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Liang Z, Zhang S, Li X, Wang T, Huang Y, Hang W, Yang Z, Li J, Tian Z. Tip-enhanced ablation and ionization mass spectrometry for nanoscale chemical analysis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaaq1059. [PMID: 29226250 PMCID: PMC5722649 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic methods with nanoscale lateral resolution are becoming essential in the fields of physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and materials science. However, the lateral resolution of laser-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques has so far been limited to the microscale. This report presents the development of tip-enhanced ablation and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TEAI-TOFMS), using a shell-isolated apertureless silver tip. The TEAI-TOFMS results indicate the capability and reproducibility of the system for generating nanosized craters and for acquiring the corresponding mass spectral signals. Multi-elemental analysis of nine inorganic salt residues and MSI of a potassium salt residue pattern at a 50-nm lateral resolution were achieved. These results demonstrate the opportunity for the distribution of chemical compositions at the nanoscale to be visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Liang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shudi Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Klein-Wiele JH, Simon P. Sub-100nm pattern generation by laser direct writing using a confinement layer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:9017-9023. [PMID: 23571992 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.009017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique is introduced that dramatically increases the quality and spatial resolution of directly ablated periodic nanostructures on materials. The presented method utilizes a PMMA confinement layer spin coated on the surface of the ablated material reducing the violence and speed of expansion of the molten material. As a result, droplet formation deteriorating the achievable resolution can be completely avoided. Moreover, motion control of the molten material leads to structural details with dimensions well below the irradiation wavelength.
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Chan QN, Medwell PR, Dally BB, Alwahabi ZT, Nathan GJ. New seeding methodology for gas concentration measurements. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:803-809. [PMID: 22710315 DOI: 10.1366/11-06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first demonstration of the pulsed laser ablation technique to seed a laminar non-reacting gaseous jet at atmospheric pressure. The focused, second harmonic from a pulsed Nd : YAG laser is used to ablate a neutral indium rod at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The ablation products generated with the new seeding method are used to seed the jet, as a marker of the scalar field. The neutral indium atoms so generated are found to be stable and survive a convection time of the order of tens of seconds before entering the interrogation region. The measurements of planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) with indium and laser nephelometry measurements with the ablation products are both reported. The resulting average and root mean square (RMS) of the measurements are found to agree reasonably well although some differences are found. The results show that the pulsed laser ablation method has potential to provide scalar measurement for mixing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing N Chan
- Centre for Energy Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Herbst G, Steiner M, Marowsky G, Matthias E. Ablation of Si and Ge Using UV Femtosecond Laser Pulses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-397-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTLaser ablation of silicon and germanium was carried out in moderate vacuum with l00fs to 400fs pulses at 248nm and intensities up to 3x1013 W/cm2. Evidence for non-thermal material removal was found. Imaged multishot ablation patterns display the intensity dependent self-structuring effect, forming well-known columnar structures. It is shown that continued irradiation of these structures eventually results in comparatively clean ablation. An increase of ablation rate with depth was observed. The reason is an intensity enhancement inside the pits by reflective focussing to a level where bond-breaking takes place. Furthermore, it was noticed that ablation contours can be significantly improved by electrically grounding the target.
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Guan YF, Pearce RC, Melechko AV, Hensley DK, Simpson ML, Rack PD. Pulsed laser dewetting of nickel catalyst for carbon nanofiber growth. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:235604. [PMID: 21825799 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/23/235604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a pulsed laser dewetting technique that produces single nickel catalyst particles from lithographically patterned disks for subsequent carbon nanofiber growth through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Unlike the case for standard heat treated Ni catalyst disks, for which multiple nickel particles and consequently multiple carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are observed, single vertically aligned CNFs could be obtained from the laser dewetted catalyst. Different laser dewetting parameters were tested in this study, such as the laser energy density and the laser processing time measured by the total number of laser pulses. Various nickel disk radii and thicknesses were attempted and the resultant number of carbon nanofibers was found to be a function of the initial disk dimension and the number of laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Chapter 16 Growth and Etching of Semiconductors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4331(08)00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Link S, Burda C, Nikoobakht B, El-Sayed MA. Laser-Induced Shape Changes of Colloidal Gold Nanorods Using Femtosecond and Nanosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000679t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Link
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - C. Burda
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - B. Nikoobakht
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - M. A. El-Sayed
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
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Abstract
We report on the fabrication of periodic nanostructures on selected materials by short-pulse uv-laser ablation. Temporal studies reveal details of the ablation process with sub-picosecond time resolution. Biochemical applications of the nanostructures for planar waveguide technology are presented.
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Hohlfeld J, Wellershoff SS, Güdde J, Conrad U, Jähnke V, Matthias E. Electron and lattice dynamics following optical excitation of metals. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mailis S, Zergioti I, Koundourakis G, Ikiades A, Patentalaki A, Papakonstantinou P, Vainos NA, Fotakis C. Etching and printing of diffractive optical microstructures by a femtosecond excimer laser. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:2301-2308. [PMID: 18319795 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Diffractive optics fabrication is performed by two complementary processing methods that rely on the photoablation of materials by ultrashort UV laser pulses. The spatially selective ablation of materials permits the direct microetching of high-quality surface-relief patterns. In addition, the direct, spatially selective transfer of the ablated material onto planar and nonplanar receiving substrates provides a complementary microprinting operation. The radiation from the ultrashort pulsed excimer laser results in superior quality at relatively low-energy density levels, owing to the short absorption length and minimal thermal-diffusion effects. Computer-generated holographic structures are produced by both modes of operation. Submicrometer features, including Bragg-type structures, are microprinted onto planar and high-curvature optical-fiber surfaces, demonstrating the unique ability of the schemes for complex microstructure and potentially nanostructure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mailis
- Laser and Applications Division, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, PO Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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Hahn C, Lippert T, Wokaun A. Comparison of the Ablation Behavior of Polymer Films in the IR and UV with Nanosecond and Picosecond Pulses. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ch. Hahn
- General Energy Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Department of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, and Division of Chemical Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, MS J585, New Mexico 87545
| | - T. Lippert
- General Energy Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Department of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, and Division of Chemical Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, MS J585, New Mexico 87545
| | - A. Wokaun
- General Energy Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Department of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, and Division of Chemical Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, MS J585, New Mexico 87545
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Owega S, Lai EP, Mullett WM. Laser desorption ionization of gramicidin S on thin silver films with matrix isolation in surface plasmon resonance excitation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(98)00397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kusch C, Winter B, Mitzner R, Gomes Silva A, Campbell E, Hertel I. Stability of photo-excited C60 chemisorbed on Ni(111). Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4. Lasers, Optics, and Thermal Considerations in Ablation Experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-695x(08)60396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Haglund RF. 2. Mechanisms of Laser-Induced Desorption and Ablation. LASER ABLATION AND DESORPTION 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-695x(08)60394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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