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Jaskowak DJ, Danziger ZC. Reflex voiding in rat occurs at consistent bladder volume regardless of pressure or infusion rate. Neurourol Urodyn 2023; 42:1532-1546. [PMID: 37583249 PMCID: PMC10461254 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The central nervous system (CNS) regulates lower urinary tract reflexes using information from sensory afferents; however, the mechanisms of this process are not well known. Pressure and volume were measured at the onset of the guarding and micturition reflexes across a range of infusion rates to provide insight into what the CNS is gauging to activate reflexes. METHODS Female Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane for open outlet cystometry. A set of 10 infusion rates (ranging 0.92-65.5 mL/h) were pseudo-randomly distributed across 30 single-fill cystometrograms. Bladder pressure and external urethral sphincter electromyography were used for the determination of the onset of the micturition and guarding reflexes, respectively. The bladder volume at the onset of both reflexes was estimated from the total infusion rate during a single fill. RESULTS In response to many single-fill cystometrograms, there was an increased volume the bladder could store without a significant increase in pressure. Volume was adjusted for this effect for the analysis of how pressure and volume varied with infusion rate at the onset of the micturition and guarding reflexes. In 25 rats, the micturition reflex was evoked at similar volumes across all infusion rates, whereas the pressure at micturition reflex onset increased with increasing infusion rates. In 11 rats, the guarding reflex was evoked at similar pressures across infusion rates, but the volume decreased with increasing infusion rates. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the CNS is interpreting volume from the bladder to activate the micturition reflex and pressure from the bladder to activate the guarding reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Jaskowak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zachary C Danziger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Nakagawa T, Akimoto N, Hakozaki A, Noma T, Nakamura A, Hayashi Y, Sasaki E, Ozaki N, Furue H. Responsiveness of lumbosacral superficial dorsal horn neurons during the voiding reflex and functional loss of spinal urethral-responsive neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:144-157. [PMID: 31663175 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sensory information from the lower urinary tract (LUT) is conveyed to the spinal cord to trigger and co-ordinate micturition. However, it is not fully understood how spinal dorsal horn neurons are excited during the voiding reflex. In this study, we developed an in vivo technique allowing recording of superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons concurrent with intravesical pressure (IVP) during the micturition cycle in both normal and diabetic rats. METHODS Lumbosacral dorsal horn neuronal activity and IVP were recorded from urethane-anesthetized naive and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Saline was continuously perfused into the urinary bladder through a cannula to induce micturition. RESULTS We classified SDH neurons into bladder- and urethral-responsive neurons, based on their responsiveness during the voiding reflex. Bladder-responsive SDH neurons responded to the rapid increase in IVP at the start of voiding. In contrast, urethral-responsive SDH neuronal firing increased at the peak IVP and their firing lasted during the voiding phase (the high-frequency oscillations). Urethral-responsive SDH neurons were more sensitive to capsaicin, received C afferent fiber inputs, and were rarely detected in STZ-diabetes rats. Administration of a cyclohexenoic long-chain fatty alcohol (TAC-302), which is reported to promote neurite outgrowth of peripheral nerves in STZ-diabetic rats, prevented the functional loss of spinal urethral response. CONCLUSIONS Sensory information from the bladder and urethra is conveyed separately to different groups of SDH neurons. Functional loss of spinal urethral sensory information through unmyelinated C afferent fibers may contribute to diabetic bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nakagawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Nozomi Akimoto
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hakozaki
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yukio Hayashi
- Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiji Sasaki
- Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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Naimi HA, Nagle AS, Vinod NN, Kolli H, Sheen D, De Wachter SG, Speich JE, Klausner AP. An innovative, non-invasive sensation meter allows for a more comprehensive understanding of bladder sensation events: A prospective study in participants with normal bladder function. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 38:208-214. [PMID: 30311679 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is currently no standardized method of characterizing changes in bladder sensation during bladder filling outside of the urodynamics laboratory. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize real-time bladder sensation events using a sensation meter during oral hydration in individuals with normal bladder function. METHODS Participants enrolled in an accelerated hydration study drank 2 L Gatorade-G2® and utilized a sensation meter to record real-time bladder sensation (0-100%), verbal sensory thresholds, and sensation descriptors of "tense," "pressure," "tingling," "painful," and "other" for two consecutive fill-void cycles. RESULTS Data from 21 participants (12 females/9 males) were obtained and demonstrated an average of 8-9 sensation events (significant changes in sensation) per fill with no differences in the total number of sensation events and volume between sensation events (fill 1 vs fill 2). An increased number of sensation events occurred at higher capacity quartiles. Event descriptors of "pressure" and "tingling" were the most commonly chosen descriptors in both fills. CONCLUSIONS The innovative sensation meter includes the sensation event descriptors of "tense," "tingling," "pressure," and "painful," to enable a more comprehensive understanding of bladder sensation as well as real-time identification, quantification, and characterization of sensation events. The study demonstrates 8-9 events per fill, acceleration of sensation during filling, and unique sensation event descriptor patterns. This technology may be helpful in the identification of novel sensation patterns associated with overactive bladder (OAB) and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hameeda A Naimi
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Anna S Nagle
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Naomi N Vinod
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hiren Kolli
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Derek Sheen
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Stefan G De Wachter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, University of Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - John E Speich
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adam P Klausner
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Surgery Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Ross SE, Sperry ZJ, Mahar CM, Bruns TM. Hysteretic behavior of bladder afferent neurons in response to changes in bladder pressure. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:57. [PMID: 27520434 PMCID: PMC4983075 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanosensitive afferents innervating the bladder increase their firing rate as the bladder fills and pressure rises. However, the relationship between afferent firing rates and intravesical pressure is not a simple linear one. Firing rate responses to pressure can differ depending on prior activity, demonstrating hysteresis in the system. Though this hysteresis has been commented on in published literature, it has not been quantified. Results Sixty-six bladder afferents recorded from sacral dorsal root ganglia in five alpha-chloralose anesthetized felines were identified based on their characteristic responses to pressure (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.2) during saline infusion (2 ml/min). For saline infusion trials, we calculated a maximum hysteresis ratio between the firing rate difference at each pressure and the overall firing rate range (or Hmax) of 0.86 ± 0.09 (mean ± standard deviation) and mean hysteresis ratio (or Hmean) of 0.52 ± 0.13 (n = 46 afferents). For isovolumetric trials in two experiments (n = 33 afferents) Hmax was 0.72 ± 0.14 and Hmean was 0.40 ± 0.14. Conclusions A comprehensive state model that integrates these hysteresis parameters to determine the bladder state may improve upon existing neuroprostheses for bladder control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani E Ross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,, NCRC-B20-104W, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zachariah J Sperry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,, NCRC-B20-111WD, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Colin M Mahar
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,, NCRC-B20-111WD, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tim M Bruns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,, NCRC-B10-A169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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de Groat WC, Yoshimura N. Anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 130:61-108. [PMID: 26003239 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia that coordinates the activity of smooth and striated muscles of the bladder and urethral outlet. Neural control of micturition is organized as a hierarchic system in which spinal storage mechanisms are in turn regulated by circuitry in the rostral brainstem that initiates reflex voiding. Input from the forebrain triggers voluntary voiding by modulating the brainstem circuitry. Many neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. The major component of the micturition switching circuit is a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway that has essential connections in the periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center. A computer model of this circuit that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition is described. Micturition occurs involuntarily during the early postnatal period, after which it is regulated voluntarily. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults cause re-emergence of involuntary micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. The mechanisms underlying these pathologic changes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry and neurotransmitter mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract. The functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia that coordinates the activity of smooth and striated muscles of the bladder and urethral outlet. The neural control of micturition is organized as a hierarchical system in which spinal storage mechanisms are in turn regulated by circuitry in the rostral brain stem that initiates reflex voiding. Input from the forebrain triggers voluntary voiding by modulating the brain stem circuitry. Many neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. The major component of the micturition switching circuit is a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway that has essential connections in the periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center. A computer model of this circuit that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition is described. Micturition occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3 to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults can cause the re-emergence of involuntary micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. Neuroplasticity underlying these developmental and pathological changes in voiding function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Griffiths
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Daly DM, Chess-Williams R, Chapple C, Grundy D. The Inhibitory Role of Acetylcholine and Muscarinic Receptors in Bladder Afferent Activity. Eur Urol 2010; 58:22-8; discussion 31-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The afferent innervation of the urinary bladder consists primarily of small myelinated (Adelta) and unmyelinated (C-fiber) axons that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Immunochemical studies indicate that bladder afferent neurons synthesize several putative neurotransmitters, including neuropeptides, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and nitric oxide. The afferent neurons also express various types of receptors and ion channels, including transient receptor potential channels, purinergic, muscarinic, endothelin, neurotrophic factor, and estrogen receptors. Patch-clamp recordings in dissociated bladder afferent neurons and recordings of bladder afferent nerve activity have revealed that activation of many of these receptors enhances neuronal excitability. Afferent nerves can respond to chemicals present in urine as well as chemicals released in the bladder wall from nerves, smooth muscle, inflammatory cells, and epithelial cells lining the bladder lumen. Pathological conditions alter the chemical and electrical properties of bladder afferent pathways, leading to urinary urgency, increased voiding frequency, nocturia, urinary incontinence, and pain. Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the sensitization of bladder afferent nerves. Neurotoxins such as capsaicin, resiniferatoxin, and botulinum neurotoxin that target sensory nerves are useful in treating disorders of the lower urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, West 1352 Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Seseke S, Baudewig J, Kallenberg K, Ringert RH, Seseke F, Dechent P. Gender differences in voluntary micturition control — An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2008; 43:183-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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De Wachter S, De Laet K, Wyndaele JJ. Does the cystometric filling rate affect the afferent bladder response pattern? A study on single fibre pelvic nerve afferents in the rat urinary bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2006; 25:162-7. [PMID: 16372317 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effect of physiological and supraphysiological filling rates on the response pattern of single fibre pelvic nerve afferents of the rat urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 single afferent bladder units were identified electrophysiologically and their mechanosensitive properties studied. Afferent activity of 13 units was studied at filling rates of 40 and 200 microl/min. Afferent activity of the other units was studied at 200 and 400 microl/min. RESULTS At the physiological filling rate of 40 microl/min two clearly different types of response pattern were noted. However, at higher supraphysiological filling rates, all units exhibited nearly the same pattern. The difference in mechanosensitive properties of the units that showed a change in response pattern at the supraphysiological filling rate, was characterized by a decrease in pressure at which afferent firing rate peaked. For all units it was found that an increase in filling rate induced an increase in the activation pressure threshold for afferent units, whereas the afferent firing rate at all pressures decreased. CONCLUSIONS In rats supraphysiological filling rates delay afferent activation, lower afferent firing activity and even change the characteristics of some afferents completely. These data may elucidate some of the differences between ambulatory and conventional urodynamics observed in man.
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le Feber J, van Asselt E, van Mastrigt R. Afferent bladder nerve activity in the rat: a mechanism for starting and stopping voiding contractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 32:395-405. [PMID: 15517231 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-004-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the relation between afferent bladder nerve activity and bladder mechanics and the mechanisms that initiate and terminate bladder contractions. Bladder nerve activity, pressure and volume were recorded during the micturition cycle in the rat. The highest correlation was found between afferent nerve activity and stress (pressure x volume). Afferent nerve activity depended linearly on stress within 6%, and both slope and offset were independent of the bladder-filling rate. The levels of afferent bladder nerve activity at the onset and cessation of efferent firing to the bladder were highly reproducible with coefficients of variation of <or=17%. We propose a model in which afferent activity is proportional to bladder wall stress, and bladder contraction is initiated when afferent activity exceeds a threshold due to an increasing pressure and volume. The contraction continues until afferent activity drops below a threshold again as a result of a decreasing volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost le Feber
- Department of Urology, Sector Furore, Room Ee1630, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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BIPHASIC URETHRAL SPHINCTER RESPONSES TO ACETIC ACID INFUSION INTO THE LOWER URINARY TRACT IN ANESTHETIZED CATS. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200110000-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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BIPHASIC URETHRAL SPHINCTER RESPONSES TO ACETIC ACID INFUSION INTO THE LOWER URINARY TRACT IN ANESTHETIZED CATS. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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SYNAPTIC RESPONSES EVOKED BY LOWER URINARY TRACT STIMULATION IN SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION CELLS IN THE RAT. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199905000-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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HABLER HEINZJOACHIM, McLACHLAN ELSPETHM, JAMIESON JOHN, DAVIES PHILIPJ. SYNAPTIC RESPONSES EVOKED BY LOWER URINARY TRACT STIMULATION IN SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION CELLS IN THE RAT. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)69001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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