chapter we try to put these later chapters into context, giving an overview of the development of transformation technology for small grain cereals, discussing some of the pros and cons of the techniques and what limitations still exist.
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Mannonen L, Kauppinen V, Enari TM. Recent Developments in the Genetic Engineering of Barley. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388559409063642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Obregón-Barboza V, Del Rincón-Castro MC, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Ibarra JE. Infection, transfection, and co-transfection of baculoviruses by microprojectile bombardment of larvae. J Virol Methods 2007; 140:124-31. [PMID: 17184851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of baculoviruses as expression vectors for heterologous proteins has been practically limited to the use of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). In this work, infection, transfection and co-transfection events with the baculoviruses AcMNPV and Trichoplusia ni granulovirus (TnGV) were accomplished by bombardment of T. ni first-instar larvae with microprojectiles coated with virions, viral DNA, and viral DNA and a transfer vector, respectively. A series of shooting conditions were tested until positive results were obtained. The use of 1.6 microm gold particles at 900 psi shooting pressure, 400 Torr vacuum, 7 cm distance to target, on sets of 20 first-instar larvae held in a 16 mm diameter container, proved to be the best shooting conditions. Typical infection symptoms were shown by larvae when shot with viruses or viral DNA from AcMNPV or TnGV. Co-transfected recombinant AcMNPV and TnGV were identified by the formation of occlusion bodies and GFP, respectively, in bombarded larvae. This technique opens a wide range of possibilities, not only to use an extensive number of baculoviruses as expression vectors for heterologous proteins, but also be used to infect, transfect or co-transfect a wide variety of viruses into animal cells.
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Southgate EM, Davey MR, Power JB, Marchant R. Factors affecting the genetic engineering of plants by microprojectile bombardment. Biotechnol Adv 2003; 13:631-51. [PMID: 14536367 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(95)02008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since its development in the mid-1980s, microprojectile bombardment has been widely employed as a method for direct gene transfer into a wide range of plants, including the previously difficult-to-transform monocotyledonous species. Although the numerous instruments available for microprojectile-mediated gene delivery and their applications have been widely discussed, less attention has been paid to the critical factors which affect the efficiency of this method of gene delivery. In this review we do not wish to describe the array of devices used for microprojectile delivery or their uses which have already been definitively described, but instead wish to report on research developments investigating the factors which affect microprojectile-mediated transformation of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Southgate
- Plant Genetic Manipulation Group, Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, UK
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Casas AM, Kononowicz AK, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. Cereal transformation through particle bombardment. PLANT BREEDING REVIEWS 2001; 13:235-64. [PMID: 11543586 DOI: 10.1002/9780470650059.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Casas
- Laboratorio Asociado de Agronomia y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei, Zaragoza, Spain
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Linko M, Haikara A, Ritala A, Penttilä M. Recent advances in the malting and brewing industry1Based on a lecture held at the symposium `Biotechnology in advanced food and feed processing', at the 8th European Congress on Biotechnology (ECB8) in Budapest, Hungary, August 1997.1. J Biotechnol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(98)00135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ritala A, Aspegren K, Kurtén U, Salmenkallio-Marttila M, Mannonen L, Hannus R, Kauppinen V, Teeri TH, Enari TM. Fertile transgenic barley to particle bombardment of immature embryos. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 24:317-325. [PMID: 8111034 DOI: 10.1007/bf00020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic, fertile barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from the Finnish elite cultivar Kymppi was obtained by particle bombardment of immature embryos. Immature embryos were bombarded to the embryonic axis side and grown to plants without selection. Neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) activity was screened in small plantlets. One out of a total of 227 plants expressed the transferred nptII gene. This plant has until now produced 98 fertile spikes (T0), and four of the 90 T0 spikes analyzed to date contained the nptII gene. These shoots were further analyzed and they expressed the transferred gene. From green grains, embryos were isolated and grown to plantlets (T1). The four transgenic shoots of Toivo (the T0 plant) produced 25 plantlets as T1 progeny. Altogether fifteen of these T1 plants carried the transferred nptII gene as detected with the PCR technique, fourteen of which expressed the nptII gene. The integration and inheritance of the transferred nptII gene was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Although present as several copies, the transferred gene was inherited as a single Mendelian locus into the T2 progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ritala
- VTT, Biotechnical Laboratory, Espoo, Finland
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Sanford JC, Smith FD, Russell JA. Optimizing the biolistic process for different biological applications. Methods Enzymol 1993; 217:483-509. [PMID: 8474348 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(93)17086-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The biolistic process is still rapidly evolving. We do not anticipate further major improvements in biolistic apparatus. There will probably still be further major improvements in particles, DNA coating, and vectors, as well as significant further advances in understanding of biological determinants of cell penetration and survival. The technology has currently reached the point at which it can be readily and reliably used for a wide range of applications. Given the information presented in this chapter, new applications can be optimized fairly readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sanford
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva 14456
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Perl A, Kless H, Blumenthal A, Galili G, Galun E. Improvement of plant regeneration and GUS expression in scutellar wheat calli by optimization of culture conditions and DNA-microprojectile delivery procedures. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1992; 235:279-84. [PMID: 1465102 DOI: 10.1007/bf00279371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic transformation of cereals by direct DNA delivery via microprojectile bombardment has become an established procedure in recent years. But the derivation of functional transgenic plants, especially in wheat, is still problematic, mainly due to low efficiency of DNA delivery and the reduced regeneration capability of microprojectile-bombarded tissue. We focussed on these two aspects and found that the regeneration of scutellar calli of wheat can be rendered highly efficient and considerably accelerated by a liquid culture phase in screen rafts. We also found that the expression of a reporter gene following DNA delivery by microprojectile can be improved by maintaining the scutellar calli in 0.25 M mannitol before and after bombardment, by bombardment in the presence of silver thiosulfate and Ca(NO3)2 (rather than CaCl2) and by the elimination of spermidine from the DNA/microprojectile mixture. A protocol that includes all these features leads to several-fold higher transient expression of the reporter gene than have previously published procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perl
- Department of Plant Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Klein TM, Arentzen R, Lewis PA, Fitzpatrick-McElligott S. Transformation of microbes, plants and animals by particle bombardment. Nat Biotechnol 1992; 10:286-91. [PMID: 1368100 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0392-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, particle bombardment has evolved into a useful tool for molecular biologists, allowing direct gene transfer to a broad range of cell and tissue types. Some of the important applications of the process include the production of transgenic crop species including maize and soybean and the introduction of DNA into plastids and mitochondria. Recent results have extended the range of gene transfer by particle bombardment to animal and bacterial cells. One noteworthy newer application is the direct insertion of genes into the organs of living animals. Here we discuss these advances and the instrument developments that contributed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Klein
- DuPont Agricultural Products, Wilmington, DE 19880
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Vasil V, Brown SM, Re D, Fromm ME, Vasil IK. Stably Transformed Callus Lines from Microprojectile Bombardment of Cell Suspension Cultures of Wheat. Nat Biotechnol 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0891-743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lazzeri PA, Brettschneider R, Lührs R, Lörz H. Stable transformation of barley via PEG-induced direct DNA uptake into protoplasts. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 81:437-444. [PMID: 24221308 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/1990] [Accepted: 09/05/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts isolated from a barley cell suspension (cv Dissa) were transformed with plasmid DNA containing the neomycinphosphotransferase II (NPT) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) genes, using polyethyleneglycol (PEG) to induce DNA uptake. Transformed microcalli were selected in media containing G418 sulphate. NPT activity was detected in all antibiotic-resistant cell lines, but not all NPT-positive cell lines had GUS activity. Southern analysis confirmed the presence of sequences homologous to the APT and GUS genes in DNA of G418-resistant callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Lazzeri
- Institute for General Botany (AMP II), University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 52, Hamburg, FRG
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Fromm ME, Morrish F, Armstrong C, Williams R, Thomas J, Klein TM. Inheritance and expression of chimeric genes in the progeny of transgenic maize plants. Nat Biotechnol 1991; 8:833-9. [PMID: 1366794 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0990-833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We obtained transgenic maize plants by using high-velocity microprojectiles to transfer genes into embryongenic cells. Two selectable genes were used to confer resistance to either chlorsulfuron or phosphinothricin, and genes encoding either E. coli beta-glucuronidase or firefly luciferase were used as markers to provide convenient assays for transformation. When regenerated without selection, only two of the eight transformed embryogenic calli obtained produced transgenic maize plants. With selection, transgenic plants were obtained from three of the other eight calli. One of the two initial lines produced 15 fertile transgenic plants. The progeny of these plants contained and expressed the foreign genes. Luciferase expression could be visualized, in the presence of added luciferin, by overlaying leaf sections with color film.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fromm
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/UC Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710
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Steinbiss HH, Davidson A. Transient gene expression of chimeric genes in cells and tissues of crops. Subcell Biochem 1991; 17:143-66. [PMID: 1796483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9365-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Steinbiss
- Max-Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Abt. Genetische Grundlagen der Pflanzenzüchtung, Köln, Germany
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